定语从句Word格式文档下载.docx
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定语从句Word格式文档下载.docx
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考点二:
有哪些情况关系代词不用that,而用which,who,whom?
1.Hemadethesamemistakesagain,whosemadehisparentsveryangry.
2.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,whosecostmemorethan100yuan.
3.MrSmith,whogaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.
4.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,whomIhaven’tmetforalongtime.
注:
a)在非限制性定语从句中,指事物用which,指人用who或whom.
b)在介词后面,指事物用which,指人用whom.
Herbag,inwhichsheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.
Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.
XiaoWang,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.
考点三:
在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?
方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配
1.Thegirlforwhomhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.
2.HeisthemanonwhomIthinkyoucandepend.
3.HereferredtosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.
方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配
1.Hemadeaholeinthewall,throughwhichhecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutsidethehouse.
2.ThelibrarianwithwhomIjustshookhandsworksheartandsoul.
方法3、根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配
1.Therateatwhichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.
2.Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontof(在前面)whichthereisateacher’sdesk.
考点四:
名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom知多少?
Rewritethefollowingsentences
1.Thecommitteeconsistsof20membersand5ofthemarewomen.
Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5ofwhomarewomen.
2.Thebookcontains50poems,andmostofthemwerewrittenin1930s.
Thebookcontains50poems,mostofwhichwerewrittenin1930s.
3.Ihaveasentence,andthemeaningofitIdon’tunderstand.
Ihaveasentence,themeaningofwhichIdon’tunderstand.
名词/代词/数词+of+表示物用which/表示人用whom
考点五:
如何恰当使用when,where,why与which,that引导的定语从句?
1.先行词是表示地点,时间,原因的名词或含有地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词,用来引导定语从句.when,where,why在从句中作状语.相当于相应的介词+which
2.若定语从句缺主语或宾语,用which或that引导定语从句。
Thisisthetown______________Ispentmychildhood.
Thelibrary_____________youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.
I’llneverforgettheday____________wefirstmetinthepark.
I’llneverforgetthetime__________Ispentwithyou.
Thisisthereason_________________Ididn’tcomehere.
Thereason__________shegavewasnottrue.
考点六:
如何用好whose引导的定语从句?
whose表示所属关系
Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.
Thereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.
A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhom
C.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose
考点七:
as和which的区别知多少?
as作为关系代词,既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做主语、宾语或表语.
as引导的限制性定语从句,此时先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰,即构成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,as…as结构,做题时容易忽略。
提示:
在做有关定语从句题目时,如果选项中出现as,请先考虑是否考查as引导的定语从句。
1、用于非限制性定语从句时,可以指代整个主句的内容,as和which可以换用。
Helefther,as/whichwasstrange.
2、as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句可置于句首,句中和句尾。
Aseveryoneknows,TomisgoodatEnglish.
3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时,常用as作主语。
asissaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed等。
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.
4、as引导非限制性定语从句,有“正如”的含义,因此,下列句式中多用as:
as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有
asiswellknown/isknowntoall众所周知
ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述
ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的
asweallcansee正如我们所看到的
asisexpected/hoped/supposed正如所盼望的/希望的/料想的
asisoftenthecase情况常常如此
asbeknown/expected/reported/announced/shown
ashasbeensaidasismentionedabove
asanybodycanseeasoftenhappens
5、which引导非限制定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句只能置于句尾。
Thedecisionwasright,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.
6、which引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句中的一个词(先行词)从句置于先行词后,可在句中或句尾。
Thefootballmatch,whichIwatchedyesterday,isveryinteresting.
7、which引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句的谓语带有宾语,有的还带宾语补足语。
Thatthingsimproved,whichastonishedme.
8、which引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。
Hewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.
9、that,why不能引导非限制性定语从句
考点八:
定语从句运用中的注意点
1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。
试比较:
Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasherejustnow.
Heisoneofthestudentswhowereherejustnow.
2.定语从句与并列结构。
Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomlookslikehim.
Hehastwosons,andneitherofthemlookslikehim.
3、是用theone还是用that,which,where.
(1)Isthisschool_______youstudy?
(2)Isthistheschool______youstudyin?
(3)Isthistheschool_______youstudy?
(4)Isthisschool______isaseniorone?
A.that/which
B.where
C.theone
D.theonewhere
E.theonethat/which
遇到这类句子,先将其变成肯定句,再看主句是否缺少表语。
若缺表语,则必须用theone的形式,接着再看theone在从句中作什么成分,若作状语,则必须用theonewhere,若作主语或宾语时,则用theone(that/which)
4、是用when还是用that,which
(1)May1istheday______wespenttogether.
(2)May1istheday________Ijoinedthearmy.
A.that/which
B.when
当先行词是表示时间的名词时,作时间状语时,用when,若作主语或宾语时,就用that/which.
