版高考英语一轮复习第一编教材回眸Unit2Cloning讲义新人教版选修8Word文档格式.docx
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版高考英语一轮复习第一编教材回眸Unit2Cloning讲义新人教版选修8Word文档格式.docx
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Itisverytasty.
W:
Asamatteroffact,Idon'
tcareforseafood.
Really?
Whataboutthegreenvegetables?
Ilikeanythingbutseafood.
Text2
I'
mgoingtodropmyinformationscienceclass.Ineedtogetuptooearlyinthemorning.
Isthatreallythegoodreasontodroptheclass,Tony?
Text3
Animals,includinginsects,donothavealanguagelikeours.Theydonottalktoeachotherinwordsorsentences.Butifwewatchthem,wecanseethattheydohavewaysofcommunicating.
Canyouseetherabbits'
tail?
Whenrabbitsseethiswhitetailmovingupanddown,theyarewarningeachothertorun.Theyknowthatthereisdanger.Whenabeehasfoundsomefood,itgoesbacktoitshome.Itcannottelltheotherbeeswherethefoodisbyspeakingtothem,butitdoesalittledanceintheair.Thistellsthebeeswherethefoodis.Someanimalssaythingsbymakingsound.Adogbarks,forexamplewhenastrangercomesnear.Acatpurrswhenpleased.Somebirdsmakeseveraldifferentsounds,eachwithitsownmeaning.
Sometimeswehumanbeingsspeakinthesameway.Wemakesoundslike“Oh”or“Ah!
”whenwearefrightenedorpleasedorwhenwedropsomethingonourtoes.Ofthings,actions,feelingsorideas,weareabletogiveeachotherallkindsofdifferentexpressing.Butwehavesomethingthatnoanimalshave—alargenumberofwordswhichhavethemeanings,informationinwordsandsentences,whichnootheranimalscando.Nootheranimalshavesowonderfulalanguageaswehave.
1.核心单词
(1)differ(vi.)不同;
相异→difference(n.)不同;
差异→different(adj.)不同的
(2)cast(vt.)扔;
投;
掷→cast(过去式/过去分词)
(3)object(vi.)反对;
不赞成→objection(n.)反对;
不赞成;
异议
(4)obtain(vt.)获得;
赢得→obtainable(adj.)可获得的;
可得到的
(5)owe(vt.)欠(账、钱、人情等);
归功于……→owing(adj.)欠着的;
未付的
(6)retire(vi.)退休;
离开→retirement(n.)退休;
退职→retired(adj.)退休的
(7)bother(vt.)打扰(vi.)操心(n.)烦扰
(8)strike(vt.&
vi.)打;
撞击;
罢工(n.)罢工→struck(过去式/过去分词)
(9)vain(adj.)虚荣的;
自负的;
徒劳的
(10)resist(vt.)抵抗;
对抗→resistance(n.)抵抗力;
反抗→resistant(adj.)有抵抗力的
2.阅读单词
(1)exact(adj.)精确的;
准确的
(2)commercial(adj.)商业的;
贸易的
(3)undertake(vt.)着手;
从事;
承担
(4)breakthrough(n.)突破
(5)procedure(n.)程序;
步骤;
手续
(6)forbid(vt.)禁止;
不准
(7)accumulate(vt.&
vi.)积累;
聚积
(8)assumption(n.)假定;
假想;
设想
(9)regulation(n.)规则;
规章;
法规
(10)reasonable(adj.)合情理的;
讲道理的;
公道的
【即景活用】
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Hisexplanationwasnot________(reason),soallofusdidn'
tacceptit.
reasonable
2.Fromtheappearance,wecannottellthe________(differ)betweenthetwins.
difference
3.Afterhis_______(retire),hesettleddowninaremotevillage.
retirement
4.Greydecidedtomovetothecountrysideandhismothermadeno________(object)toit.
objection
5.WhatIwantis________(exact)thisone.
exactly
6.Wecan'
t________(undertake)theworkforthetimebeing.
undertake
7.Itisdifficult________(obtain)reliableevidence.
toobtain
8.Weareplayingatrickonamanwhokeeps________(bother)me.
bothering
9.Hisownpride________(forbid)himtoaskTom'
shelp.
forbids
10.Willtheybeable________(resist)thetemptationtobuy?
toresist
联想积累
1.快速掌握“获得”家族
①receive收到,得到(信、命令、请帖等);
接受(欢迎,请愿等)
②get获得;
赚得;
赢得
③obtain得到,获得;
达到(目的)
④acquire获得;
招致;
学得;
养成(习惯等)
⑤gain获得;
赢得,打胜(战争、官司)
⑥beavailable可以得到的,可以买到的
2.巧记合成词
①falldown→downfall垮台
②gettogether→gettogether聚会
③breakthrough→breakthrough突破
④breakout→outbreak爆发
1.all_the_time一直;
始终
2.pay_off得到好结果;
取得成功;
偿清
3.cast_down使失望;
使沮丧
4.in_favour_of赞成;
支持
5.(be)boundto(do)...一定或注定(做)……
6.strike...intoone'
sheart使……刻骨铭心
7.fromtimetotime不时;
偶尔
8.bringbacktolife使复生;
使复活
9.invain白费力气;
枉费心机
10.ingood/poorcondition状况很好/坏;
情况很好/坏
用所给短语的适当形式填空
castdown,invain,payoff,fromtimetotime,inpoorcondition,bringbacktolife
1.Thehouseisreally________anditwouldcosttoomuchtorepair.
inpoorcondition
2.Shehassucceeded.Sheispleasedthatherdevotiontostudyinghas________.
