宾语从句定语从句状语从句讲解及练习 1文档格式.docx

宾语从句定语从句状语从句讲解及练习 1文档格式.docx

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3.原因状语从句

在句中相当于原因状语的从句叫原因状语从句.引导原因状语从句的常用词有because,as,since,for等.

Romanwasabsentfromschoolbecausehewasill.罗曼病了,没有上学.

AsParkerwasinahurry,heleftthisbaghome.由于派克太匆忙才把包丢家里了.

Sinceeveryonemakesmistakes,youshouldn’talwayscriticizehim.既然每个人都会犯错误,你不该总是批评他。

4.目的状语从句

在句中相当于目的状语的从句叫目的状语从句.常用inorderthat,sothat引导,译为“为了,以致,以便”.

Rhondaspokeveryslowlyinorderthatwecouldfollow.朗达讲话很慢,以便我们大家都能跟上.

We’llsitinthefrontofthehallsothatwecanhearmoreclearly.我们坐在大厅的前面，以便听得更清.

5.结果状语从句

在句中相当于结果状语的从句叫结果状语从句.常用来引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有sothat,so…that,such…that等,译为“如此……以致于”,“结果”.

MissGaoissokindthatweallrespecther.高老师很和蔼，我们都很尊敬她.

Thiswassuchfinemusicthatitwasworthlisteningtotwice.这音乐太好了,值得听两遍.

6.条件状语从句

在句中相当于条件状语的从句叫条件状语从句.常用来引导条件状语从句的连词有if,unless,as/solongas,once等.

Ifyoucorrectallyourmistakes,yourworkisnice.如果你能把所有的错误改正,你的工作就很出色.

Aslongasyoupromisetogo,I’llsurelygo.只要你答应去,我当然去.

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.你一旦开始，便不可停下来.

Youcannotsucceedunlessyouworkhard.如果不努力，你是不会成功的.

由if引导的条件状语从句,不管主句是用一般将来时还是一般现在时,或当主句是祈使句时,从句都用一般现在时;

主句是过去将来时,从句用一般过去时.

Iftheweatherisfinetomorrow,we’llgohiking.明天天气好的话,我们就去徒步旅行.

7.让步状语从句

在句中相当于让步状语的从句叫让步状语从句,常用的引导词有though,although,eventhough,evenif,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,whosever,whenever,wherever,however等.

Although/ThoughTobyworksveryhard,（yet）shemakesveryslowprogress.尽管托比很努力,但进步还是不大。

Eventhough/ifyousayso,Idonotbelieveit.即使你这么说，我也不信.

Whateveryoudo,youshoulddoitwell.不管做什么事,都要做好.

8.比较状语从句

用来进行比较的状语从句叫比较状语从句,常用来引导比较状语从句的连词有as…as,notas/so…as,than等.

CarolspeaksEnglishaswellasyoudo.卡罗尔英语说得和你一样好.

Hedoesnotrunsofastashisbrother.他不如他弟弟跑得快.

Burtonwasmoresuccessfulthanwehadexpected.伯顿比我们想象的要成功得多.

9.方式状语从句

在句中用作方式状语的从句叫方式状语从句,常用来引导方式状语从句的连词主要有as,asif,asthough等.

YoushoulddoasItellyou.你应当按我告诉你懂得去做.

Itlooksasif/asthoughitisgoingtorain.看来要下雨了.

练习

1.Ifitsunnytomorrow,IfishinginSouthLake.

A.is,goB.willbe,goC.is,willgoD.willbe,willgo

2.–I’msorrytohearthatBillfailedexamagain.

-Don’tworryabouthim.I’msurethathewillnevergiveupuntilhe

.

A.succeedB.succeedsC.succeeded

3.–Lucy,whataboutgoingcampingifittomorrow?

-Soundsgreat!

A.didn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hasn’train

4.Thereisgoingtoasportsmeetingnextweek.Ifit,we’llhavetocancelit.

A.be,willrainB.have,willrainC.be,rains

5.–CouldyoupleasetellPeterthatIwanttotalktohim?

-Sure.Iwilllethimknowassoonasheback.

A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.willcome

6.Youdomuchbetteryou’remorecarefulwithyourspelling.

A.ifB.beforeC.althoughD.unless

7.Peterwastiredthathecouldn’tcontinuerunning.

A.veryB.tooC.so

8.Itwassnowinghard,wehadtostayathomeandwatchTV.

A.thatB.soC.butD.because

9.–Whydidyoucometoschoollatethismorning?

-IwatchedtheFootballWorldCupuntil12o’clocklastnight.

A.IfB.BecauseC.SinceD.though

10.Mygrandmadidn’tgotosleepIgotbackhome.

A.whereB.untilC.assoonasD.while

11.–Mary,whataboutgoingboatingifittomorrow?

-Goodidea.

A.notrainB.willrainC.doesn’trainD.won’train

12.Askyourfriendtocallmebackassoonasshebacktomorrow.

A.willcomeB.comesC.coming

13.–Jack,youlooktiredtoday.What’swrong?

-IwasbusyIdidn’tgotobeduntilmidnightyesterday.

A.too,toB.enough,toC.so,thatD.such,that

14.–Tellhimaboutthenewswhenhe,John.–Yes,Iwill.

A.comesB.willcomeC.wouldcomeD.iscoming

15.ItriedtocallyouIheardfromhim,butyouwerenotin.

A.sinceB.whileC.untilD.assoonas

16.IttenyearssincewelastinBeijing.

A.was,metB.hasbeen,metC.was,meetD.is,meet

17.Noneofusknewwhathadhappenedweheardthenewsonradio.

