工业工程专业英语电子版U1Word文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:19638428
- 上传时间:2023-01-08
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:6
- 大小:19.82KB
工业工程专业英语电子版U1Word文档格式.docx
《工业工程专业英语电子版U1Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《工业工程专业英语电子版U1Word文档格式.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
TheRolesofIE
Introductionengineering(IE)isemergingasoneoftheclassicandnovelprofessionsthatwillbecountedforsolvingcomplexandsystematicproblemsinthehighlytechnologicalworldoftoday.Inparticular,withtherapiddevelopmentofChina’seconomyanditsactingasacenterofworldmanufacturingindustries,thedemandforIEwillincreaseandwidencontinuouslyandurgently.
Aproductionsystemorservicesystemincludesinputs,transformation,andthesystemefficiencyandeffectivenessareimproved.Transformationprocessesrelyonthetechnologiesusedandmanagementsciencesaswellastheircombination.
Managingaproductionsystemorservicesystemisachallengingandcomplextask-onethatrequirestheknowledgeoffundamentalsciences,engineeringsciences,behavioralsciences,computerandinformationsciences,economics,andagreatnumberoftopicsconcerningthebasicprinciplesandtechniquesofproductionandservicesystem.
TheDemandforIEGraduates
IndustrialengineeringcurriculaaredesignedtopreparethestudentstomeetthechallengesofthefuturefortheconstructionofChineseeconomicandharmonioussociety.ManyIEgraduates(IEs)will,indeed,designandrunmodernmanufacturingsystemandfacilities.Otherswillselecttoengageinserviceactivitiessuchashealth-caredelivery,finance,logistics,transportation,education,publicadministration,orconsultingandsoon.
ThedemandforIEgraduatesisstrongandgrowingeachyear.Infact,thedemandforIEsgreatlyexceedsthesupply.Thisdemand/supplyimbalanceisgreaterforIEthanforanyotherengineeringorsciencedisciplinesandisprojectedtoexistformanyyearsinthefuture.Therefore,over165universitiesorcollegesopenedIEprograminChinain2006.
TheObjectivesoftheTextbook
ThemainpurposeofthistextbookistointroducesystematicaltheoriesandadvancedtechniquesandmethodologiesoftherelevantsubjectsofindustrialengineeringaswellastheirEnglishexpression.Theotheraimofthetextbookistostrengthenandimprovestudent’stheabilityofreadingandcomprehensionofspecializedEnglishliteraturesrelatedtoindustrialengineering.
EngineeringandScience
Howdidthetwowords“industrial”and“engineering”getcombinedtoformtheterm“industrialengineering”?
Whatistherelationshipbetweenindustrialengineeringandotherengineeringdisciplines,tobusinessmanagement,orthesocialsciences?
Tounderstandtheroleofindustrialengineeringintoday’seconomicandknowledge-basedera,itisbeneficialtolearnthehistoricaldevelopmentsthatwerehopefulintheevolutionofIE.Therearemanywaystowriteahistoricaldevelopmentofengineering.Thetreatmentinthisunitisbriefbecauseourinterestisinreviewingthesignificancesofengineeringdevelopment,particularlythoseleadingtoindustrialengineeringasaspecialty.Morecompletehistoriesareavailableinthereference.
Engineeringandsciencehavedevelopedinaparallel,complementaryfashion,althoughtheyarenotalwaysatthesamepace.Whereasscienceisconcernedwiththequestforbasicknowledge,engineeringisconcernedwiththeapplicationofscientificknowledgetothesolutionofproblemsandtothequestfora“betterlife”.Obviously,knowledgecannotbeapplieduntilitisdiscovered,andoncediscovered,itwillsoonbeputtouse.Initseffortstosolveproblems,engineeringprovidesfeedbacktoscienceinareaswherenewknowledgeisneeded.Thus,scienceandengineeringworkhandinhand.
EngineeringApplications-Tools
Although“science”and“engineering”eachhavedistinguishingfeaturesandareregardedasdifferentdisciplines,insomecasesa“scientist”andan“engineer”mightbethesameperson.Thiswasespeciallytrueinearliertimeswhentherewereveryfewmeansofcommunicatingbasicknowledge.Thepersonwhodiscoveredtheknowledgealsoputittouse.
WenaturallythinkofsuchoutstandingaccomplishmentsasthepyramidsinEgypt,theGreatWallofChina,theRomanconstructionprojects,andsoon,whenwerecallearlyengineeringaccomplishments.Eachoftheseinvolvedanimpressiveapplicationoffundamentalknowledge.
Justasfundamental,however,wereaccomplishmentsthatarenotaswellknown.Theincludedplant,thebow,thewheel,thecorkscrew,thewaterwheel,thesail,thesimplelever,and,manyotherdevelopmentswereveryhopefulintheengineer’seffortstoprovideabetterlife.
EngineeringBasis
Almostallengineeringdevelopmentspriorto1800hadtodowithphysicalphenomena:
suchasovercomingfriction,lifting,storing,hauling,constructing,fastening.Laterdevelopmentswereconcernedwithchemicalandmolecularphenomena:
suchaselectricity,propertiesofmaterials,thermalprocesses,combustion,andotherchemicalprocesses.
