漫游火星Word文档格式.docx

漫游火星Word文档格式.docx

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smostessentialresource-water.（Squires）I'

veworkedonthequestionofwateronMarsfor28years,youcan'

tlearnwhatyouneedfromatelescope,andyoumustbeageologist,ageologistissortoflikeadetectiveatthesceneofacrime,somethinghappenedherealongtimeago,whathappened?

Wasitwarm?

Wasitwet?

Couldlifehaveexistedhere?

Thekeyisintheclues,andthecluesareintherocks,OnEarth,ageologistcanfindaninterestingrock,crackitopenwithahammerandjustlookatwhat'

sinside,Butwe'

renotreadytosendahumangeologisttoMarsyet,Sowehadtobuildarobotgeologist,andtheonlyplacethiscouldbedonewasNASA'

sJetPropulsionLaboratory,wheresomeofthemostinnovativeengineersinthecountrywork,We’retalkingaboutarobot,aroverthatcangotoMars,landonthesurface,takealookaroundandthencutthecordandgo-carryingeverythingitneedswithit-cameras,instruments,communicationequipment,everything,Somethingthatcanlookinsiderocksandcantelluswhatcluesthoserockshold,Thisplacetomeisalmostsacred,Thisistheplacewhereourroversareassembledbeforetheyleavethisplanet,Everythingthatwedointhisroommustbeperfect,Over4,000peoplehaveworkedonthismission,Foreverysinglepieceofthisspacecraft,downtothetiniestone,therewasapersonsomewherewhoconceivedit,whonurturedit,whotookitfromaconcepttosomethingreal,it’stakenthisteamthreeyearstodesignandbuildandtesttheserovers,andwestillhaveworktodo,Wecanonlylaunchwhenthetwoplanetsareproperlyaligned,andthat'

sjustamonthaway,butwestillhaveteststorun,We’reworkinginshifts,almostaroundtheclock,andwedon'

tknowifwe'

llmakeit,There'

snoonepersonwhocangettheirarmsaroundthisthingandsay’sunderstandeverythingaboutthisvehicle,it’snowbursttheboundsofourbrains,ThisroverismorethanjustarovinggeologistThisroveralsohastobeaspacecraft,itactuallyhastoflyitselffromEarthtoMars,inaddition,ithastodotheverysubtleandquicktimingcontrolofallthethingsthathappenasitentersandlandsthevehicle,Wehadtostuffallthatintelligenceandcapabilityintothatlittlesix-wheelvehiclebacktheresothatitcouldgettheresafelyonitsown,lcallourspacecraftthe'

'

origamispacecraft,’whichmeansit'

sreallyacomplicatedseriesoffolds,Wepunchedholesinthelander？

thewheelstosnakethrough。

We'

vehadtofoldeverythingintothesecomplicated？

getthissystemtofitinsidethis？

.It’sbeautiful,butataprice,andthatprice,inthiscase,iscomplexity.TherehavebeenmissionstoMarssincethe60s,therehavebeendozensofthem,buttwo-thirdsofthosemissionsfailed,Marsisaspacecraftgraveyard,Aspacecrafthastotravelabout300millionmilestogettoMarsatabout60,000milesanhour,butitstilltakessevenmonthstogetthere,TryingtohitourlandingsitesfromthatdistanceislikeshootingabasketballfromLosAngelestoNewYorkandhavingitgothroughthehoopwithouttouchingtherim,Thesmallestmistakeonourpartcouldputthewholemissioninjeopardy,TwoofthelastthreemissionstoMarswerefailures,Onespacecraftburnedintheatmosphere,theotheronecrashedonthesurface,Thistime,NASAdecidedtosendtwoidenticalspacecrafttodoubleourchancesofsuccessThetwo？

arenamed'

Spirit'

and'

Opportunity,'

Theyhaveverydifferentpersonalities,Theydidwhentheywerebabies,backwhenwewerefirstbuildingthem,’Spirit'

wasourtroublesomefirstborn,Everytestweran,itseemedweranon'

first,andthefirsttimeyoutryitusuallydoesn'

twork,We’druntestson'

andthey'

dfail,andwe'

dtrytofixthings,runanothertest,andthatwouldfail,too,Bythetimewegotto'

Opportunity,’we’dlearnedstuff,andthingswentmuchmoresmoothly,Thebiggestproblemwasunderestimatingthesizeandweightofthe？