5.where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是
表示地点的名词,但也有特殊情况。
如:
1)I'
vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.
2)He'
sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.
在这两句中,where引导的定语从句分别修饰point和situation,表示抽象意义“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。
先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage等名词表示情况、方面、处境,并且在定于从句中作状语时,常用where引导定语从句(但当point,stage表示时间时用when引导定语从句);
在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,常用which/that引导定语从句。
同时occasion作先行词时,通常用when引导定语从句。
ImetthesituationwhereIcan’tfindmydirection.
Wehadreachedthepointwhentherewasnomoneyleft.
Ihadthesituationthat/whichIhavenevermetbefore.
Ihadnevermettheoccasionwhentherewasnomoneyleft.
6、定语从句与强调结构的区别
(1)Itwasinthishouse______hewasborn.
(2)Itwasthishouse______hewasborn.
(3)Itwasinthehouse________heusedtoliveinthattheexhibitionwasheld.
A.where
B.that
C.which
D.there
判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉itis/was…that,若整个句子结构和意义不受影响,则为强调结构,否则为定语从句。
7、定语从句与其他从句的区别
(1)定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词,有则是定语从句,试比较:
Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.
Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.
(2)定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分,作成分的是定语从句;
若连接词在句中不作成分时,则为结果状语从句。
Heissuchakindpersonaseverybodylikes.
Heissuchakindpersonthateverybodylikeshim.
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分,作成分的是定语从句,不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。
Thenewsthathehadbeenbacksurprisedusall.
Thenews(that)hetoldussurprisedusall.
8、way后面的定语从句(用that/inwhich或省略):
Pleasetellmetheway(that/inwhich)youdidthejob.
9、“介词+whom/which+不定式”。
Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.=Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.
10、注意句型“It’s(high)timethat…”结构中,谓语动词用一般过去时态或shoulddo(should不能省略)。
It’stimethatwewent/shouldgotoschool.
考点九:
定语从句的位置
一般来说,定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后,比较容易找出从句;
但有时,定语从句和先行词会被介词或其他成分分隔,这叫间隔性定语从句/分隔性定语从句。
从而给从句的辨别带来一定的难度。
下面就来看从句和先行词被分隔开的两种情况。
1.被介词分隔
定语从句和先行词被介词分隔,实际上也就是关系词在定语从句中作介词宾语。
此时,关系词多和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。
用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物)和whom(指人),that一般不能放在介词之后。
例如:
•Hewaseducatedatalocalhighschool,____hewentontoBeijingUniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat
解析:
A。
根据从句的意思确定是介词after“在……之后”,which在此指代整个主句Hewaseducatedatalocalhighschool,故选A。
•Frank'
sdreamwastohavehisownshop____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.
A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how
B。
该题是考查“介词+关系代词+动词不定式”的特殊结构,它可以还原为:
Frank'
sdreamwastohavehisownshopinwhichhecouldproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.
注意:
有时候关系副词when和where也可以用在介词之后,如sincewhen、bywhen和fromwhere等。
•Thebookwaswrittenin1946,____theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.
A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen
D。
根据从句的意思确定是选sincewhen,when在此指代时间状语1946。
2.被其他成分分隔
一般来说,定语从句总是紧跟着它所修饰的先行词,但有时候定语从句如果紧接先行词会引起主句头重脚轻或句意分隔等问题,此时,从句和先行词被其他成分分隔。
•Thevillagehasdevelopedalot_____welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where
选D。
定语从句wherewelearnedfarmingtwoyearsago修饰它的先行词thevillage,中间被谓语hasdevelopedalot隔开。
•Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer_____sheneededtodecidewhattodo.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
定语从句wheresheneededtodecidewhattodo修饰它的先行词apoint,中间被定语inhercareer隔开。
3.被插入语隔开
—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?
—Right,justtheone____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.what
解析:
C了解答语中的插入语youknow是解题的突破口。
Theone在宾语从句中作状语。
附:
定语从句的常见错误
1.错用引导词
Thisisthebookwhoheislookingfor.(×
)
Thisisthebookthat/whichheislookingfor.(√)定语从句的引导词由先行词决定,当先行词为人时用who,that,whom或whose;
当先行词为事物时用that,which。
YoucantellmeanythingwhichIdon'
tknow.(×
YoucantellmeanythingthatIdon'
tknow.(√)定语从句的先行词为anything,nothing等表示事物的不定代词时,定语从句的引导词只能用that。
IlikethebookfromthatIborrowedthelibrary.(×
IlikethebookfromwhichIborrowedthelibrary.(√)定语从句作介词的宾语且介词提前时,只能用which,whom引导定语从句。
Istillrememberthedayswhenwespenttogether.(×
Istillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.(√)表示时间、地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作时间状语时才能用when,where,why;
当这些先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时用that/which。
Thisisthemostpopularfilm,thatIsawyesterday.(×
Thisisthemos
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