The culture of alcohol and the translation of alcohol commercials酒文化与酒广告翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx
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The culture of alcohol and the translation of alcohol commercials酒文化与酒广告翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx
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JiangxiNormalUniversity
March2012
Thecultureofalcoholandthetranslationofalcoholcommercials
Abstract:
EdgarAllanPoeisoneofthemostuniqueAmericanwriters.Heisbestknownforhistalesofmysteryandthemacabre.Hishorrorshortstoriesventureevenbeyondhuman’sreason,exploringthevaguecross-borderfieldoflifeanddeath,dreamandreality,consciousandinsane.TheBlackCatisoneofthemostclassichorrornovelswhichalsorevealthedarksideofthehumanbeinginpsychology.Theauthorofthisthesisproposesthatthereexitssubconsciousevilinhumanbeings.Therefore,thethesisaimstoanalysisthehero’spersonalitiesinTheBlackCataccordingtoFreud’spsychoanalysis,whichwillhelpusunderstandPoe’sotherworksandhisartisticthoughtseasily.
Keywords:
EdgarAllanPoe;
Freud’spsychoanalysis;
TheBlackCat
以弗洛伊德精神分析理论分析《黑猫》中的叙述者
摘要:
埃德加·
爱伦·
坡是美国作家中最独特的一位,以悬疑、惊悚小说最负盛名。
他的恐怖故事极力挑战理性的界限,探索生命与死亡、梦境与现实、清醒与癫狂的晦暗不明的交界地带。
《黑猫》是这些恐怖小说中最为经典的一部作品,它同时也揭露了人类精神层次的黑暗面。
本论文的作者认为人性中有种罪恶的潜意识。
所以,本论文旨在通过弗洛伊德的精神分析理论来分析《黑猫》中主人公的性格,从而帮助我们更容易地理解坡的其他作品和他的创作理念。
关键词:
坡;
弗洛伊德的精神分析;
黑猫
Contents
Chapter1Introduction1
Chapter2Psychoanalysis3
2.1Overview3
2.2TheStructuralModelofPersonality4
Chapter3APsychoanalyticInterpretationofTheBlackCat5
3.1EgooftheNarrator5
3.2IdoftheNarrator6
3.3SuperegooftheNarrator7
Chapter4Conclusion9
Bibliography10
Acknowledgements11
Chapter1Introduction
BorninBoston,Massachusetts,inJanuary1809,anddiedinBaltimore,Maryland,inOctober1849,EdgarAllanPoelivedonlyfortyyearsinthisworld,buthisnamebringstomindimagesofmurderersandmadmen,prematureburials,andmysteriouswomenwhoreturnfromthedead.Hisworkshavebeeninprintsince1827andincludesuchliteraryclassicsas“TheTell-TaleHeart”,“TheRaven”,and“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”.Thisversatilewriter’soeuvreincludesshortstories,poetry,anovel,atextbook,abookofscientifictheory,andhundredsofessaysandbookreviews.Heiswidelyacknowledgedastheinventorofthemoderndetectivestoryandaninnovatorinthesciencefictiongenre,andhemadehislivingasAmerica’sfirstgreatliterarycriticandtheoretician.Poe’sreputationtodayrestsprimarilyonhistalesofterroraswellasonhishauntinglyricpoetry.
Poe’sshortstoriesareaboundedwithbloodyviolence,murderandevensupernaturalevents.Andtheplaceswherethestoriesoccurareusuallydrearyandgloomycastles,bleakcellarsorchurches,andthrillinggraveyards.AllthesearetherecurrentandindispensableelementsinestablishingPoe’sprevalentterror,whichisstrongenoughtoshakereaders’interiorfeelings.Amongthesestories,Poecannotstopinterpretinghis“deathwish”.“Death”hasbecomeoneofhisconstantthemes,especiallythedeathofabeautifulwoman,andhemadeassertionsinhisfamousarticle“ThePhilosophyofComposition”thatthisis“themostpoeticaltopicintheworld”.Suchstoriesas“Ligeia”“Morella”and“Berenice”aregoodexamples.AndpersonaltragedywasanotherrecurringthemethroughoutPoe’slife.Inhisearlychildhood,hisfatherdesertedthefamilyandlaterhisbelovedmotherdied.Hewasadoptedbyawealthytobaccofamilybutseldomhadagoodtimewiththem.ItishismiserablelifeexperienceandhispessimistictemperamentthatledPoetobeobsessedwithhis“deathfantasia”anddarkromanticism.ItisnotdifficulttofindthatPoehasanastonishinglystrongandmeanwhiletwistedandweirdpowerofimaginationwhichisquitebewildering,andthisisoneofthereasonsthatheisdrawnmuchattention.
AllanPoehimselfisalsooneofthemostcontroversialfiguresintheAmericanliteraryhistory.Althoughhiscontributionstotheliteraturehavebeenwidelyacknowledgedatpresent,hewasmisunderstoodathistimebecauseofhiswiredcharacter.Forexample,hisliteraryexecutorRufusGriswoldsparednopains,afterAllanPoe’sdeath,tosullyhisreputation—hepaintedPoeasaBohemian,depraved,anddemonic,avillainwithnovirtueatall.ProfessorChangalsomentionedthatPoe’sownworkdidattimesseemtocorroboratetheviewofGriswold’sandmanyothersthathiswasanevilgeniusandthusthelegendsteadilybuildingupaboutPoeplacedthemaninaveryunfavorablelight;
thereforeEmersondismissedhiminthreewords“thejingleman”andMarkTwaindeclaredhisprosetobeunreadable.HenryJamesmadetheruthlessstatementthat“anenthusiasmforPoeisthemarkofadecidedlyprimitivestageofreflection”.AndWhitman,whowastheonlyfamousliteraryfigurepresentedatPoeMemorialCeremonyinBaltimorein1875,hadamixedfeelingaboutPoe:
hedidadmitPoe’sgenius,butitwas“itsnarrowrangeandunhealthyluridquality”thatmostimpressedhim.
