选择性必修第一册Uni2单元过关演练Word文档格式.docx

选择性必修第一册Uni2单元过关演练Word文档格式.docx

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Rapidadvancesinnewtechnologywillsoontransformsciencefictionintoreality—meaningpeoplewillhavedriverlesscars,smallrobotsattheircommandandtheabilitytoexperiencebeinginanotherplacewithoutleavinghome,predictedGoogleexecutivechairmanEricSchmidtattheMobileWorldCongressinBarcelona,theplanet’slargestcellphonetradeshow.

Introductionofbooksavailableonline,Internettranslationoflanguagesandvoicerecognitionforcomputersallhappenedmuchfasterthananyonecouldforeseeandthattechnologicalresearchintoevenmorepreviouslyunheard-ofadvancesisprogressingatafastspeed.

“Peoplewhopredictthatholograms（全息图）andself-drivingcarswillbecomerealitysoonareabsolutelyright,”Schmidttoldthousandsofattendees.Researchunderwaywillleadtosituationswherepeoplecanputthemselvesateventslikearockconcertsothattheycansee,hearandevenfeeltheevent.Andturndownthevolume,ifit’stooloud.

Oneattendeesaidshewasscaredthatthepossibilitycouldbedehumanizing,butSchmidtrepliedbyholdinguphiscellphoneintotheair.“Ithasanoffbuttonanditishereontheright,”Schmidtsaid.“Mypointisthatitisallaboutyourcontrol.Ifyoudon’tlikemyversionofarockconcert,I’mnotforcingyoutogo.Inthefuture,smallrobotscouldbeusedsobusypeoplecansendthemtoeventsforvideoandvoicetransmissionswhentheirpresenceisn’trequired,”Schmidtsaid.

Technologyinthenearfuturewillredefinetherelationshipamongpeopleintheworld.“Smarterresourcefulcitizensaregoingtodemandabetterdealfortheirnewlife,”Schmidtsaid.

（　　）1.Fromthepassage,thenewtechnology　　　　. 

A.largelydependsonsciencefiction

B.willeventuallyreplacehumans’presence

C.amazinglyimprovespeople’ssocialskills

D.canunexpectedlybringnewvariouschoices

（　　）2.WhydidSchmidtgivetheexampleinParagraph4?

A.Tolistadvantagesofthenewcellphone.

B.Toadviseawideruseofthenewcellphone.

C.Toremovepeople’sworryofthenewtechnology.

D.Tocomparethebenefitsofusingthenewtechnology.

（　　）3.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsrapidadvancesintechnology?

A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Uncaring.D.Doubtful.

B

Forallthetechnologicalwondersofmodernmedicine,fromgene-editingtofetal（胎儿的）surgery,healthcare—withitsfaxmachinesandclipboards（写字板）—isoftenstubbornlyold-fashioned.Thisoutdatederaisslowlydrawingtoacloseas,slowly,theindustrycatchesupwiththeartificialintelligence（AI）revolution.Anditshouldhavehappenedearlier,arguesEricTopol,aheartdoctorkeenondigitalmedicine.

DrTopol’svisionofmedicine’sfutureisoptimistic.HethinksAIwillbeparticularlyusefulforrepetitivetaskswhereerrorsariseeasily,suchasselectingimages,examininghearttracesforabnormalsymptomsorrecordingdoctors’wordsintopatientrecords.Inshort,AIissettosavetime,livesandmoney.

Muchofthisisimaginary—butAIisalreadydefeatingpeopleinavarietyofnarrowjobsforwhichithasbeentrained.Eventuallyitmaybeabletodiagnoseandtreatawiderrangeofdiseases.Eventhen,DrTopolthinks,humanswouldwatchovertherules,ratherthanbeingreplacedbythem.

Theauthor’sfearisthatAIwillbeusedtodeepentheassemblyline（流水线）cultureofmodernmedicine.Ifitawardsa“giftoftime”todoctors,hearguesthatthisadditionalbenefitshouldbeusedtoextendthetimeofconsultations,ratherthansimplyspeedingthroughthemmoreefficiently.

TheHippocraticoathholdsthatthereisanarttomedicineaswellasascience,andthat“warmth,sympathyandunderstandingmaybemoreimportantthanthesurgeon’sknifeorthechemist’sdrug”.Thatisnotjustacliché

:

thepatientsofsympatheticphysicianshavebeenshowntodobetter.AsDrTopolsays,itishardtoimaginethatarobotcouldreallyreplaceahumandoctor.Yetasdemandforhealthcaregoesbeyondthesupplyofhumancarers,thefuturemayinvolveconsultationsonsmartphonesandmeasurementsmonitoredbychatrobots.Theconsideratelywarmedstethoscope（听诊器）,placedgentlyonapatient’sback,maybecomehistory.

（　　）4.Accordingtotheauthor,healthcarehasbeengenerallyconsidered　　　　. 

A.tobringoutmanytechnologicalwonders

B.toboostthesalesoffaxmachinesandclipboards

C.tobeoutofdateandfailtokeepupwithmoderntimes

D.toconstantlycatchupwithnewtechnologicalprogress

（　　）5.AIissettosavetime,livesandmoneybecauseitcan　　　　. 

A.repeatdoctors’wordsandinstructions

B.correctdoctors’errorsandmistakes

C.selectdoctorsaccordingtopatients’demands

D.replacedoctors’tasksincertainfields

（　　）6.Theunderlinedword“cliché

”isclosestinmeaningto“　　　　”. 

