厦门大学 阅读及英美文学语言学基础真题Word格式.docx

厦门大学 阅读及英美文学语言学基础真题Word格式.docx

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招生专业：

英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言

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PartOneReadingComprehension70points

Passage1

In1575—over400yearsago—theFrenchscholarLouisLeRoypublishedaleanedbookinwhichhevoiceddespairoverthechangescausedbythesocialandtechnologicalinnovationsofhistime,whatwenowcalltheRenaissance.Wealsofeelthatourtimesareoutofjoint;

weevenhavereasontobelievethatourdescendantswillbeworseoffthanweare.

Theearthwillsoonbeovercrowdedanditsresourcesexhausted.Pollutionwillruintheenvironment,upsetheclimate,damagehumanhealth.Thegapinlivingstandardsbetweentherichandthepoorwillwidenandleadtheangry,hungrypeopleoftheworldtoactsofdesperationincludingtheuseofnuclearweaponsasblackmail.Sucharetheinevitableconsequencesofpopulationandtechnologicalgrowthifpresenttrendscontinue.

Thefutureisneveraprojectionofthepast.Animalsprobablyhavenochoicetoescapefromthetyrannyofbiologicalevolution,buthumanbeingsareblessedwiththefreedomofsocialevolution.Forus,trendisnotdestiny.Theescapefromexistingtrendsisnowfacilitatedbythefactthatsocietiesanticipatefuturedangersandtakepreventivestepsagainstexpectedchanges.

Despitethewidespreadbeliefthattheworldhasbecometoocomplexforcomprehensionbythehumanbrain,modernsocietieshaveoftenrespondedeffectivelytocriticalsituations.Thedecreaseinbirthrates,thepartialprohibitionofpesticidesandtherethinkingoftechnologicaloftheproductionanduseofenergyarebutafewexamplesillustratingasuddenreversaloftrendscausednotbypoliticalupsetsorscientificbreakthroughs,butbypublicawarenessofconsequences.

Evenmorestrikingarethesituationsinwhichsocialattitudesconcerningfuturedifficultiesundergorapidchangesbeforetheproblemshavecometopass—witnesstheheatedargumentsabouttheproblemsofbehaviourcontrolandofgeneticengineeringeventhoughthereisasyetnoproofthateffectivemethodscanbedevelopedtomanipulatebehaviourandgenesonapopulationscale.

Oneofthecharacteristicsofourtimesisthustherapiditywithwhichstepscanbetakentochangetheorientationofcertaintrendsandeventoreversethem.Suchchangesusuallyemergefromgrassrootmovementsratherthanfromofficialdirectives.

1.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1?

A）Futurewillalwaysbeworseoffthanpresent

B）Worryaboutfutureseemstobeinheritedinhumanbeings.

C）Itisunnecessarytoworryaboutfuture

D）Itisjustifiedtoworryaboutfuture

2.Accordingtothereadingselection,ifpresenttrendscontinue,whichoneofthefollowingsituationswillnotoccur?

A）Anoverpopulatedearthwillbeunabletosustainitsinhabitants.

B）Therichwillbecomericherandthepoorwillbecomepoorer.

C）Newsourcesofenergyformvastcoaldepositswillbesubstitutedforthesoon-to-be-exhaustedresourcesofoilandnaturalgas

D）Theeffectsofpollutionwillrendertheearthanditsatmosphereathreattomankind.

3.Thebestillustrationofthemeaningof“trendisnotdestiny”inPara.3is______.

A）humanbeingsareblessedwiththefreedomofsocialevolution

B）theworldhasbecometoocomplexforcomprehensionbyhumanbrain

C）criticalprocessedcanovershootandcausecatastrophes

D）theearthwillsoonbeovercrowdedanditsresourcesexhausted

4.Accordingtothepassage,evidencesoftheinsightofthepublicintodangerwhichsurrounduscanbefoundinallofthefollowingexcept______.

A）adeclineinbirthrate

B）oppositiontotheuseofpesticides

C）publicmeetingstocomplainaboutdumpingchemicalsinpowerproductionandenergyuse

D）anincreaseinthemilitarybudgetbythepresident

5.Theauthorisinfavouriftheopinionthat______.

A）nuclearweaponswon’tplayaprominentroleindealingsamongpeople

B）peoplefeelpowerlesswhenconfrontedwiththesuddenreversaloftrendcausedbyscientificadvances

C）modernscientistsandthepublicareconsciousofthefuturedangersandreadytotake

D）ourtimeischaracterizedbythetrendofrapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywhichisinevitableandirreversible

Passage2

Whentheprivateautomobilebegantoarriveonthesceneearlyinthiscentury,mosturbanandruralareasenjoyedratheradequatepublictransitsystems.Infact,theelectrictram—hereinthiscountrycalledstreetcarortrolley—wasconqueringtheworld.Itwasclearlyatimetorecognizeandappreciateagoodthingwhenonesawis.Andgoodtheywere,thoseelectricstreetrailways.