However,needlesstosay,themajorityofcriticstoday,inAmericaaswellasintheworld,haverecognizedthereal,uniqueimportanceofPoeasagreatwriteroffiction,apoetofthefirstrank,andacriticofacumenandinsight.Hisworksarereadtheworldoverwithappreciationandunderstanding.
EdgarAllanPoe’sworksdidn’tbringhimfameandfortunatebeforehedied.Sincethe20thcentury,withtheirrationalismphilosophyandFraud’spsychoanalysisrisinganddeveloping,AllanPoeandhisworkshavebeenwildlyaccepted.
Freudproposedthatthehumanpsychecouldbedividedintothreeparts:
Id,ego,andsuper-ego.Idrepresentshumanbeing’sbasicdesire,impulseandvitalityforliving.Itisthesubconsciousnesspartofhumanbeing’sspiritualactivities.Thesuper-egoisthemoralcomponentofthepsyche,whichtakesintoaccountnospecialcircumstancesinwhichthemorallyrightthingmaynotberightforagivensituation.Therationalegoattemptstoexactabalancebetweentheimpracticalhedonismoftheidandtheequallyimpracticalmoralismofthesuper-ego;
itisthepartofthepsychethatisusuallyreflectedmostdirectlyinaperson'
sactions.Whenoverburdenedorthreatenedbyitstasks,itmayemploydefensemechanismsincludingdenial,repression,anddisplacement.
TherearealwaysconflictsbetweenIdandsuper-ego.Ifapersonkeepsbalancebetweenbothofthem,hewillbeamentalhealthyman.Ifnot,hewillbecomeanoia.Apparently,theherointheBlackCatwasatwisted-mindpersonafterexperiencingaseriesofspiritchangeincludingimpulse,crime,guiltandfear.Inthisthesis,theauthoranalyzesthehero’spersonalitiesinTheBlackCataccordingtoFreud’spsychoanalysis,whichwillhelpusunderstandPoe’sotherworksandhisartisticthoughtseasily.
Chapter2Psychoanalysis
Thischapterconsistsoftwoparts,mainlydealingwiththetheoriesofpsychoanalysis.ThefirstpartisabriefintroductiontoFreudianpsychologicaltheories,aimedtopresentapanoramicviewoftheschool.Thesecondpartgivesanaccountofonemajortheoryofpsychoanalysis—thestructuralmodelofpersonalities.Servingasaninterpretingvehicleforthecriticismtobeconducted,thetheroywillbeadoptedandappliedlatertotheanalysisoftheunreliablenarratorinTheBlackCat.
2.1Overview
ThetheoryofpsychoanalysisinitiatedbySigmundFreud,thefamousAustrianneurologist,isasetofcreativeideasandwasoriginallyemployedforthetreatmentofmentally-disorderedpatients.Comingattheturnofthe20thcentury,thistheoryprovidedaradicallynewapproachtotheanalysisofhumanbehaviorsinthemedicalfield.Restingontheconvincingevidenceobtainedthroughmanycarefullyrecordedcasestudies,Freudclaimedthatmostofouractionsaremotivatedbypsychologicalforcesoverwhichwehaveverylimitedcontrol.Basedonyearsoffruitfulresearchwork,Freudfinallyestablishedhisowntheoreticrealmofpsychoanalysis,resultinginavehementrevolutioninthefieldofPsychology.ThefoundationofthetheorymainlyconsistsofthefollowingthreepremisesFreudhaseverproposed:
1)mostoftheindividual’smentalprocessesareunconscious;
2)allhumanbehaviorismotivatedultimatelybysexuality;
3)manyofourdesiresandmemoriesarerepressedbecauseofthepowerfulsocialtaboosattachedtocertainsexualimpulses.
Inthetwoepoch-makingworks,TheInterpretationofDreamsandAGeneralIntroductiontoPsychoanalysis,Freud’soriginalideasandpioneeringexplorationsaremostlyembodied,eachgivenadetailedexplanationexhaustively.Inthefirstworkmentioned,Freudelucidatestheoryoftheunconscious,theformationofdreamsand9waysofinterpretingthem;
inthesecondone,heimprovestheoryofthelibido,proposesstagesofpsychosexualityandexplicatesthespecializedterminologysuchasOedipuscomplex,Repression,Anxietyetc.AnothersignificantworkthatdeservesmentionisTheEgoandtheId,inwhichFreudgivesanelaborationonthethreecomponentsofpersonality—theid,theegoandthesuperegoaswellastheinteractiverelationshipamongthem.TheinnovativeanddaringworkFreudhasmadeoffersabrand-newviewtotheunderstandingofhumanmind,whichcontributestotheestablishmentofageneralbeliefthathumanbehaviorsofanykind,asamatteroffact,arenotmeaninglessorrandombutmeaningfulandgoal-oriented.Inthissense,thepsychoanalytictheorycanbeemployedasaneffectivevehicletounderstandhumanbehaviorswhicharereallyinformativeandexplainable.
ApartfromFreud,effortsarealsomadebysuchpsychoanalystsasAnnaFreud,CarlJungandMarieBonaparte,whoseendeavornotonlyenrichesthetheorywithnewconceptsandvalues,butalsoimpelsthedevelopmentoftheschoolofpsychoanalys
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