广东省成人高等教育学士学位英语词汇语法大全文档格式.docx
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广东省成人高等教育学士学位英语词汇语法大全文档格式.docx
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2.Today’slibrariesdiffergreatfrom_______.
A.thepastB.thoseofthepastC.thatarepastD.thosepast
3.Thepoliceinvestigatethe______aboutthebankrobbery.
A.stander-byB.standers-byC.stander-bysD.standers-bys
主谓一致
1.两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接,谓语用复数.
TomandDick___are____(be)goodfriends.
但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。
Asingeranddancer___was___(be)presentattheparty.
Theworkerandwriter__is_(be)talkingtothestudents.
2.用and连接的两个名词若被no,each,every,manya修饰,则谓语动词用单数。
Nobirdandnobeast___is____(be)seeninthebareisland.
Manyaboyandmanyagirl___has__(have)madesuchafunnyexperiment.
AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirl___is___(be)givenapresent.
3.两个主语由notonly…butalso,or,either…or,neither…nor 等连接时,谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致.
EitherheorI___am__(be)togothere.
__Are____(be)eitheryouorhegoingtoattendthemeeting
4.主语后有aswellas,like,with,togetherwith,but,except,besides,等,谓语应于前面主语保持一致.
Aprofessor,togetherwithsomestudents,__was___(be)senttohelpinthework.
Noonebuttheteachers__is___(be)allowedtousetheroom.
5.一些集合名词做主语,如果看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;
如果指其中的成员,谓语用复数.
如audience,committee,class,crew,family,government,public等.
但people,police等只能用复数.
Myfamily__is___(be)abigfamily.
Myfamily____are_(be)listeningtotheradio.
Thepolice__are__(be)tryingtocatchthethief.
6.表示时间、重量、长度等名词,尽管是复数形式,但作为一个整体看,谓语还是用单数。
Fiveminutes__is__(be)enough.
Onedollarandseventyeightcents_is_(be)whatshehas.
7.all作为主语,代表人物时,一般用作复数;
代表整个事件或情况时,一般看作单数。
AllthatIwant__is___(be)agooddictionary.
All___were/are___(be)silent.
人人都缄口无言。
万籁俱寂。
All__were/are____(be)outofdanger.
8.形容词加定冠词the表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。
Whatalifethepoor__were__(be)living!
Theyoung_are__(be)happytogivetheirseatstotheold.
9.who,which,that作定语从句的主语时,其谓语取决于先行词。
●Thosewhowanttogoshouldsignyournameshere.
●Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.
●Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.
10.以-ics结尾的学科名称通常作单数.
physics(物理学)、
mathematics(数学)、
mechanics(机械学)、
politics(政治学)、
statistics(统计学)、
economics(经济学)等
11.还有一些以-s接的单、复数同形的名词,如:
headquarters(总部),means(方法、手段),series(系列),species(种类),works(工厂)等,随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数,还是用作复数。
Aheadquarterswassetuptodirecttheoperation(指挥作战).
Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms(诉诸武力).
12.如果作主语的名词词组由“分数(或百分数)+of-词组”构成,其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。
Oversixtypercentofthecity__was__(be)destroyedinthewar.
Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctors__were____(be)women.
13.如果主语是allof...,someof...,noneof...,halfof...,mostof...等表示非确定数量的名词词组,其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。
例如:
Mostofthemoney__was___recoveredbyDeputyPlayer.
Mostofthemembers__were_____there.
Allofthecargo___was___lost.
Allofthecrew___were____saved.
14.如果主语是由“akind/sort/typeof,thiskind/sort/typeof+名词”构成,动词用单数。
Thiskindofmanannoysme.
但若在kind/sort/type之前的限定词是these/those,同时,of-词组中的名词又是复数,则动词用复数:
Thesekindsofmenannoyme.
Thosetypes/sortsofmachinesareuptodate(最新的,最近的,现代的).
15.1)由who,why,how,whether等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语,其后的动词通常用单数。
WhowillbechosentotheBeijingisnotdecided.
2).两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语,如果主语表示两件事情,动词用复数。
Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforitremainamysterytous.
1.TheeducatorandscholarfromShanghai.(2003年真题)
A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming
2.Manya____realizedthatthisdoesn’tmakeanysense.(2003年真题)
A.personshasB.personshaveC.personhasD.personhave
3.Whattheysaid_____usmuchtothinkabout.(2004年真题)
A.haveleftB.hasleftC.isleftD.areleft
4.Adoctor,alongwithagroupofyoungnurses,__goingtodemonstratetheheartoperationprocess.(2005年真题)
A.isB.areC.willD.shall
5.Neitheroftheemployeesnortheboss____satisfiedwiththeprofits.(2006年真题)
A.wereB.wasC.beD.been
6.Thecomputer,workingveryfast,___dataatthespeedoflight.(2007年真题)
A.handlesB.handlingC.HandledD.hashandled
7.Inthefallthecattlefromthehighcountrybackdowntothefarm.(2008年真题)
A.isdrivenB.aredrivenC.drivesD.drive
8.Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting______notdecidedyet.(2010年真题)
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
9.Aftercarefulinvestigationwefindthatoneofthestatements_______tobeuntrue.
A.isturnedoutB.havebeenturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.haveturnedout
10.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren______astronginfluenceonthecharacteroftheirchildren.(2012年真题)
A.haveB.hasC.havingD.had
冠词
1.the+adj.
theunemployed
thepoor/rich
thequestioned
thestruggled
thedisadvantaged
theinjured
Theinjuredweretakentohospitalfortreatment.
theold
theyoung
Thedisadvantaged,includingthedisabledandtheelderlyneedmorecareandsupportfromthesociety.