Fundamentaltoalmostallengineeringdevelopmentsweretheadvancesmadeinmathematics.Proceduresforaccuratelymeasuringdistances,angles,weight,andtimewerenecessaryforalmostallearlyengineeringaccomplishments.Astheseprocedureswererefined,greateraccomplishmentswererealized.
Anotherveryimportantcontributionofmathematicswastheabilitytorepresentrealityinabstractterms.Amathematicalmodelofacomplexsystemcanbemanipulatedsuchthatrelationshipsbetweenvariablesinthesystemcanbeunderstood.ThesimplerelationshipscommonlycalledthePythagoreantheoremisequaledissuchanexample.Thistheoremsaysthatthehypothenuseofarighttriangleisequaledasthesquaresoftheadjacentsides.Theuseofabstractmodelsrepresentingcomplexphysicalsystemsisafundamentaltoolofengineers.
Asafinalcommentonearlydevelopment,letuspaymoreattentiontoanearlydevelopmentthatdidnotoccur.Themissingearlydevelopmentisrelatedtothebehavioralsciences.Theunderstandingofhumanbehaviorhaslaggedgreatlybehinddevelopmentsinthemathematical,physical,andchemicalsciences.ThisisimportanttoindustrialengineersbecausethesystemsdesignedbyIEsinvolvepeopleasoneofthebasiccomponents.Thelakeofprogressinbehavioralsciencehasimpededtheindustrialengineerinhiseffortstodesignoptimalsystemsinvolvingpeople.
TheModernEraofEngineering
Basedonreference,itdefinesthemoderneraofengineeringasbeginningin1750,eventhoughthereweremanyimportantdevelopmentsbetween1400and1750.Therearetworeasonstochoose1750asthebeginningofmodernengineering:
(1)EngineeringschoolsappearedinFranceintheeighteenthcentury.
(2)Thetermcivilengineerwasfirstusedin1750.
CivilEngineering
Principlesofearlyengineeringwerefirstlearnedinmilitarycollegesandwereconcernedprimarilywithroad,bridgeandfortificationsconstruction.Thiskindofacademictrainingwasreferredtoasmilitaryengineering.Whensomeofthesameprincipleswereappliedtononmilitaryattempt,itwasnaturaltocallthemascivilianengineering,orsimplycivilengineering.
MechanicalEngineering
Withthedevelopmentofcivilengineering,therelevantdisciplineshadalsodeveloped.Interrelatedadvancementsinthefieldsofphysicsandmathematicssetupthegroundworkforpracticalapplicationsofmechanicalprinciples.Asignificantadvancementwasthedevelopmentofapracticalsteamenginethatcouldaccomplishusefulwork.Oncesuchanenginewasavailable(approximatelyin1700),manymechanicaldevicesweredevelopedthatcouldbedrivenbytheengine.Theseeffortsculminatedintheemergenceofmechanicalengineeringasadistinctbranchintheearlynineteenthcentury.
ElectricalEngineering
Thediscoveryandapplicationsofelectricityandmagnetismareanotherexampleofsuchadvancement,whichwerethefundamentalworkdoneinthelaterpartoftheeighteenthcentury.Althoughearlyscientistshadknownaboutmagnetismandstaticelectricity,anunderstandingofthesephenomenadidnotstartuntilBenjaminFranklin’sfamousKite-flyingexperimentin1752.Inthenext50yearsthefoundationofelectricalsciencewasbuiltupprimarilybyGermanandFrenchscientists.
ThefirstdistinguishingapplicationofelectricalsciencewasthedevelopmentofthetelegraphbySamuelMorse.Morsetelegraphisakindoftelegraphthatsendsmessagesusingdotsanddashesorshortandlongsoundsorflashesoflighttorepresentlettersofthealphabetandnumbers.ThomasEdison’sinventionofthecarbon-filamentlamp(whichisstillusedtoday)ledtowidespreaduseofelectricityforlightingpurposes.This,inturn,spurredveryrapiddevelopmentsinthegeneration,transmission,andutilizationofelectricalenergyforavarietyoflabor-savingpurpose.Engineeringwhochosetospecializeinthisfieldwerenaturallycalledaselectricalengineers.
ChemicalEngineering
Alongwiththedevelopmentsinmechanicalandelectricaltechnologieswereaccompanyingdevelopmentsintheunderstandingofsubstancesandtheirproperties.Thescienceofchemistrycameup,whichisconcernedwithunderstandingthenatureofmatterandinlearninghowtoproducedesirablechangesinmaterials.Fuelswererequiredforthenewinternalcombustionenginesbeingdeveloped.Lubricantswereneededfortherapidlygrowingarrayofmechanicaldevices.Protectivecoatingswererequiredforhouses,metalproducts,ships,andsoforth.Dyeswereneededinthemanufactureofawidevarietyofconsumerproducts.Somewhatlater,artificialmaterialswererequiredtocarryoutcertainfunctionsthatcouldnotbeperformedaswelloratallbynaturalmaterials.Thisfieldofengineeringeffortnaturallybecameknownaschemicalengineering.
Industry
Aftermakingclearofscience
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 工业 工程 专业 英语 电子版 U1