研究生学位考试公开题Word下载.docx
- 文档编号:19734557
- 上传时间:2023-01-09
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:11
- 大小:25.67KB
研究生学位考试公开题Word下载.docx
《研究生学位考试公开题Word下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《研究生学位考试公开题Word下载.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
D.criticizesomecountriesforrefusingtocutdownemissionsharmfultotheozonelayer
52.Thereasonwhyitisdifficulttogetridofthethreatofglobalwarmingisthat________.
A.notallthecountriesarewillingtomakedeepcutsinemissions
B.manypeoplewelcometheglobal-warmingeffectofawarmersummer
C.theleadersofmanycountriesarenotfullyawareofthegravityoftheproblem
D.worldtechnologyisnotabletosolvetheproblem
53.Inthepassagetheauthorimpliesthat.
A.theworldhasrecentlybecomeawareofthethreatofglobalwarming
B.theproblemofglobalwarminghaslargelybeensolved
C.itisalwaysdifficulttoworkoutinternationalagreementstocutdownemissions
harmfultotheozonelayer
D.itisnolongereasytoreachinternationalagreementsrelatingtotheenvironment
54.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimpossibleatpresenttocut60%ofcarbondioxideemis-
sionsgloballybecause.
A.somepeopleareirresponsible
B.itwouldcauseacollapseoftheworldeconomy
C.itisonlyagoaltobereachedinthefuture
D.somepeoplearelackinginimagination
55.Whatshouldallcountriesdotohelpsolvetheproblemofglobalwarming?
A.Theyshouldholdanotherworldconferenceonclimatechange.
B.Theyshouldprovideadvancedtechnology.
C.Theyshouldreplacealltheharmfulsubstances.
D.Theyshouldwillinglyundertakelegalcommitmentsabouttheirenergyuses.
PassageTwo
Baseballevolvedfromanumberofdifferentball-and-stickgames(paddleball,trapball,one-old-cat,rounders,andtownball)originatinginEngland.AsearlyastheAmericanRevolution,itwasnotedthattroopsplayed"
baseball"
intheirfreetime.In1845AlexanderCartwrightformalizedtheNewYorkKnickerbockers'
versionofthegame:
adiamondshapedinfield,withbasesninetyfeetapart,threestrikes-you'
re-out,batteroutonacaughtball,threeoutsperinning,aninemanteam.The"
NewYorkGame"
spreadrapidly,replacingearlierlocalizedforms.Fromitsbeginnings,baseballwasseenasawayofsatisfyingtherecreationalneedsofanincreasinglyurban-industrialsociety.Atitsbeginningitwasplayedbyandforwealthygentlemen.Aclubmightconsistof40members.Thepresidentwouldappointtwocaptainswhowouldchooseteamsfromamongthemembers.GameswereplayedonMondayandThursdayafternoons,withthelosersoftenprovidingalavishevening'
sentertainmentforthewinners.
Duringthe1850-70periodthegamewaschanging,however,withincreasingcommercialism(chargingadmission),under-the-tablepaymentstoexceptionalplayers,andgamblingontheoutcomeofgames.By1868itwassaidthataclubwouldhavetheirregularprofessionalten,anama-teurfirst-nine,andtheir"
muffins"
(thegentlemanlydufferswhoonceranthegame).Beginningwiththefirstopenlyall-salariedteam(Cincinnati'
sRedStockingClub)in1869,the1870-1890periodsawthecompleteprofessionalizationofbaseball,includingformationoftheNationalAssociationofProfessionalBaseballPlayersin1871.TheNationalLeagueofProfessionalBaseBallClubswasformedin1876,runbybusiness-mindedinvestorsinjoint-stockcompanyclubs.The1880shasbeencalledMajorLeagueBaseball'
s"
GoldenAge"
.Profitssoared,player'
ssalariesrosesomewhat,aseasonof84gamesbecameoneof132,aweeklyperiodical"
TheSportingNews"
cameintobeing,woodenstadiumswithdouble-deckstandsreplacedopenfields,andthestandardrefreshmentbecamehotdogs,sodapopandpeanuts.In1900theWesternLeaguebasedinthegrowingcitiesoftheMidwestproclaimeditselftheAmericanLeague.
