主谓一致Word文件下载.docx
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本次作业:
授课内容:
一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:
语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则:
指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
Tomisagoodstudent.汤姆是个好学生。
Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。
1当and或者both…and…连接并列名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
MaryandLucyarefriends.
Bothmyfatherandmotherworkinthefactory.
Bothmilkandjuicearegoodforyourhealth.
2主语后接with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,except,but,besides,aswellas,including,nolessthan等词或短语时,谓语的单复数形式与这些词的前面主语一致
NobodyexceptLucyandLilywantstogoboating.
TomtogetherwithhisparentshaseverbeentoTianjin.
Lucyaswellasherparentssingswell.
Thegirlsincludingtheboyaredancingnow.
Jimwiththeteachersisfriendlytome.
Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball.
3each,each...,eachof…,each…andeach…,every…,every…andevery…,oneof+可数名词复数
EachofushasanEnglishbook.
Therearethreechildrenintheroom.Each(ofthem)hasabigappleintheirhands.
Everyteacherisdancingnow.
Oneofthestudentslikeslessons.
Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.
Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.
4不定代词each,either,another,theother,neither以及由every-,any-,no-,any-等构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
(none后面单复数均可,多数情况下用单数)
Noneofuslikesdishonestpersons.
EverythingisOk!
5Trousers,scissors,clothes,glasses,pants,shorts,jeans,chopsticks,shoes,gloves等名词作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数形式。
但是当名词前面有a/thispair/kind/seriesof修饰时,谓语动词要用单数。
Thispairoftrousersisold.
Myglasseswerebroken.
—Myshoesarebroken,mum.
—Yes,thispairofshoesisinstyle.
Aseriesofpre-recordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.
6anumberof+复数名词,译为“许多”谓语动词用复数;
thenumberof+名词复数时,译为“…的数量”谓语动词用单数
Thenumberofstudentsinourclassisfifty.
Anumberofstudentsinourschoolcomefromthecountryside.
7Halfof,alotof,mostof,plentyof等+名词或者分数/百分数+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词。
如果是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;
如果是可数名词的复数,谓语动词用复数形式
Halfoftheteachersarewomen.
Twothirdsofthecountryiscoveredwithtrees.
8动名词,不定式或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
Toseeistobelieve.
Readinginbedisbedforyoureyes.
Wherewecangetsomuchmoneyisstillaproblem.
注意:
A.who,what引导的从句作主语时,当指具体的东西或人时,谓语动词的形式要根据具体意思来定,如:
WhatIwantarethesethings.
B.在强调句型“it+be+被强调的部分+that/who”中be总是用单数形式,that/who后面的谓语动词的形式要跟被强调的主语一致:
ItwasLinTaowhocalledyoujustnow.
Itisyouthataregoingtobeinvitedtotheparty.
C.在“oneof+名词复数+定语从句”机构中,定语从句的谓语动词一般用复数,但当one前面有the,thevery,theless,theonly或形容词最高级修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数
LiLeiisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatEnglish.
AliceistheonlyoneofthegirlsthatisfromAmerica.
2.意义一致:
指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;
或主语形式上为复数,
但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
①由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。
这两种情况区分如下:
a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;
a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。
Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教师来了。
(作家和教师指同一个人)
Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。
(作家和老师是两个人)
②and连接两个成对的名词,如forkandknife,breadandbutter,sodaandwater,coffeeand
water,aimandend,saltandwater虽有and连接,但是仍表示单一概念,谓语要用单数
Whereisyourforkandknife?
Isthebreadandbutterenoughforyoutwo?
③family,class,group,team,company,public,crowd,audience,crew,committee等集体名词,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式,如果表示其中的成员,谓语动词用动词形式
Ourclassareworkinghard.
Myfamilyisabigone.
Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.
④police,people,cattle,youth作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
Cattlearefarmer’sfriends.
Thepolicearerunningafterthethieves.
⑤“the+形容词”blind,old,young,rich,poor,指人作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数;
若指抽象概念
作主语时,谓语动词用单数;
the+姓氏名词的复数,表示“某夫妇/一家人”
Theoldaretakengoodcareof.
Thepoorwereusuallylookeddownuponbytherich.
Thedecayedhasbeenthrownaway.
TheMrGreensarewalkingalongthelake.
⑥当news,maths,politics,physics,plastics虽然是以-s结尾,但意义是单数,所以谓语动词用单数
Nonewsisgoodnews.
Plasticsiswidelyusedinourdailylives.
