英语毕业论文辅修 环境工程专业词汇的特点及翻译策略Word文档下载推荐.docx
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英语毕业论文辅修 环境工程专业词汇的特点及翻译策略Word文档下载推荐.docx
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张崇
学号:
2006041182
指导教师:
高金岭
完成日期:
2009年5月10日
TheLexicalFeaturesofEnvironmentalEngineeringEnglishandtheirTranslation环境工程专业词汇的特点及其翻译
byZhangChong
Supervisor:
Mr.GaoJinling
Submittedto
theSchoolofForeignLanguages
inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts
ShandongJianzhuUniversity
Jinan,China
June,2009
CONTENTS
Abstract…………………………………………………………..……………………………….……..iv
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………v
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………1
Chapter1TheClassificationofEnvironmentEngineeringSpecializedVocabulary...2
1.1TechnicalWords……………………………………………………………………………...……….2
1.2Sub/semi-technicalWords…………………………………………………………………………....2
1.3CommonWords………………………………………………………………………………………..3
Chapter2TheFeaturesofenvironmentengineeringspecializedvocabulary……..…..4
2.1LatinorGreekOrigin………………………………………………………………………………….4
2.2Affixation…………………………………………………………………………...………………….4
2.3CompoundsandShortening……………………………………………………………….……………4
2.3.1Compounds………………………..…………………………………………………………….….5
2.3.2Shortening………………..…………………………………………………………………………5
2.4Analogy…………………...……………………………………………………………………………5
2.5CoinageofNewWords………………………………………………………………………………...6
Chapter3EnvironmentalEngineeringEnglishVocabularyTranslationStrategy.....7
3.1FreeTranslation…………………………………………………………………………...7
3.2Transliteration………………………………………………………………………………………….7
3.3TransliterationandFree–translation…………………………………………………………………...8
Chapter4WordChoiceandExpressionintheTranslation……………………….……....9
4.1TheChoiceoftheRightMeaning………...…………………………………………………………...9
4.2TheChoiceofProperExpression……………………………………………………………….…….9
4.2.1derivedmeaning………………………………………………………………………………..…..9
4.2.2conversionofpartofspeech…………………………………………………………………..….10
Chapter5ThequalificationsofEnvironmentalEngineeringTranslation.11
5.1AccumulatedExpertise………………………………………………………………………...……..11
5.2ProfessionalKnowledge……………………………………………………………………………...11
5.3ExtensiveReading………………….……………………………………………………………….11
5.4ConsulttheDictionaries……………...……………………………………………………………...12
Conclusion13
References14
Acknowledgement15
Abstract
EnvironmentalEngineeringispartofscientificEnglish,anditshighdegreeofdifficultyliesnotonlyintermsofitslargeandgrowingnumberofnewterms,butalsoinitsuniquecharacteristics.ScientificEnglishisatooldifferentfromtheordinaryEnglish.Asatoolforglobalcommunication,thespreadofEnglishinthetechnicalaspectsofscientifictheoriesplayadecisiverole.Therefore,understandingthecharacteristicsofEnglishvocabularyandtheirtranslationmethodsarehelpful,forteachersandworkersinthefield.ThisarticlecoverstheEnvironmentalEngineeringclassificationofitsvocabulary,itscomposition,itstranslationstrategy.
Keywords:
EnvironmentalEngineeringVocabulary;
translationskills
摘要
环境工程专业词汇的翻译属于科技英语翻译的范畴,其难度不仅在于其词汇的数目庞大和增长速度之快,而且还在于它独有的特征。
科技英语是有别于普通英语的工具性语言,作为全球交流的工具,科技英语在传播科学理论技术方面起着举足轻重的作用。
因此,了解科技英语词汇的特点,和翻译方法,对于从事教学或者是科技翻译工作者来说是一个必要的能力。
本文主要探讨了下面五个方面的问题:
1环境工程英语词汇的分类,
2环境工程英语词汇的构成,
3环境工程英语词汇翻译的策略,
4.翻译时词义的选择和表达,
5环境工程专业英语翻译者的基本素质。
关键词:
环境工程词汇翻译技巧
Introduction
TheinterpretationofenvironmentengineeringspecializedvocabularybelongstothetranslationofScientificEnglish.Itisdifficultnotonlybecauseofthelargeamount,butalsobecauseofitsrapidincrease.What'
smore,ithasitsowncharacteristics.SpecializedvocabularyisdifferentfromthecommonEnglish.Asthemostimportantmediaofglobalcommunication,specializedvocabularyisratherimportantintheareaofspreadingscientifictheoriesandtechnology.Socomprehendingthefeatureofspecializedvocabularyandtheinterpretingskillsareveryimportanttotheinstructorsandthetranslators.
Chapter1
TheClassificationofEnvironmentEngineeringEpecializedVocabulary
Environmentengineeringspecializedvocabularyincludestechnicalwords,sub/semi-technicalwordsandcommonwords.Theusingoftechnicalwordsarejustlimitedtosomespecialty;
sub/semi-technicalwordsaretransformedfromcommonwords,inadditiontotheirownmeaning,theyalsohaveothermeaningsindifferentsubjects.Inscientificandtechnicalliteratures,technicalwordsarelessthantechnicalwordsorsub/semi-technicalwords.
1.1TechnicalWords
Technicalwordsrefertothevocabulariesorglossarieswhichareonlysubject-based.Environmentengineeringspecializedvocabularyhaveaseriesofexactandnarrowwords.Thenaissanceofthesewordsalwaysgoeswiththedevelopmentofchemistry,physics,biologyorotherrelevantfieldsandthenaissanceofnewconcepts,newtheories,newtechnologiesornewproducts.
