湖南师范大学心理学专业外语题库及答案Word文档格式.docx
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湖南师范大学心理学专业外语题库及答案Word文档格式.docx
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C)objectivelycollectedinformation.D)theireverydayobservationsofpeople.
4)Inordertoinvestigatebehavior,researchersmayusedifferentlevelsofanalysis.Whichofthefollowingresearchquestionsexemplifies(例子)thebroadest,mostgloballevelofanalysis?
A)Whataretheoriginsofprejudice?
B)Aretheregenderdifferencesinprejudice?
C)Aretheredifferencesinhowvariousracialgroupsexpressprejudice?
D)Whatistheroleofearlychildhoodexperiencesintheformationofprejudice?
5)In1908,HermannEbbinghaus(艾宾浩斯)wrotethat"
Psychologyhasalongpast,butonlyashorthistory."
Whichstatementbestcaptures(描述)theideathatEbbinghauswasexpressing(表达)?
A)Psychologists,likephilosophers,havedifficultylearningfromtheirmistakes.
B)Questionsabouthumannaturehaveexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavethemethodsnecessarytoanswerthembeendeveloped.
C)Thefieldofpsychologyhasexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavescholarsbeguntorecordtheaccomplishments(造诣)oftheprofession.
D)Althoughpsychologistshavebeendoinglaboratoryresearchforhundredsofyears,littleofsubstance(实质)hasbeendiscoveredabouthumannature.
6)Whichstatementmostcloselycharacterizes(是……的特征)thecurrent(流行)viewofmostpsychologiststowardthestudyofbehavior?
A
A)Psychologistsborrowandblendfrom(混合)differentperspectives(观点).
B)Psychologiststendtoagreethatthemostproductiveapproachisthebiologicalperspective.
C)Psychologiststaketheapproachthatcomplexbehaviorcanbereducedtopatternsofsimplebehavior.
D)Althoughpsychologistsdifferintheirbasicapproach,allagreeonthequestionstobeaskedandhowtheyshouldbestudied.
7)Apsychologistwhoexplainsarapist'
s(强奸犯)behaviorintermsoftherapist'
sdisplacedhostility(敌意)towardhismotherismostlikelytopreferthe__D______perspective.
A)cognitiveB)humanistic(人本主义)C)evolutionaryD)psychodynamic(精神动力)
8)PsychologistswhotakethebehavioristapproachseektoB
A)illustrate解释theinnate天生的品质goodnessofhumans.
B)understandhowenvironmentalstimuli(刺激)controlbehavior.
C)validatetheimportanceofthoughtprocessesinhumanbehavior.
D)demonstratetheimportanceofunresolvedconflictsandinnerforces.
9)Ateacherwantstoseewhethersmilingatchildreniftheyraisetheirhandswhensheasksaquestionincreasesthelikelihood(可能性)thatchildrenwillvolunteeranswers.Fromthebehavioristperspective,theantecedentenvironmentalconditionis________andtheconsequenceis________.C
A)smiling;
raisingofhandB)raisingofhand;
smiling
C)askingaquestion;
smilingD)raisingofhand;
askingaquestion
10)ThehumanisticperspectiveinpsychologygivesgreaterweightandimportancetoA
A)thecapacityofhumanstomakechoices.
B)breakingdowncomplexbehaviorintoelementaryunitsofbehavior.
C)howenvironmentalforcescometocontroltheindividual'
sbehavior.
D)thepowerfulinstinctualtendenciesthatdominatepeople'
sactions.
IITrueorFalseFTFFTFFTTF
1)Psychologistsaretrainedtodescribebehaviorfromtheirownsubjective(主观的)pointofview,makingsuretoincludetheirownbiases(偏见)andexpectationsintheirobservations.
2)Withrespecttothegoalsofpsychology,descriptionsmuststicktoperceivable(可知觉的)information,whereas(但是)explanationsdeliberately(谨慎的)gobeyondwhatcanbeobserved.
3)Psychologistsbelievethatbehaviorshouldonlybestudiedinacontrolledresearchlaboratory.
4)In1879,B.F.Skinnerfoundedthefirstformallaboratorydevotedtoexperimentalpsychology.
5)InFreud'
s(弗洛伊德)view,humannatureisnotalwaysrational(理智的),andbehaviormaybedrivenbymotives(动机)thatarenotinconsciousawareness.
6)Accordingtothehumanisticperspective,peoplearedrivenbypowerful,instinctive(本能)forces,manipulatedbytheirenvironments,andareincapableofmakingchoicesanddecisionsconcerningtheirlives.
7)Intheviewofpsychologistswhofollowthecognitiveperspective,behavioriscompletelydetermined(坚定的)byprecedingenvironmentaleventsandpastbehavioralconsequences.
8)Simplystated,theideabehindnaturalselectionisthatorganisms(有机体)thatarebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentstendtoproduceoffspring(后代)moresuccessfullythanthoseorganismswithpooreradaptations.
