学年人教版英语必修四新素养同步讲义Unit 3 A taste of English humour 4 Section Ⅳ GrammarWord文档格式.docx
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学年人教版英语必修四新素养同步讲义Unit 3 A taste of English humour 4 Section Ⅳ GrammarWord文档格式.docx
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这个论点很令人信服。
◆Hisperformanceisveryentertaining,whichbringsusmuchpleasure.
他的表演非常有趣,给我们带来很大的乐趣。
不定式和动词ed形式也可作表语,但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作,动词ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。
2.动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。
◆Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.
=Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
【即时演练1】——单句语法填空
①Hisjobisveryboring(bore),buthehastodependonittosupporthisfamily.
②Thisresultisverydisappointing(disappoint)andwedon’tknowwhattosay.
③Itwasamazing(amaze)thathedidn’tkeephiswordasbefore.
动词ing形式作定语
动名词和现在分词都可以作定语,但有所区别。
1.动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途,相当于for引导的介词短语。
◆Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
◆Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
2.现在分词作定语时,它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系,表示所修饰词进行的动作,相当于一个定语从句。
◆Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.
=Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
◆Thegirlperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.
=Thegirlwhoisperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.
那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。
现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别:
现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作;
过去分词表示被动或完成意义;
不定式表示动作尚未发生。
◆Youshouldadapttothechangingsituation.
你应该适应不断变化的形势。
◆Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.
地上满是落叶。
◆I’mlookingforaroomtolivein.
我正在找房子住。
【即时演练2】——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Grandmacameintomybedroomwithawalking(walk)stickinherhand.
②Ican’tgowithyou,forIhavealotofworkto__do(do).
③(2019·
全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacallsaying(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwasajoke.
④正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
→The__man__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.
→The__man__who__is__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.
动词ing形式作宾语补足语
动词ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。
动词ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等)+sb.+doingsth.(作宾补)。
◆Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
◆Isawthelittleboycryingthere.
我看到小男孩在那儿哭。
2.表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have,let,keep,get,leave等)+sb./sth.+doingsth.(作宾补)。
◆Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
◆Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。
接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示“让某人做某事”;
接过去分词作宾语补足语,表示“主语请某人做某事,使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。
◆Becareful,oryou’llhaveyourhandshurt.
当心,否则会弄伤手的。
3.用于with复合结构中。
◆Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.
由于噪音不断,我没法做家庭作业。
◆Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.
这么多人看着她,她感到紧张。
【即时演练3】——单句语法填空
①WhenIpassedbyhisoffice,Iheardhimsinging(sing)aChinesesong.
②Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeoplesurrounding(surround)her,shefeltverynervous.
③WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomenarguing(argue).
④Abeggarinragsstoodtherewithhiseyesstaring(stare)atthesteakontheplate.
⑤Hehadthewallspainted(paint)thismorning.
单句语法填空
1.Thevillagerssawthefireburningbrightlyinthedistance.Whentheyhurriedthere,theyfoundsomehousesburnttothegroundalready.(burn)
2.Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstanding(stand)attheentrance.
3.Hisfatherpromisedtobuyhimaracing(race)carwhenhegraduatedfromcollege.
4.Thewomanlooking(look)athermapisarelativeofmymother.
5.Tomyjoy,studentsstudying(study)inthisschoolarefriendlytome.
6.Wandering(wander)alongthestreet,Frederickcaughtsightofanoldfriend.
7.YesterdayIrequestedElizabethto__give(give)mesomeadviceonmyEnglishstudy.
8.Watchingthechildrenplaying(play)basketballexcitedlyontheplayground,Icouldn’thelpjoiningthem.
9.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhimlying(lie)onabench,withhiseyesfixed(fix)onakiteinthesky.
10.Itwasareallyterrifying(terrify)experience.Afterwards,everybodywasveryshocked(shock).
单句改错
1.Theman’sjobisdealwithtourists’complaints.deal→dealing
2.TomlefthischildrenwatchTVwhilehewascooking.watch→watching
3.Thesatisfyingsmileonhisfacesuggeststhathehasgotthejob.satisfying→satisfied
4.Youmayfinditsurprisedthatthelittlegirlcanspeaksixforeignlanguagesfluently.surprised→surprising
5.Doyouknowtheyoungladysatinthemiddleofthefirstrow?
sat→sitting
语法与写作
1.在“地球日”前的一周,我们学校就贴出大海报,号召我们学生为建立一个更加环保的地球而行动起来。
AweekbeforeEarthDay,abigposterwasputuponcampus,calling__on__us__students__to__take__actionforagreenerearth.
2.鸟儿在树上歌唱,满眼绿色,我感到既快乐又放松。
With__birds__singing__in__the__treeandeverythingsogreen,Ifeelverydelightedandrelaxed.
3.我们白天不应该开着灯。
Weshouldn’tkeep__our__lights__burningintheday.