56.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Theoriginsofbaseball
B.Thecommercializationofbaseball
C.Theinfluenceofthe"
onbaseball
D.thedevelopmentofbaseballinthenineteenthcentury
57.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.thewealthygentlemenwhofirstplayedbaseball,laterneededtofindanotherrecreationalopportunityiftheydidnotwanttomixwithothersorbecomea"
muffin"
B.hotdogswouldnothavebecomeaspopularastheydid,withouttheprofessionalismandcommercialismthatdevelopedin
baseball
C.the"
spreadrapidlybecauseitwasbetterformalized
D.business-mindedinvestorswereonlyinterestedinprofits
58.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewaythegamewasplayedbywealthygentlemenatitsbeginning?
A.ateammightconsistof40members
B.thepresidentwouldchooseteamsfromamongthemembers
C.theydidn'
tplayonweekends
D.theymightbecalled"
duffers"
iftheydidn'
tmakethefirstnine
59.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,allofthefollowingaretrueexcept______.
A.commercialismbecamemoreprosperous
B.theclubsaresmaller
C.outstandingplayersgotextraincome
D.peoplegamedontheoutcomeofgames
60.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafeatureofthe1880s"
?
A.woodenstadiumsreplacedopenfields
B.aweeklyperiodicalcommenced
C.theNationalAssociationofProfessionalBaseballPlayerswasformed
D.profitssoared
PassageThree
Philosophyinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturywasbasedmoreonbiologyandhistorythanonmathematicsandphysics.Revolutionarythoughtdriftedawayfrommetaphysicsandepistemologyandshiftedmoretowardsideologiesinscience,politics,andsociology.PragmatismbecamethemostvigorousschoolofthoughtinAmericanphilosophyduringthistime,anditcontinuedtheempiricisttraditionofgroundingknowledgeonexperienceandstressingtheinductiveproceduresofexperimentalscience.ThethreemostimportantpragmatistsofthisperiodweretheAmericanphilosophersCharlesPeirce(1839-1914),consideredtobethefirstoftheAmericanpragmatists,WilliamJames(1842-1910),thefirstgreatAmericanpsychologist,andJohnDewey(1859-1952),whofurtherdevelopedthepragmaticprinciplesofPeirceandJamesintoacomprehensivesystemofthoughtthathecalled"
experimentalnaturalism"
or"
instrumentalism"
.
Pragmatismwasgenerallycriticaloftraditionalwesternphilosophy,especiallythenotionthatthereareabsolutetruthsandabsolutevalues.Incontrast,JosiahRoyce(1855-1916),wasaleadingAmericanexponentofidealismatthistime,whobelievedinanabsolutetruthandheldthathumanthoughtandtheexternalworldwereunified.Pragmatismcalledforideasandtheoriestobetestedinpractice,assessingwhethertheyproduceddesirableorundesirableresults.AlthoughpragmatismwaspopularforatimeinEurope,mostagreethatitepitomizedtheAmericanfaithinknow-howandpracticality,andtheequallyAmericandistrustofabstracttheoriesandideologies.Pragmatismisbestunderstoodinitshistoricalandculturalcontext.Itaroseduringaperiodofrapidscientificadvancement,industrialization,andmaterialprogress;
atimewhenthetheoryofevolutionsuggestedtomanythinkersthathumanityandsocietyareinaperpetualstateofprogress.Thisperiodalsosawadeclineintraditionalreligiousbeliefsandvalues.Asaresult,itbecamenecessarytorethinkfundamentalideasaboutvalues,religion,science,community,andindividuality,Pragmatistsregardedalltheoriesandinstitutionsastentativehypothesesandsolutions.Accordingtotheircritics,thepragmatist'
srefusaltoaffirmanyabsolutescarriednegativeimplicationsforsociety,challengingthefoundationsofsociety'
sinstitutions.
61.Wh
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 研究生 学位 考试 公开