Forexample:
Theword‘photochemical’(光化学)inthephrase‘photochemicalsmog’(光化学烟雾)wascreatedbythescientistafterLondonsmogepisode.Thiswordisjustusedtodescribeakindofpollution,wecanhardlyseeitincommonwords.
1.2Sub/semi-technicalWords
Sub/semi-technicalwordsrefertothewordswhichwon'
tbeconfinedtothecontext.Thesewords'
frequencyofappearanceisalwaysveryhigh.Thesewordsarecommonwordsinusefulexpression,buthaveveryrigorousmeaningswhenbeusedintechnicalfields.
Wedefinethewordaeration(曝气)‘theprocessofexposingtoair(soastopurify)’indailylife,butasanenvironmentengineeringspecializeword,ithasaverynarrowmeaning.Itjustdescribesthewaywethrowmoreoxygenforciblytotheliquid.
1.3CommonWords
WordsinscientificEnglishliteraturearedifferentfromwhichincommonEnglish.InscientificEnglish,wordstendtobelongandbig.Forexample,
CommonwordsScientificEnglish
toagreetoconcur
tosendtotransmit
bettersuperior
enoughsufficient
OKsatisfactory
getsmallerdiminish
pushdowndepress
freshhandinexperiencedoperator
BycomparisonwecanfindthatcommonEnglishwordsareshorterandoftenhavedifferentmeanings;
scientificEnglishtendtobelongerandalwayshavesingleness.
InscientificEnglish,thedifferenceisnotabsolute.Withthetechnologyandsocietydeveloping,sometechnicalhavebeenbecomingcommonwords,suchasradio,televisionandsoon.Inthesightofrhetoric,theyarewrittenlanguageswithoutemotionalcoloring,appraiseortransferredmeaning.
Chapter2
TheFeaturesofEnvironmentEngineeringSpecializedVocabulary
Asatooltoexpatiateonscientificjudgmentusedbyresearchers,thevocabulariesarealwaysveryformalandexact,andhavepowerfulfunctionofinformation.SoscientificEnglishappearstoalotofuniquefeatures.
2.1LatinorGreekOrigin
AmajorityofthespecializedvocabulariesaremadeupoforcomefromGreekorLatin.Forexample,theword‘chlorophyll’wasmadeupofthetwoLatinwords:
‘chlor’and‘phyl’;
‘rectifier’borrow‘recti’fromLatin.BasedontheStatofAmericanscientificEnglishexpertOscarENybaken,intenthousandmostcommonEnglishwords,46%wordscomefromLatinand7.2%comefromGreek.Thispercentagewillbehigherwhenthewordsbecomemorespecialized.SowecansaythatLatinandGreekmorphemeisthemajorbaseofthemodernscientificEnglishanditwillalsobethemostimportantorigintocreatenewwords.LatinandGreekmorphemearewidelyusedmainlybecauseoftheidiosyncracyofGreekandLatinthemselves.
Aboveall,scientificvocabulariesdemandthatthemeaningsareexactlyandtheformareregular.Thesetwolanguagesarebothregularandbothhavethefeaturethatthewordmorphologiesareaptoticandthemeaningsareexactly.AnditisjustwhatthecomposingofscientificEnglishcallfor.What’smoreimportant,GreekandLatinishigherall-around,theybothhaveabundantaffixesandtheseaffixescancreatemanynewwordswithdifferentetyma.
2.2Affixation
Thecomposingofscientificvocabulariesdependsonthecombinationofmorphemes.
Affixationisaveryimportantwaytocomposenewwordsandalotofscientificwordscreateinthisway.Inthescientificwordswhichweoftenuse,about50prefixesappearfrequently,suchasanti-,auto-,contra-,ex-,intra-,mono-,pre-,syn-,semi-,trails-,thermo-,un-,andsoon;
postfixesareabout30,suchas-able,-al,-ic,-ise,-meterandsoon.
Becausemostscientificwordsaremadeupwithsomemorphemes,wecancomprehendbyanalogytogripthethousandsofwordsifwecandeeplygripthemeaningsofthemorphemesandcommandtheover1100basingmorphemes.Forexample,ifweknowtheperfix‘micro’,theetyma‘scop’andthepostfix‘ist’,wecaneasilyguessthemeaningof‘microscopist’.Evenifthewordisverylong,wecanalsogetthemeaningifweknowthebasingmorphemesoftheword.Forexample,thewordoctamethylpy-mphe-phoramideismadeupwithocta-,methyl-,pyro-,phosphorand–ide.
2.3CompoundsandShortening
2.3.1Compounds
Compoundsarenewwordswhicharemadeupoftwoormoresinglewords.Compoundsappearmorefrequentlythanothers,suchascompoundnouns:
letterbomb,waterpurificationsystem;
compoundverbs:
air—drop,soft—hand;
andcompoundadjectives.
2.3.2Shortening
Theotherflexibleword-buildingofscientificEnglishisshortening.Withtechnologydeveloping,theamountofshorteningisbiggerandbiggerandhasreached100,000.Theadvantageofshorteningisbrevityandinformative.Scientificshorteningmainlyincludes:
(1)Acronym,whichismadeupofthefirstletterofeachword,suchasmaser(maser-microwaveampliffcationbystimulatedemissionofradiation,微波激射器),bradar(biologicradiodetectionan
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