4.让他不高兴的是他把他最喜欢的自行车丢了。
Whathasmadehimunhappyislosing__his__favourite__bike.
5.很多学生不喜欢那些无聊到让人想睡着的演讲。
Manystudentsdon’tlikethoseboring__speecheswhichmakethemfallasleep.
6.安德鲁喜欢看窗外一列列驶过的火车。
Andrewlikeswatching__the__trains__going__byfromthewindow.
1.Shewasaninspiring(inspire)teacherandagiftedscientisttoherfollowers.
2.Denny,doyouknowthegirlreading(read)Alice’sAdventuresinWonderlandoverthere?
3.Theresearchersfinditsurprising(surprise)thatthewordsarestillclearenoughtoreadafter2,000years.
4.Nickisworriedthathecan’tgetpromoted,butIthinkit’ssillyto__worryaboutthingswhichareoutofhiscontrol.(worry)
5.Isawseveralchildrenmaking(make)abigsnowmanintheyardwhenIpassedby.
6.Iwaslisteningtoanamusing(amuse)programmeontheradio,whichmademelaughout.
7.Theshockingnewsthathediedlastnightmadeeveryonedeeplyshocked.(shock)
8.Themansayspleasing(please)customersisoneofthebestwaysbusinessshouldfollow.
9.Hecameintotheofficewithadepressed(depress)lookbecauseoflosinghispurseinthemorning.
10.Withtheloveofherparentssurrounding(surround)her,shefeltveryhappy.
阅读理解
Childrenexperienceadvertisinginmanyforms—onTV,radio,magazines,newspapers,movies,theInternet,textmessages,socialmedia(媒体)andmore.Andadvertisingworksonchildren.Forexample,themoreTVachildwatches,themoretoysthatchildislikelytowantandaskfor.Thisiswhyit’simportantforchildrentolearnthatadvertisementsaretryingtomakepeoplepurchasesomething.Andadvertisersalwaysaimtomaketheirproductslookgood,perhapsevenbetterthantheyreallyare.
Advertisingaffectschildrenindifferentways.Howchildrenthinkofadvertisingcandependonseveralthings,includingtheirage,whattheyknoworhaveexperienced.
At0-2years,childrencan’ttellthedifferencebetweenadvertisingandactualprograms.
At3-6years,childrencanrecognizeadvertisementsandtellthemfromprograms,buttheydon’tunderstandthatadsaretryingtosellsomething.Andtheyarelikelytothinkofadvertisementsasbeingfunny.
At7-11years,whenchildrengotoprimaryschool,theycanunderstandthatadvertisementsaretryingtosellthemsomething,rememberadvertisingmessagesandrecognizesomeadvertisingtechniques(策略)likeadvertisementsoverstating(夸大)howgoodproductsare.However,theymightnotalwaysunderstandthatproductsaren’tasgoodasadvertisementssaytheyare,orthatadvertisersmightnotbetellingthemanyoftheproducts’badpoints.
Tolimittheeffectsofadvertisingonschoolagechildren,themostimportantthingparentscandoistalkaboutadvertisementsandencouragetheirchildrentothinkaboutwhatthey’retryingtodo.
It’sagoodideatofocusontheadvertisementsthatachildseesmostoften.Forexample,parentscangettheirchildrenthinkinganddevelopingaquestioningattitude.Inotherwords,what’stheproductinthisadvertisement?
Whatisitfor?
Whoisitfor?
Theycanalsoasktheirchildrenaboutthetechniquesthatarebeingusedtosellaproduct.Thiscanhelpthemworkouthowanadvertisementmakesitsproductlookgood.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了孩子们对广告的认知以及如何引导孩子正确看待广告。
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“purchase”inParagraph1mean?
A.Watch. B.Say.
C.Buy.D.Discuss.
C 解析:
词义猜测题。
根据第一段中的Forexample,themoreTVachild...wantandaskfor.可知,孩子们电视看得越多,想要买的东西越多,那么作为父母应该让孩子们知道广告的目的就是说服人们“购买”东西。
2.Whatdochildrenaged0-2thinkofadvertisements?
A.Theyareprettyfunny.
B.Theyaretryingtoselltoys.
C.Theyarebeingshowninmanyways.
D.Theyarenodifferentfromotherprograms.
D 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段At0-2years,childrencan’ttell...actualprograms.可知,0-2岁的孩子认为广告和其他节目没有区别。
3.Atwhatagecanchildrenknowadvertisementsarenottellingthetruth?
A.2.B.3.
C.5.D.8.
根据第五段中的recognizesomeadvertisingtechniques(策略)...goodproductsare可知,7-11岁的孩子逐渐能够判断出广告中的内容有夸大成分,并非全部属实。
4.Howcanparentslimittheinfluenceofad
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