⑦表示时间,距离,重量,金钱,算式的名词作主语,通常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数
Twomonthsisalongholiday.两个月是一个长假。
Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英镑并不太重。
Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Fiveminusfourisone.5减4等于1。
9manya+单数可数名词,表示许多,谓语动词用单数
morethanone+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
Manyastudenthasspokenatthemeeting.
⑩.oneandahalf+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一个半小时足够了。
.a/an/+单数名词+ortwo作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。
Oneortwo+复数名词,谓语动词用复数
Oneortwospellingmistakeshavebeenfoundinyourcomposition.
3.就近一致:
指当主语是两个或两个以上的并列名词或代词时,谓语动词与最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
1.当therebe句型或herebe句型中后接并列主语时,谓语动词be在数上与最近的主语保持一致
Thereisoneappleandtwoorangesonthetable.
Hereisyourdrink.
Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.
2.由or,either…or…;
neither…nor…;
notonly…butalso…等连接的并列名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式与最近的主语保持一致
Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.
EitheryouorIamwrong.
NeitherthetwinsnorTonylikessinging.
三.肯定与否定一致
下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。
We'
vehadsome(money).→Wehaven'
thadany(money).
Iwastalkingtosomeone.→Iwasn'
ttalkingtoanyone.
Theysometimesvisitus.→Theyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.
Hehasarrivedalready.→Hehasn'
tarrivedyet.
Liiscomingtoo.→Liisn'
tcomingeither.
Bothofusaregoing.→Neitherofusaregoing.
Helikesbothofthem.→Hedoesn'
tlikeeitherofthem.
so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。
MywifelikeclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.
Shedoesn'
tlikejazzandneitherdoI.
主谓一致专项练习题
1.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.
A.wereB.isC.wasD.are
2.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.
A.isn’tB.isC.aren’t
D.are
3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveaday?
—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthem_____45minutes.
A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are
4.NeitherLipingnorI_______abasketballplayer.
A.amB.isC.beD.are
5.There______manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.
A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are
6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
7.Maths_______myfavouritesubject.
A.beB.isC.amD.are
8.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.
A.weresleepingB.issleeping
C.wassleepingD.areasle
9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,____ofuswantstogothere.
A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some
11.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.
A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is
12.—What’sontheplate?
someeggsandcakesonit?
—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
13.Thispairofglasses______mine.
A.areB.beC.isD.willbe
14.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.
A.invitedB.wasinvited
C.hadinvitedD.wereinvirted
15.—Twomonths______quitealongtime.
—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.
16.Inthecitytheold_______.
A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareof
C.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof
17.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.
A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,are
18.Thesingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing.
A.has
B.haveC.areD.is
19.Thechildreninthisclasseach_____newschoolbag.
A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehaving
20.Allbutone_____herejustnow.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were
21.IfBob'
swifewon'
tagreetogoonholidayinwinter,.
A.neitherhewillB.neitherwon'
the
C.neitherwillheD.hewon'
tneither
22.Ihaven'
tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.
A.sohasheB.NeitherhehasC.HehastooD.Hehasn'
teither
23.“I'
mgoingtovisittheLuGouBridgetomorrow.”“.”
A.IamsoB.SoamIC.SogoID.SoIgo
24.Youaswellashetoblame(责备)fortheaccident(交通事故).
A.areB.isC.haveD.has
25.NeithermywifenorImyselfabletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.
A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.am
主谓一致练习题
1.Theold____welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.
A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was
2.Thesecretaryandmanager____verybusynow.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
3.Boththesecretaryandthemanager_____agreedtoattendthemeeting.
A.hasB.haveC.areD.was
4.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_____invitedtotheparty.
A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen
5.EitheryouorI_____goingtotheteachers‘officeafterclass.
A.amB.isC.areD.will
6.Mostofhissparetime____spentinreading.
A.areB.wereC.wasD.havebeen
7.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat____appearedthisyear.
A.havebeenB.hasC.hadbeenD.have
8.Tenthousanddollars_____quitealargesum.
A.areB.isC.wereD.have
9.About20percentofthework____doneyesterday.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
10.MrSmith,togetherwithhischildren,____arrived.
A.areB.hasC.isD.have
11.It____Iwho_____leavingforLondon.
A.is…isB.am…isC.is…amD.am…am
12.NotonlyTombutalsohiswife____fondofwatchingtelevision.
A.areB.wereC.beD.is
13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.
A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecided
C.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided
14.Althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy,therest______.
A.aredifficultB.hasproveddifficult
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