高考必刷题英语阅读理解科普环保题及解析Word格式文档下载.docx
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高考必刷题英语阅读理解科普环保题及解析Word格式文档下载.docx
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Theideathateyecatchingcolorscouldbeusedasacoverupisn'
tanewone."
Thefatherofcamouflagetheory,AbbottThayer,reallybelievedthatiridescenceshouldbecategorizedasacamouflagestrategy.AndhewroteinhisfamouslifeworkConcealingColorationintheAnimalKingdom,alreadyin1909,that'
brilliantlychangeableormetalliccolorsareamongthestrongestfactorsinananimal'
sconcealment'
.Andthissoundslikeacompletelyunreasonablethingtosay,becausehowcancolorsthatarebothbrilliantandchangeablecontributetoanimal'
sconcealment?
"
Inasimilarway,wewereaskingwhetheriridescence,duetoitschangeability,couldworkasaformofcamouflagebypreventingshaperecognition."
Kjernsmoandhercolleaguestrainedbumblebeestoassociateaparticularshape—acircleoranoval—withasugarreward.Andtheyfoundthatthebees,whengivenachoice,wouldpreferentiallyvisittheshapetheyknewtobesweet.Butwhentheshapeswereiridescent,thebeeshadtroubletellingthemapart."
Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets,whichmadethemhardtodistinguish."
Asformakinguseofthismethodforhidinginplainsight,"
Anypracticalapplicationsisofcoursedirectlylinkedtoanyindustrythathasaninterestincamouflage,thatishowtoconcealobjectsormakethemmoredifficulttorecognize."
Theresearchersarecurrentlyconductingexperimentswithbirds,whichoftenpreyoniridescentinsectstoseeifithelpstohaveabird'
seyeview.
(1)Accordingtothepassage,iridescenceisnotmadeuseofbyanimalsto________.
A.
livealittlelongerbyescapingtheirpredator(捕食者)
B.
catchtheattentionoftheirmates
C.
concealthemselveswhenindanger
D.
catchsightofmorecolorfulpreys
(2)Fromthestudyinthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat________.
Beescanalwaystellthedifferencebetweenacircleandanoval
Beesarecreaturesthatarefascinatedbysweetthingsthatareiridescent
Ifacircle,withasugarreward,isiridescent,thebeesmayhavedifficultyfindingit
Beesarelikelytoprefercirclestoovals,whethertheyareiridescentornot
(3)Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?
Whetherthereareanydifferencesbetweenbeesandbirds.
Someindustriesthathavegreatinterestincamouflage.
Whybirdsarenoteffectedbyiridescentinsects.
Whichcamouflagetheoryappliesmoretobirds.
(4)Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?
Afamouscamouflagestrategy
Metalliciridescentasthebestdisguise
Colorsuniquetoanimals
Shiningcolorsasasexualstrategy
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Agooddisguisekeepsyouhidden,right?
Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金属彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.”可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更久,排除A;
根据第三段中的“HereIwouldliketopointoutthatinsomespecies,particularlythosethatdisplaystrongsexualdimorphism(雌雄两性),suchasbirdsofparadiseorsomebutterfliesorfishes,theoccurrenceofiridescenceismostlikelydrivenbysexualselection.”在这里我想指出的是,在某些物种中,尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种,比如天堂鸟、孔雀,甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中,彩虹色的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。
可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意,排除B;
根据倒数第二段中的“Theideathateyecatchingcolorscouldbeusedasacoverupisn'
tanewone.”引人注目的颜色可以用来伪装,这种想法并不新鲜,排除C,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets,whichmadethemhardtodistinguish.”似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状,这使得它们很难区分。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验,这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。
实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。
由此推断接下来一段会谈论为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响,故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
第一段中的“Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金属彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.”有时,最好的伪装其实是最耀眼的伪装,因为研究表明,闪光的金属彩虹色能在视觉上迷惑捕食者,这让五颜六色的猎物能够再存活一天,是全文的主题句,结合全文内容,可知这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside.Youwereoftencold,wet,slipontheice,andyou'
darrivehometoanice-coldhouse.Andthatwouldmeanturningontheheatingandwaiting.It'
samiracleyoudidn'
tgetcoldtothebone.