Oncewerealizedhowbigtheyreallyhadtobe,wealsorealizedthatthelandingsystemweplannedtousecouldn'

tgetthemtothegroundingonepiece,Astherovergotheavier,thelandergotheavier,theaeroshellgotheavier,Thewholethinggotheavierandheavierandheavier,Fromtheverybeginning,onthismission,itseemedlikenothingwasgoingright,Theairbagsareliketheairbagsinyourcar,butwaymoreexpensive,Theyinflateexplosivelyaroundthevehicleandtheycushionthelanding,Thefirsttimewetestedthem,theytoreopenanddeflated,Setbacks-weknowtheyaregoingtohappenalwaystellpeople,whenyoustarttheseprojects,thesamethingprobablyhappenedto？

and？

intheirexploration–whatisguaranteedistherewillbesetbacks,3,2,1...Theparachutedesignwethoughtwouldworkrippedtoshreds,Thelanderhadgottensoheavythatthechutejustcouldn'

thandleit,Wewerepracticallyoutoftime,andallwehadwasachutedesignthatwoulddestroythespacecraftwhenwetriedtoland,Wehadtobuildawholenothersetofnewdesigns–nolessthanthreeorfourdesignswehadtotestinthethreemonthsthatfollowedincurmadrushtomakeittothelaunchpadWewererunningoutofmoney,wewererunningoutoftime,Thedropwassuccessful,Thefactthattheparachuteexploded-notagoodthing,I’dratherhaveithappenherethan,,,Mars,That'

sright,Unfortunately,strictlyspeaking,thatchutethatjustexplodedwasthechutethatwewereplanningontakingtoMars,Marsisatoughplacebosendaspacecraft,Theaveragetemperatureis60degreesbelowzero,itgoesdownto100belowzeroatnight,Therecanbeduststormsthatdarkentheskiesformonthsatatime,Butiftheroversmakeit,they'

llgiveustheexperienceofwhatitwouldbeliketobeonMars,We'

llbeabletolookoffintothedistanceandsay,'

Yeah,I’dliketogothere,'

andthenactuallygoandseewhatwefind,Therover'

sarmhasthesame?

ofahumanarm-withashoulder,anelbowandawrist,Thearmtucksuptightunderthefrontofthevehicleforwhenwedrivearound,butwhenwegettoarockthatwewanttoexamine,thearmunstopsandreachesout,usingallofitsjointstoplacetheinstrumentsonarockandtobegintostudythem,Thehandhasfourfingers,Oneisamicroscope,twoare?

totellusingdetailwhattherocksaremadeof,andthefourthoneiscalledtheRAT-theRockAbrasionTool,Toexaminetherocks,we'

vegottogettothem,andMarsisverybumpy,Sotodealwithbumps,engineerscameupwithasomethingcalledthe'

rocker-bogie'

suspensionsystem,it’saverycleverdesignthatallowseachofthesixwheelstogoupandoverarockindependentlywhiletheroveritselfhardlytiltsatall,.“OK,comeon,guys,Now,stayandwatchit,watchit,Stayclearofthis,'

causeit'

sgonnamove,OK,watch,watchthewheels…”itgoeswaybeyondthissinglemission,TheeventualgoalistosendhumanstoMars,butthefirstpersontowalkonMarsisnotanastronauttoday,it’ssomeoneinhighschoolorinelementaryschool.“Soit'

sturninginplace,then,whenitgetslinedupjustright,we'

regonnadriveitbackwards.”We'

veinvestedsomuchwork,somanyyears,somuchofourhopesandourdreamsintotheserovers.Andthenwhenyouthinkaboutwherethey'

regoing,theridethey'

regonnagetonthatrocket,thetransitthroughspace,whatit'

slikewhenthatparachutegoesoutatmach2,goingthroughtheMartianatmosphere.You'

restandingnexttothislittlerobotandyourealizeit'

sgonnaspendeternityonthesurfaceofanotherworld,it’sgoingtoanotherplanet,forreal.Andoncethey'

regone,that'

sit,Aftertheroverslaunch,we'

renevergonnaseethemagainwithourowneyes,We'

vedoneeverythingwecantoprepareforthedangersthey'

llhavetoface,butit'

sgonnabeveryhardtosaygoodbye.'

willbelaunchedfirst,andthen'

Opportunity'

threeweekslater,MarsandEartharebotharoundingthesun,sothey'

realwaysmovingrelativetoeachother.Every26months,there'

sabriefintervalwhentheplanetsarelinedupjustright,Atthattime,andonlyatthattime,wehaveenoughrocketfueltomakeit,Sothisisouroneshot.5，4，3，2，1...Wedon'

tfirearocketmotorallthewaytoMars,Wedon'

tneedto,WejustplacethespacecraftonatrajectorytoMars,andletitcoastfor7monthsand300millionmilesuntilitreachestheplanet.“Onceit'

sbeenpushedonitswaytoMarsbythelaunchvehicle,.ithastomaintainitsorientationtowardthesun.Soallthathastotakeplaceoverthecourseoftheseven-monthjourneysothatitwouldhitMarsandgettothisverytinyspotonMarswe'

reaimingfor,andi