考研《英语一》答案阅读理解文字版Word格式文档下载.docx
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考研《英语一》答案阅读理解文字版Word格式文档下载.docx
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inciteexcessivethinness"
bypromotingextremedieting.
Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupwithimpingingonhealth.That'
sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemselvestohealth-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmovetakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.
Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbeorbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.
TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.
Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardformodelsandfashionimagesthererelymoreonpearpressureforenforcement.
IncontrasttoFrance'
sactions,Denmark'
sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.Thecharter'
smaintollofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagen.Fashionweek,whichismenbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.
Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.
21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?
[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined
[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed
[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive
[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline
22.Thephrase"
impingingon"
(Line2Para2)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]heighteningthevalueof
[B]indicatingthestateof
[C]losingfaithin
[D]doingharmto
23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry
[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed
[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark
[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure
[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse
24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor
[A]settingperfectphysicalconditions
[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels'
character
[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors
[D]pursuingahighagethresholdformodels
25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?
[A]AchallengetotheFashionIndustry'
sBodyIdeals
[B]ADilemmaforthestarvingmodelsinFrance
[C]JustAnotherRoundofstruggleforbeauty
[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry
Text2
Forthefirsttimeinthehistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate"
thecountryside"
alongsidetheroyalfamily.ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakethemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.
AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave"
thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever"
.Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience"
arefreshingair"
.Hill'
spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon'
tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.
Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives'
planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,
evenauthorizing"
off-plan"
buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilentonlyusensingitschance,hassideswiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItscampaigntoprotectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties.
Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhousesfactoriesandofficesiswherepeopleareincitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroyedrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLandonareaalonewithnointrusionongreenbelts.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathat"
housingcrisis"
equals"
concretedmeadows"
ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthemunderlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?
Developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip,AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope'
smostcrowedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenableittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.
26.Britain'
spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside
[A]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics
[B]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily
[C]didn'
tstartfilltheShakespeareanage
[D]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS
27.Accordingtoparagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing
[A]largelyovershadowed
[B]properlyprotected
[C]effectivelyreinforced
[D]graduallydestroyed
28.Whichofthefollowingcanbeofferedfromparagraph3
[A]Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment
[B]TheConservativesmayabandon"
building
[C]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation
[D]TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence
29.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsbornes'
spreference
[A]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralarea
[B]stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis
[C]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure
[D]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas
30.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorshowhisappreciationof
[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain
[B]theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain
[C]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain
[D]thepoliticallifeintoday'
sBritain
Text3
"
Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness"
wroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelPrize-winningeconomist"
Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits."
ButevenifyouacceptFriedman'
spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'
smoney,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-act.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompaniesatleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.
ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa"
signal"
thatacompany'
sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'
sproductsasanindirectmaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse"
haloeffect"
wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.
PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.ArecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerican'
sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'
sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.
Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm'
spoliticalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:
Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.
Inall,thestudyconc
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