Fortunately,thingsdon'
thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems.Itmeansdealingwithwinterneedn'
tbelikeskatingonthinice.
Withasmartthermostat(温度自动调节器),ourhomescanbewarmwhenweneedthemtobe.Manymodelsfeaturesmartphoneappsthatallowyoutocontroltemperatureremotely,sowecanwarmupthehousebeforewearrivehome.Accordingto,Tado'
smodelfeaturesvoicecontrol,whiletheNest'
leans'
yourhabitsandautomaticallyheatsthehomeforyou.
Clotheshavebeengivenanupgrade,too.Electronicthermaljackets,sweatersandcoatsheatupwhenyouturnthemon.Whatbetterwaytokeepwarminthedeadofwinter?
Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside.Manymodelsofferthreelevelsofheatingwhichstaywarmforover12hours..
Finally,thereistheclothingforthehead,beaniesandEarmuff,thatfeaturespeakersincludedinthefabricusingBluetoothtechnologysowecanlistentoourfavouritemusicor,insomecases,haveaphonecallusingthein-builtmicrophone.Allwhilekeepingtheheadwarmandavoidingacold.
Formany,thethoughtofwinterusedtobeenoughtomaketheirbloodruncold.Butusingtechnology,lifeneedn'
tfreezeup.Withtherightsolutions,there'
snoreasonwhywintercan'
tbereally,reallycool.
(1)Whatdotheunderlinedwords"
bundleup"
meaninPara.1?
Fixanairconditioner.
Takeahotbath.
Runalot.
Putonmoreclothes.
(2)Howdoeselectronicthermalclothingwork?
Theequipmentplacedinsidetheclothingproducesheat.
Itneedstobewarnedupbeforebeingused.
Thethermostatheatupautomaticallywhenthetemperatureislow.
Itkeepswarmforover12hoursafterbeingchargedfoxanhour.
(3)Fromthepassage,wecanleanthefollowingstatementsEXCEPTthat________.
Tado'
smodelcanbecontrolledbysayingsomethingtoit
withthein-builtspeakerandmicrophone,BeaniesandEarmuffsuserscanhaveaphonecall
technologycandonothingtomakewinterlessrough
Bluetoothtechnologyisusedintheclothingforthehead
(4)What'
sthebesttitleofthispassage?
ASmartThermostat
AModernwinter
Waysofkeepingwarm
Anunpleasantwinter
(2)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,在科技并不发达的过去,人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。
现如今,每到严冬时节,虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣,但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世,冬天也能变得舒适宜人。
人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。
比如,用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度;
使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第一段中的"
Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside."
可知,在我的记忆中,冬天总是很不令人愉快。
你外出时必须穿得暖和一点。
所以通过"
keepwarm"
可知,外出时要想暖和一些,就要多穿衣服。
故判断出第1段中带下划线的单词"
是多穿点衣服。
故选D。
根据第四段中的"
Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside."
可知,只要按下按钮,或者通过手机上
应用程序,安装在衣服内部的电子元件就会产生热量。
所以电子保暖服装工作的原理是安装在衣服内部的电子元件产生热量。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"
Fortunately,thingsdon'
thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems"
可知,幸运的是,事情不需要再这么有挑战性了。
先进的技术、引擎环和设计为我们提供了解决老问题的新方法。
所以C选项"
科技无法让冬天变得不那么难熬"
不符合短文说明的内容。
通读全文可知,在科技并不发达的过去,人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。
所以短文的最佳标题为"
让现代科技温暖你的冬日"
。
故B选项"
符合题意。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案
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