A.anideasooftenusedthatbecomesuninteresting

B.anideasointerestingthatisoftenused

C.aneffectiverulethatappliestomedicineanddoctors

D.abenefittobothdoctorsandpatients

（　　）7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat　　　　. 

A.AIwillcompletelyreplacethejobsofdoctors

B.doctors’sympathyandunderstandingshouldnotbeignored

C.theapplicationofAIwilldiscouragetheassemblylineculture

D.AIwillbringwarmth,sympathyandunderstandingtopatients

C

ArobotcalledBina48hassuccessfullytakenacourseinthephilosophyofloveatNotreDamedeNamurUniversity（NDNU）,inCalifornia.

AccordingtocourseinstructorWilliamBarry,associateprofessoratNDNU,Bina48istheworld’sfirstsociallyadvancedrobottocompleteacollegecourse,afeathedescribedas“remarkable”.Therobottookpartinclassdiscussions,gaveapresentationwithastudentpartnerandparticipatedinadebatewithstudentsfromanotherinstitution.

Beforebecomingastudent,Bina48appearedasaguestspeakerinBarry’sclassesforseveralyears.OnedaywhenaddressingBarry’sclass,Bina48expressedadesiretogotocollege,adesirethatBarryandhisstudentsenthusiasticallysupported.RatherthanenrollingBina48inhis“RobotEthics:

PhilosophyofEmergingTechnologies”course,BarrysuggestedthatBina48shouldtakehiscourse“PhilosophyofLove”instead.LoveisaconceptBina48doesn’tunderstand,saidBarry.ThereforethechallengewouldbeforBarryandhisstudentstoteachBina48whatloveis.

“Someinterestingthingshappenedintheclass,”saidBarry.HesaidthathisstudentsthoughtitwouldbestraightforwardtoteachBina48aboutlove,which,afterall,is“fairlysimple—it’safeeling,”saidBarry.Buttherealitywasdifferent.Bina48endeduplearning“31differentversionsoflove,”saidBarry,highlightingsomeofthechallengeshumansmayfacewhenworkingwithartificialintelligenceinthefuture.

Bina48participatedinclassdiscussionsviaSkypeandalsotookpartinaclassdebateaboutloveandconflictwithstudentsfromWestPoint.Bina48’scontributiontothedebatewasfilmedandpostedonYouTube.ItwasjudgedthatBina48andNDNUclassmateswerethewinnersofthisdebate.

Inthenextdecade,BarryhopesBina48mightbecomecomplexenoughtoteachaclass,thoughhesaysheforeseesrobotsbeingusedtobettertheteachingandlearningexperience,ratherthanreplaceinstructorscompletely.

（　　）8.WhatwasBina48’sperformancelikeinclass?

A.Far-reaching.B.Insignificant.

C.Unattractive.D.Extraordinary.

（　　）9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“addressing”inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Dealingwith.B.Consultingwith.

C.Givingaspeechto.D.Sendingaletterto.

（　　）10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.ItwasquitetoughforBina48tolearnaboutlove.

B.Artificialintelligencemaysomehowbesuperiortoman.

C.ItwasinterestingforBina48tolearnaboutlove.

D.Humanscanlaunchachallengetoartificialintelligence.

（　　）11.WhatdoesBarrythinkofthefuturedevelopmentofBina48?

A.Itwillbeabletopromotelearningandteaching.

B.Itwillcompletelytaketheplaceofinstructors.

C.Itwillsurelybeabletoserveasateacher.

D.Itwillbesmartenoughtocontrolhumanbeings.

D

Whydowelaughandgetamusementfromsomanydifferentthings,frompuns（双关语）topratfalls?

Whyaresomethingsfunnytosomepeopleandnottoothers?

Howisthatwhileasuccessfuljokecancausepleasure,asickonecancauseseriousharm?

Overthecenturies,variousscholarshaveattemptedtoproduceauniversallyagreed-upontheoryofhumour.PlatoandAristotleintroducedthesuperiority（优越感）theory,theideathatpeoplelaughatthemisfortuneofothers.Theirtheoryseemstoexplainteasing,butitdoesn’tworkwellforknock-knockjokes.SigmundFreudarguedforhisrelieftheory,theconceptthathumourisawayforpeopletoreleasepsychologicaltensionandrevealtheirinnerfearsanddesires.Histheoryworkswellfordirtyjokes,lesswellformostpuns.

Themajorityofhumourexpertstodayagreewiththeincongruitytheory,theideathathumourariseswhenthere’sagapbetweenwhatpeopleexpecttohappenandwhatactuallyhappens.Incongruityhasalotgoingforit—jokeswithunexpectedfunnylines,forexample,fitwell.Butscientistshavefoundthatincomedy,unexpectednessisovervalued.

Withthegoalofdevelopinganew,moresatisfactoryexplanation,Iproduced“thegentleviolation（违背）theory”,theideathathumourariseswhensomethingseemswrongorthreatening,butisactuallyOKorsafe.Adirtyjoke,forexample,tradesonmoralorsocialviolations,butit’sonlygoingtogetalaughifthepersonlisteningisopenenoughtoconsiderthesubjectOKtotalkabout.Similarly,punscanbeseenaslinguisticviolationsthatstillmakegrammaticalsense.

Andwhilemosthumourtheori