Wecouldconsiderforeverastowhethertheauthoritiesstoppedtothinkhardenoughabouttheimplicationsoftheprivatecar,whichwasinitiallyintendedonlyforthedistinguished.Iftheyhad,theircorrectconclusioncouldhardlyhavebeenanythingelsebutsevereshrinkageifnotatotalprohibition.Nothingofthesortdidhappen,andthedisastrousconsequenceshavebeenwithuseversince—andtheyaregettingworseallthetime.

Whilefeelingsorryforthisdevelopment,mostcommentatorstakeforgrantedthatitistoolatetoreversethiscourseofevents;

thecostswouldbeprohibitive,toomanypeoplewouldresist,andwewouldbeleftwithwpermanentfeelingofregretandshameforallthewastedresources,human,monetaryandnatural,ifweshouldhavetostartallover.

Nevertheless,anoppositeviewpresentsitself.Thoughitwouldhavebeenvastlypreferableifgovernmentshadalwayspaidattentiontotheoldsaying,“Toruleistoforesee”,thetrendinthiscenturyhasbeen“Seeingisbelieving”.Iftheprivatecarhadbeenstoppedsuddenly,peoplewouldhavecontinuedtothirstforit,refusingtobelievethattravelingbycarsimplycouldnotworkonanylargescale.Sothelesson,howevercostlyithasbeen,maybeseenashistoricallyunavoidableamongpeoplewhoarelessthanperfect.

Havingcometothisconclusion,weoughttobeginimmediatelywithagradualwithdrawalofprivateautosinfavourofpublictransitvehicles.Oneparticularobstaclemustbeovercomeinthiseffort:

thefalseideathatweneedmasstransitonlyduringrushhours,andthatcarsarenoprobleminthequietoftheday.

Inmyopinion,masstransitshouldbebuiltupasrapidlyaspossibletobecomesoattractivethatmoreandmorepeoplewilldecideforreplacingtheircarswhenthetimeisup,for,ashasbeenstressedinmuchoftheliteratureonthesubject,today’spopulationhasnotreallychosenthem.Instead,forlackofanalternative,theautowasforcedonus.

6.Theauthorconsidersthedisastrousconsequencesbroughtaboutbytheprivatecarasunavoidablebecause_______.

A）itistoolatetoreversethedevelopmentoftheprivatecar

B）manypeoplewillresistthischangebecauseofalltheresourceswasted

C）peoplewillnotdiscardtheprivatecaruntiltheyareawareofitsgraveside

D）thegovernmentfailedtopayattentiontotheoldsaying:

“Toruleistoforesee”.

7.Whentheprivateautomobilecameintobeingearlyinthiscentury,________.

A）theauthoritiesdidnotthinkhardenoughaboutitsimplications

B）theauthoritiesgaveuptheirinitialoppositiontothistransportationmeans

C）thepublictransitsystemcouldnolongermeettheever-increasingdemandsofthepublic

D）theelectrictramwasalreadyonthedeclineinfaceofthemoreadvancedtransitmeans

8.WhentheauthorsayinParagraph3“Iftheyhad,theircorrectconclusioncouldhardlyhavebeenanythingelsebutsevereshrinkageifnotatotalprohibition.”,hemeans_______.

A）theauthoritieswererightintheissueofprivatecars.

B）itwaswrongtogetridofprivatecars.

C）itistimetoprohibitprivatecars.

D）theauthoritiesmadecorrectdecisionsaboutprivatecars.

9.Theword“perfect”（inPara.4）mostprobablymeans_________.

A）accurateB）faultlessC）skilfulD）ultimate

10.Intheauthor’sopinion,thegeneralpublicareusingtheprivatecarbecause_________.

A）theythinkitisnoprobleminthequietoftheday

B）thereishardlyenoughpublictransitavailableinmostareas

C）itpresentsanirresistibleattractiontothem

D）theydonothaveasatisfactorysubstitute

Passage3

Within80years,somescientistsestimate,theworldmustproducemorethaneighttimesthepresentworldfoodsupply.Theproductivenessofthesearaisesourhopesforanadequatefoodsupplyinthefuture.Aidedbymenofscience,wehavesetforthtofindoutthat70percentoftheearthremainsunexplored—theoceandepths.Thus,wemaybetterdiscoverandutilizethesea’snaturalproductsfortheworld’shungry.

Itisfishproteinconcentratethatissoughtfromtheseas.ByutilizingtheunharvestedfishinUnitedStateswatersalone,enoughfishproteinconcentratecanbeobtainedtoprovidesupplementalanimalproteinforonebillionpeopleforoneyearatthecostoflessthanhalfacentperdayperperson.Themalnutritionofchildrenisterriblytragic.Butthecrimeliesinsociety’sunrestrainedbreeding,notinitsnegligenceinproducingfishpowder,butwhereverthepopulationprojectsarecarefullyconsidered,theanswertotheproblemissomethinglikethis:

Therearefewprojectsthatcoulddomoretoraisethenutritionallevelofmankindthanafull-scalescientificefforttodeveloptheresourcesofthesea.Eachyearsomethirtymilliontonsoffoodproductsaretakenfromthesea,whichaccountfor12percentoftheworld’sanimalproteins.Nationswiththeirswellingpopulationsmustpushforwardintotheseafrontiersforfoodsupply.Privateindustr