paidoff
3.Withalltheefforts________,hewasverydesperate,fallingill.
invain
4.Trafficaccidentshappen________onthisroad.
fromtimetotime
5.Aftertheearthquake,thevillagewas________withthevillagers'
efforts.
broughtbacktolife
6.Hewas________bythesadnews.
castdown
1.“动词+副词”回顾再记
①breakdown坏掉;
分解;
被搞垮
②breakup打碎;
结束;
解散
③bringdown降低;
降落
④comeout出现;
出版;
结果是
⑤cutdown砍倒;
削减
⑥getover克服
⑦makeout辨认出;
填写;
理解
⑧putaway收起;
储存
⑨setaside拨出;
置于一旁
⑩setoff出发;
引爆
2.heart常见搭配
①loseheart灰心
②heartandsoul全心全意地
③strike...intoone'
sheart使……刻骨铭心
④putone'
sheartinto...用心对待;
全心全意
⑤loseone'
sheartto喜欢;
爱上
1.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
2.Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.
其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病,这些动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
【句式仿写】
1.Thedooropenedand____________(冲了出去)thechildren.
outrushed
2.______________(优点)ofsmiling__________itcannotonlymakeushappy,butalsopleaseothers.
Theadvantage;
isthat
1.当then,now,here,there,away,off,in,out等副词置于句首,主语是名词且谓语动词是be,come,go,lie,run等时,句子应完全倒装。
当句子主语是人称代词时,主谓语不倒装。
2.Theadvantageisthat...类似句式一览
Theadvantageisthat...“优势是……”,此处that引导表语从句。
①Theadvantage/strengthof...isthat...……的优势是……
②Thedisadvantageof...isthat...……的不足是……
③Thedrawbackof...isthat...……的缺点是……
④Theproblemof...isthat...……的问题是……
⑤Thechancesare(that)...有可能……
[单词点津]
objection n.不赞成;
反对;
[教材原句]Ontheotherhand,Dolly'
sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.
另一方面,多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对,对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。
(1)raiseanobjectiontosth.对某事提出异议
make/take/haveanobjectionto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事
(2)objectn.物体;
目标 vi.反对;
不赞成
objecttosb./sth.反对某人/某事
objecttodoingsth.反对做某事
objectthat...反对……
(3)objectiveadj.真实的;
客观的;
无偏见的
【特别提醒】
(1)objectto中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
(2)object表示“反对”,为不及物动词,接宾语需加介词
to;
oppose表示“反对”,为及物动词,接宾语不需加介词。
beopposedto...表示“反对……,和……相反”。
单句语法填空
①Manypeopleraisedan________(object)tothenewsreport,arguingthatitwasnotobjective.
②Ihavenoobjection________yourgoing,butyoumustpromisetocomebackbeforeten.
③Doyouhaveanyobjectionto________(change)yourworkinghours?
①objection ②to ③changing
forbid vt.(forbade/forbad,forbidden)禁止;
不准
[教材原句]Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning...
有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度,禁止进行克隆人的研究……
forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事
forbidsb.todosth.=forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事
beforbiddentodosth.被禁止做某事
forbidthat...禁止……(从句中常用should+动词原形)
Itisforbiddentodosth.做某事是被禁止的
[图解助记]
(1)单句语法填空
①Thenewlawforbids________(smoke)inoffices.
②Theguardforbadeus________(look)outofthewindowwhenthetrainwasmoving.
③Forthiswriterthereisnosuchthingasa________(forbid)topic.
①smoking ②tolook/fromlooking ③forbidden
(2)单句改错
Itisforbidtoswimintheriveralone.
_________________________________________________
forbid→forbidden
owe vt.欠(钱、账、人情等);
归功于;
感激
[教材原句]Youowetheladyanapology.
你必须向这位女士道歉。
(1)owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某人某物;
把……归功于某人
oweittosb.that...多亏某人……
owesb.anapology该向某人道歉
owethankstosb.感谢某人
(2)owingadj.欠着的;
owingto=becauseof=onaccountof=dueto因为;
由于
如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句,可使用it作形式宾语,将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。
如:
Heowesittohisdoctor'
scarethatheisquitewellagain.
他恢复得很好,他把这归功于医生的照顾。
①Heoweshisgoodhealth________plentyofexerciseandaregularlife.
②Heowed________tohisfirstteacherofEnglishthathehadagoodpronunciation.
③Shehadaheadache,________(owe)totheweatherhere,butsheisnowaccustomedtoit.
①to ②it ③owing
strike v.(struck,struck)打;
罢工 n.罢工
[教材原句]...proveshowtheideastruckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople'
shearts.
……证明了这一想法使人们感到既恐惧又兴奋。
(1)strike...intoone'
sheart使……刻骨铭心
bestruckby/with被……击中/打动/感动
Itstrikes/hits/occurstosb.that...某人突然想起……
Sth.strikes/hits/occurstosb.某人突然想起……
(2)go/beonstrike举行罢工/在罢工
①Don'
tstriketerror________myheart.
②________struckmethatIwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.
①into ②It
(2)完成句子
Thevisitors____________thebeautyofthetouristarea.
游客被旅游区的美景迷住了。
werestruckby/with
[短语点拨]
payoff得到好结果;
[教材原句]Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthrough-thecloningofDollythesheep.
但是,科学家们的决心和耐心最终得到了回报,这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。
(1)完成句子
①Theworkisstarting________.
这些努力开始奏效/取得成功。
②Whatdelightedhimwasthatafteralltheseyearsheatlast________allhisdebts.
使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。
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