9)Brainimagingtechniques(脑成像技术)haveledtodramaticbreakthroughsinthefieldofcognitiveneuroscience(神经科学).
10)Clinicalpsychologistsapplytheinsightsofresearchers,butarenottrainedtodoresearchthemselves.
Chapter2
1)Inwhatwaysaretheoriesandhypotheses(臆测)interrelated?
A)Hypothesesaremoreimportantthantheories.
B)Theoriesaremoreimportantthanhypotheses.
C)Whenahypothesisderivedfromatheoryisnotvalidated,thetheorymustbemodified.
D)Theoriesarenotoffundamentalimportanceingeneratingnewhypotheses,exceptwhenatheoryhasbeenproven.
Answer:
C
2)Whenpsychologicalresearchersarereadytoputtheirhypothesestothetest,theyrelyon
A)intuition.B)thescientificmethod.
C)commonsense.D)subjectivejudgments.
B
3)Thereisajokeamongscientistsaboutaresearcherwhotellsothersthathebelongstoasecretscientificsociety,wherenoonebuttheresearcherwilleverknowaboutthestudiesmembersaredoing.Thisjokeishumorousbecauseitviolates(违反)theprinciple(原则)of
A)determinism.B)controlgroups.C)open-mindedness.D)publicverifiability.
D
4)Aresearchassistantwhoisworkinginapsychologist'
slaboratorylearnstheimportanceofkeepingcompleterecordsofobservationsanddataanalyses.Suchprocedures(程序)arefollowedinorderto
A)increaseobjectivity.(增大客观性)
B)increasesubjectivity.
C)increaseobserverbias.
D)preventotherresearchersfromreplicatingastudy.
A
5)An"
observerbias"
is
A)an"
educatedguess"
aboutwhatwillhappen.
B)thedirectresultofthecontextofdiscovery.
C)thedirectresultofthecontextofjustification.
D)anerrorduetopersonalmotivesandexpectations.
6)Ifaresearcherdefinesvariables(变量)orconditionsintermsofthespecific(明确的)proceduresusedtodeterminetheirpresence,heorsheisusinga(n)________definition.
A)biasedB)confoundedC)operationalD)hypothetical
7)Aplaceboeffect(安慰剂效应)occurswhen
A)anexperimenterfindswhatheorsheexpectedtodiscover.
B)participantshavenotbeenrandomlyassignedtoexperimentalandcontrolconditions.
C)participantschangetheirbehaviorbecauseoftheirbeliefthatatreatmenthasaneffect.
D)bothparticipantsandexperimentalassistantsareunawareofwhichparticipantsgetwhichtreatment.
8)Whenneitherresearchparticipantsnorresearchassistantsareawareofwhichparticipantsreceivewhichtreatment,researchershaveemployeda
A)placebocontrol.B)between-subjectsdesign.
C)single-blindcontroltechnique.D)double-blindcontroltechnique.(双盲控制技术)
9)Whenplanningastudy,youdeterminethatoftheonehundredparticipants,fiftywillhavetoberandomly(随便的)assignedtotheexperimentalconditionandtheotherfiftytothecontrolcondition.Thetypeofexperimentaldesignyouareusingisknownasa________design.
A)placebocontrolB)single-subjectC)within-subjectsD)between-subjects
10)Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewithin-subjects(被试内设计)experimentaldesign?
A)Itisatypeofbetween-subjectsdesign.
B)Therearenocomparisonconditionsinthisdesign.
C)Therearetwoexperimentalgroupsandonecontrolgroup.
D)Eachparticipantservesinallconditionsoftheexperiment.
D
11)Aresearcherisinterestedintherelationshipbetweenbraindamageandtheabilityofhumanstoplantheirbehavior.Whichtypeofresearchdesignwouldbemostappropriate(合适的)fortheresearchertouse?
A)placebocontrolB)experimentalC)correlational(相关)D)within-subjects
12)Imaginethatyourinstructorasksyoutodeterminewhetherthereisarelationshipbetweenmusicalabilityandmathematicalability.Thetypeofdesignbestsuitedtothistaskwouldbea(n)
A)experiment.B)casestudy.
C)correlationalstudy(相关研究).D)naturalisticobservation.
13)Withrespecttopsychologicalmeasurement,whendataareconsistentordependabletheyarereferredtoas________,whereastheterm________meansthattheinformationthatisproducedaccuratelymeasuresthevariableorqualitythatitisintendedtomeasure.
A)valid;
reliableB)reliable(信度);
valid(效度)
C)consistent;
reliableD)reliableorvalid;
consistent
14)Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewithin-subjectsexperimentaldesign?
15)Ateacheristryingtoseewhethersmilingatherstudentswillincreasethenumberofquestionstheyask.Inthefirstandthirdweekofthestudy,thenumberofquestionsstudentsaskisrecorded.In
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