A.afterB.untilC.when

18.MrsShutewouldn’tleavetheTVset,herchildrenwerewaitingfortheirsupper.

A.ifB.becauseC.eventhoughD.assoonas

二宾语从句

学习宾语从句,我们应该注意三个方面：

连接词、语序和时态。

一、连接词

1.that引导宾语从句时,that只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,常可省略。

如:

●Iknow（that）heisaCanadianathlete.

2.whether或if引导宾语从句时,whether或if在句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”,不可省略。

●Idon’tknowwhether/ifmyparentsagreewithme.

与ornot直接连用时只能用whether不可用if。

●Hedidn’tsaywhetherornothewouldbestayinghere.

3.what,who,whose,which等连接代词和when,where,how,why等连接副词引导宾语从句时,这些词在从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不能省略。

●Hedidn’tunderstandwhattheteachersaid.

●Idon’tknowwhenwewillhaveameeting.

二、语序

1.在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句须用陈述句语序。

●Doyouknowwherehelives?

2.当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose,imagine,expect等词时,宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中,译为汉语时,仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。

否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。

●Idon’tthink（that）Tomiswrong.

我认为汤姆没错。

三、时态

1.当主句的谓语动词是现在时态或一般将来时的时候,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据需要使用各种时态。

但如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词也必须使用相应的过去时态。

●Iwanttoknowhowhecameyesterday.

●SheaskedifhewasleavingforBeijingsoon.

2.宾语从句表述的是客观事实或普遍真理时,不管主句的谓语动词是什么时态,宾语从句仍使用一般现在时。

●Theteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.

用法注意

一、if和when既能引导宾语从句,又能引导状语从句。

因此,一定要认清它们一种形式的“两副面孔”,从而准确地判断句子的类型。

Idon’tknowif/whenhewillcometomorrow.（宾语从句）

If/Whenhecomes,I’lltellyouaboutit.（状语从句）

二、宾语从句与简单句

含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以变为简单句。

该知识点在句型转换的题型中经常会作为考点出现。

现归纳如下:

1.在某些由疑问词（why除外）引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。

【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的宾语。

IwanttoknowhowIcanopenthedoor.

→Iwanttoknowhowtoopenthedoor.

2.在某些由疑问词（why除外）引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句谓语动词的间接宾语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。

【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的复合宾语。

CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?

→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?

3.在某些由that引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。

【变法】原复合句可变为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型。

Wefoundthattheboywasveryclever.

→Wefoundtheboyveryclever.

Isawthattheywereplayingbasketballthere.

→Isawthemplayingbasketballthere.

Exercises

1.Iwanttoknow_____thedayaftertomorrow.

A.whathewilldoB.whatwillhedoC.whathedidD.whatdidhedo

2.---Couldyoupleasetellme_______?

----It’snexttothepostoffice.

A.whereisthesupermarket.B.wherethesupermarketis

C.wherewasthesupermarketD.wherethesupermarketwas

3.Noonecanbesure_____inamillionyears.

A.whatmanlookslikeB.whatwillmanlooklike

C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatmanwilllooklike

4.---Couldyoutellme______tomorrowmorning?

----Well,itwillstartat9:

00o’clock.

A.whenthemeetingwillstartB.wherewillthemeetingstart

C.wherethemeetingstartsD.whenthemeetingwouldstart

5.---Couldyoutellmehowlong______thebook?

---Threedays.

A.IcankeepB.CanIborrowC.IcanborrowD.canIkeep

6.LiuLing’smotherwantedtoknow______.

A.ifshestudiedhardatschoolB.howdidshestudyatschool

C.whatdidshestudyatschool

7.Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmewhichgate______?

A.wehavetogotoB.wehadtogotoC.dowehavetogotoD.didwehavetogoto

8.Canyoudescribe_______?

A.whatyourfriendislikeB.howyourfriendislike

C.whatdoesyourfriendlooklikeD.howyourfriendlookslike

9.---Canyoumakesure______?

---Sorry,Ican’t.ButIdidseeherjustnow.

A.wheredidshegoB.whereshehadgoneC.whereshehasgoneD.wherewillshego

10.Heaskedhisclassmatewhere_______.

A.doeshisteacherseethefilmB.histeachersawthefilm

C.didhisteacherseethefilm

11.---Bytheway,doyouknowtheNationalSpellingBee?

---No,Ineverheardofit.Tellme_______,please.

A.whatisitB.whatitisC.itiswhatD.isitwhat

12.Ourteacheraskedme_______.

A.whatwasAnndoingthesedaysB.whyPeterdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday

C.whenwillthedolphinshowbeginD.howlongIusuallyspendonmyhomework

13.“Excuseme,doyouknow______?

”“Sorry,Idon’tknow.”

A.whereisNo.1MiddleSchoolB.whereNo.1MiddleSchoolis

C.No.1MiddleSchooliswhereD.No.1MiddleSchoolwhereis

14.---Howdoesshecometoschool?

---Pardon?

---Iaskedhow______toschool.

A.didshecomeB.shecameC.doesshecome

15.Doyouknow______thistimeyesterday?

A.whatsheiscookingB.whatisshecookingC.whatshewascookingD.whatwasshecooking

16.TheteacheraskedLucy_______.

A.wheredoesshecomefromB.whatdidshelikebest

C.ifshecouldspeakChineseD.whenwassheborn

17.Don’tworry.I’lltellMr.Green_______hecomesback.

A.whenB.howC.whyD.where

18.---WecanuseMSNtotalkwitheachotherontheInternet.

---Really?

Willyoupleaseshowme________?

A.howcanIuseB.howIcanuseC.howcanIuseitD.howIcanuseit

19.Theforeigneraskedme_