阅读常考题型应对技巧4Word格式文档下载.docx
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阅读常考题型应对技巧4Word格式文档下载.docx
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这些解释提供的信息明确具体,所使用的语言通俗易懂,利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义(definition)或释义(paraphrase)猜测词义
如果生词有一个句子(定语从句或是同位语(同位语前常有or,similarly,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say,i.e.等)或是同位语从句)或段落来定义,或使用破折号,冒号,分号后的内容和引号、括号中的内容加以解释和定义,那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
定义常用的谓语动词多为:
be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,becalled,define,represent,referto,signify等。
例1.Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?
Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claimsasitsown.
解析:
由定义可推知,这里territory指的是“动物的地盘”。
例2.HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.
Accordingtothepassage,ThePinesisa________.
A.placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomes
B.mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalley
C.townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalPark
D.restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood
2.根据举例猜测词义。
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例3.Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoversarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.
根据suchas后面列举的一系列例子,我们应该能推断出句中的epochal是指“重大的”。
Ⅱ.内在逻辑关系
1.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义
表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有:
unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等。
句子结构:
while引导的并列句。
表示比较关系的词和短语主要有:
similarly,like,justas,also,aswellas等。
例4.Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;
itcanbeabasketoffun.
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?
A.apartydesignedbyspecialists
B.aplanrequiringcarefulthought
C.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble
D.ademandmadebyguests
例5.Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语lovestotalk和loquacious之间的比较关系,其意义相近。
由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。
2.根据因果关系猜测词义
例6.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.
Theword“presumptuous”inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“________”.
A.fullofrespect B.tooconfidentandrude
C.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet
3.根据说明、并列、同义近义、反义等关系猜测词义
例7.WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn(纱线),goodandilltogether.”
Theunderlinedword“mingled”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.
A.simpleB.mixed
C.sadD.happy
例8.MostwomeninChina—educatedandilliterated,urbanandrural,theyoungandold—worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.
Ⅲ.构词法
在猜测词义过程中,我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识,从生词本身猜测词义。
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:
super(超),inter(在……之间),mini(极),micro(极微小的),re(再,反复),sub(底下),co(共同),post(后),pre(前),trans(转换),mis(误),un/in/im/dis/ir/il/non(不,非),anti(反,防),able(能……的),hood(状态,时期),ish(如……的,有点儿),proof(防……的),some(易于……),wards(向),less(不,无)
1.根据前缀猜测词义
例9.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononcoeducationalorsinglesexschools?
根据词根educational(教育的),结合前缀co(共同,一起),我们便可以猜出coeducational的意思是“男女同校教育的”。
2.根据后缀猜测词义
例10.It’saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland’smostsoutherlypoint.
后缀ise/ize意思是“使成为……;
使……化”,结合词根commercial(商业的),不难猜出uncommercialized的意思是“未被商业化的”。
3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例11.Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Welldesignedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward(别扭的)handpositions.
Welldesigned或许是个生词,但我们分析该词的结构后,就能推测出其含义。
它由well(好,优秀)和design(设计)两部分组成,合在一起便是“设计精巧的”意思。
4.猜测词性变换新词含义
例12.Theotherteams,disappointed,wereonthebusheadinghome.
head本为名词,表头。
由thebus和home的语境逻辑可以推断,该句head为动词,表示方向,结合全句可译为“开往、驶向”。
例13.Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.
cloud本为名词,表云。
分析语境逻辑可知,忧虑会影响一个人的判断,因此该句clouded应译为“使难以……”。
Ⅳ.生活常识
运用自身的生活经验及生活常识,根据上下文能读懂的部分,可以正确猜出词义。
下面文字中划线单词的词义你能猜出来吗?
例14.Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoods,andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing,seizing,pullingorholdingobjects.
句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们:
beaks是“喙”;
claws是“爪子”。
(二)技巧及注意事项
1.切记:
无论这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思;
无论这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。
2.正确选项通常不是熟词的常规含义。
(2014·
高考江苏卷)Sayyouintendtowatchafootballmatchbuttheticketsareexpensiveanditwilltakeyouacoupleofhourstogettoandfromthestadium.Whynot,youmightreason,watchthegamefromhomeandusetheleftover_money_and_timetohavedinnerwithfriends?
This—thealternativeuseofyourcashandtime—istheopportunitycost.
The“leftover...time”inParagraph3probablyreferstothetime________.
A.sparedforwatchingthematchathome
B.takentohavedinnerwithfriends
C.spentonthewaytoandfromthematch
D.savedfromnotgoingtowatchthematch
A
Didyouknowtigersarethelargestlivingspeciesofeat?
Bengaltigersaren’tthebiggest,buttheyarestillprettylarge.Themalesweigh180to258kgandfemalesweigh100to150kg.Adultmaletigersarelargerthanadultfemales.Anotherthingthatisdifferentaboutmaletigersisthattheyhavearingofhairaroundtheirnecks.
Haveyoueverheardatigerroar(嚎叫)?
Ifyouhavethenyouknowwhataloudandsometimesscarysounditcanbe.Tigersroarformanyreasons.Theyactuallyroarlessoftenthanlions.Thisisbecauselionsliveingroupsandmosttigersspendalotoftimealone.Oneofthereasonstheirroarissoloudthatitcanbeheardoverlongdistances.Atiger’sroarcanbeheardformanymiles.
Here’ssomethingreallyinteresting,in2000,researchersdiscoveredthattigersalsocommunicateinfrequencies(频率)thataretoolowforhumanstohear.Thesefrequenciesarecalledinfrasounds(次声波).Theycantravelforreallylongdistances.What’sreallyamazingisthattheselowsoundsgothroughobjectslikebuildings,forests,andmountains!
Besidesroaring,tigersalsomakeagrowl,hiss,purrandchuffsound.Tigersmakethechurlsoundwhengreetingothertigers.Theyroarduringthemating(交配)seasontocommunicateoverlongdistances.
Tigersalsousechemicalstocommunicate.Malesandfemalesmarktheboundaryoftheirareasbysprayingamixtureofurine(尿液)andscentontrees,grass,andbushes.Tigersalsoputscratchesontreetrunkstomarktheirboundaries.
Atiger’sbodyisbuiltforcapturingandkillinglargeprey.Tigershavepowerfullegsandaflexiblebackbone.Thishelpsthetigerstoquicklychaseandcatchpreyovershortdistances.Bengalscanleap10yardsandcanjump15feetintheair.
WildtigersarefoundonlyinAsia.Bengaltigersareprotected,andtheyarethenationalanimalofbothBangladeshandIndia.Tohelpprotectthetigers,thegovernmentinIndiahadaspecialconservationprogramcalledprojectTiger.Duetothisproject,thepopulationofwildtigersinIndianownumbersabout3,500whichisupfromthe1,200tigersthatlivedtherein1970.
Tigerscanliveinalmostanyclimate.Theyliveinlargehuntingareas.Tosurvivetheyneedwater,shadeandfood.Tigersarefoundinrainforests,hot,drywoods,andcold,snowyforests.Tigersalsoliveinmangrove(经济的)swamps,marshes,andtailgrasslands.Ingeneral,tigersliketobeinshade.Unlikelions,theyrarelygoontoopenplains.
1.Howcanwetellanadultmaletigerfromafemaletiger?
A.Bytheloudnessoftheirroar.
B.Byexaminingtheirpowerfullegs.
C.Bylookingatthehairaroundtheirnecks.
D.Bywatchinghowfasttheycanrun.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesixthparagraph“prey”mean?
A.Animalshuntedforfood.
B.Animalsrunningfasterthantigers.
C.Animalsrelyingontigersforfood.
D.Animalssearchingforfood.
3.Whydotigersroarlessoftenthanlions?
A.Becausetheyliveingroups.
B.Becausetheyneedn’tcommunicate.
C.Becausetheyseldomspendtimetogether.
D.Becausetheycommunicateinfrequencies.
4.Whydoesatigersprayamixtureofurineandscentontrees,grass,andbushes?
A.Inordertoshowhowpowerfulitis.
B.Inordertoattracttigersofadifferentsex.
C.Inordertolureotheranimalstocomenear.
D.Inordertowarnothertigersnortocomeintoitsboundary.
B
TherearenumeroussimilaritiesbetweenMuhammadAliandhis23yearolddaughterLaila.Sheistheonlyoneofhisninesonsanddaughterstohavethosegenesthatledtothering(拳击场).Herfather’sgreatstatushadnothingtodowithLaila’sdecisiontopursueaboxingcareer.Shehasalwaysbeenproudofhisachievements,buthewasneveragreatmantoher—justdad.
WhatattractedhertotakeupboxingwastheunusualsightoftwowomenintheringonthetelevisionscreenwhenshewasabouttowatchaMikeTysonfightfiveyearsago.Shewasveryexcitedandsaidtoherself,“Icandothat.”
Laila’sfatherwouldpreferhernottotakeupthedangeroussport.JohnnyMcClain,herhusbandandmanager(formerboxerhimself)feelsthesameway.Eventhoughboththemeninherlifeworryabouther,they’re100percentsupportive.“Theydon’twantmetogethurt,”shesays.
Longbeforeenteringthering,Lailawasafighter.Beingthedaughterofanoutstandingboxermadeheraneasytargetforhighschoolkidstoseehowtoughshewas.They,notshe,failedinthetest.Forthepublic,herbiggesttesttookplacelastsummerintheNewYorkStatewhenshetookonJacquiFrazierLyde,thedaughterofJoeFrazier,herfather’smostfamousopponent(对手)duringthe1970s.
That_fight_provided_the_biggest_shot_in_the_arm_that_women’s_boxing_has_received.Newsreporterspouredin.Somecalledit“Ali/Frazier-GenerationⅡ”.Nomatchinvolvingwomenhadeverattractedsomuchattention.Lailahadanarr
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