2.零冠词的使用
专有名词:
TiananmenSquare
节假日:
NewYear’sDay,Mayday,Christmas,AprilFools’Day(中秋,端午例外)
杂志:
NewsWeek,Times,Reader’sDigest
一年四季:
spring,summer,fall/autumn,winter
3.固定搭配及与冠词有关的表达
使用定冠词的表达
bytheway
intheend
inthefaceof
inthefuture
intheworld究竟,到底
intheleast丝毫,一点
Idon’tthinkyouneedtoworryintheleast.
我认为你一点都不用担心。
ontheaverage
onthecontrary
ontheonehand,ontheotherhand
onthespot当场,在现场
onthewhole总的来说
thedaybeforeyesterday
forthetimebeing
atthecostof以。
。
为代价
Moreandmorecountriesaredevelopingtheirindustriesatthecostofenvironment.
totheextentof到。
程度
tellthetruth
●使用不定冠词的表达
asamatteroffact,asarule,haveachance,haveagoodtime,haveasay,haveatry,keepaneyeon,onalargescale,inahurry,takeawalk,takeaninterestin
●不使用冠词的表达
atnoon/night/dawn,infrontof,atbottom,inorder,
inpublic/private/danger/trouble/advance/sight/
infashion,infact,athand,atlast,atpresent,dayandnight,ontopof,takepartin,takeplace
1、Themotheraskedtheboystoput____everythingin____orderbeforetheylefttheroom.(10)
A.the,aB.an,theC./,aD./,/
连词
一、连词属于虚词之一,它不能在句子里独立地担任句子成分,而只能起连接作用——连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。
Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee
(连接词与词)您是喝茶,还是喝咖啡?
Dowehaveourmeetinginthemorningorintheafternoon
(连接短语与短语)
我们是上午开会,还是下午开会?
Doitcarefully,oryou’llmakesomemistake.
(连接句子与句子)认真地干,不然会出差错的。
二、连词主要可分成两类:
①并列连词:
用来连接平行对等(即互不从属)的词、词组、或分句。
按其表示的不同意思有下面几种:
1)表示转折意思
but,yet,however,nevertheless
2)表示因果关系
for,so,therefore,hence
3)表示并列关系
and,or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also),both…and,aswellas
②从属连词:
是用来引起从句的,它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。
具体地说,从属连词主要引起名词从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)和状语从句,不会引起定语从句。
1.引起名词从句的连词:
that,whether,if
2.引起状语从句的连词:
1)时间状语从句:
when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,instantly,directly
2)地点状语从句:
where,wherever
3)原因状语从句:
as,because,since,seeing(that),considering(that),nowthat,notthat…butthat
4)目的状语从句:
that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase
5)结果状语从句:
that,so…that,such…that
6)条件状语从句:
if,unless,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)
7)让步状语从句:
though,although,nomatter,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever
8)比较状语从句:
than,as
9)方式状语从句:
as,asif,asthough
1、Westoredupsomefoodandwater____thingsgotworse.
A.eventhoughB.whatifC.nowthatD.incase
2.Weshouldlearnfromthislessonandconsiderthelong-terminfluenceofdams_______theshort-termbenefits.
A、ratherthanB.owingtoC.becauseofD.orelse
3.Herhairwasgoldenwhenshewasachild,butitwentdarker_____shegrewup.
A.IfB.asC.sinceD.even
4.Calltheuniversityoperator,____youwillfindthephonenumberofProfessorSmith.
A.SoB.andC.whenD.before
5._____itsgoodperformance,themachineistooexpensive.
A.BesidesB.Exceptfor
C.InspiteofD.Apartfrom
6.Youmaywriteane-mailtomeorjustphoneme._____willdo.
A.EachB.EitherC.NeitherD.None
7.---Doyoulikepopmusicorcountrymusic
---_____.Ionlylikesports.
A.EachB.EitherC.NeitherD.Both
8.Itwasalreadyteno’clockintheevening_______wearrivedatthehotel.
A.sinceB.whileC.thatD.when
9._______achangeofweather,pleasetakethecoatwithyou.
A.BecauseofB.Inspiteof
C.IncaseofD.Butfor
写作
写作中常用的过渡词可以分为以下几类:
(1)表并列关系的过渡词:
and,also,aswell,aswellas,or,too,notonly…butalso,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。
(2)表递进关系的过渡词:
besides,inaddition(加之,除……之外),moreover(此外,而且),what’smore,what’sworse等。
(3)表转折对比的过渡词:
but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,differentfrom,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,notonly…butalso,theformer…thelatter,thefirst…whereasthesecond,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,some…others等。
(4)表原因的过渡词:
because,becauseof,since,as,for,nowthat,thanksto,dueto,forthisreason,owingto,consideringthat,seeingthat等。
(5)表结果的过渡词:
so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat,then,hence,so…that,such…that,accordingly等。
(6)表条件的过渡词:
if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas等。
(7)表时间的过渡词:
when,while,after,before,until,assoonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,fromthenon,eventually,inthemeantime,then,suddenly,atthesametime,next,earlythismorning/year/century,afterawhile,inafewdays,now,presently,finally,atlast,allofasudden,formnowon,atpresent,immediately,themoment等。
(8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词:
first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,aboveall,firstofall,then,next,finally,intheend,atlast,afterwards(后来),meanwhile(几乎同时),thereafter(在那以后),last,finally,eventually(终于)等。
(9)表换一种方式表达的过渡词:
inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway等。
(10)表进行举例说明的过渡词:
forinstance,forexample,take…asanexample,namely,suchas,like,inotherwords,thatistosay,thatis等。
(11)表陈述事实的过渡词:
infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth等。
(12)表强调的过渡词:
certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant,infact,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,ofcourse,actually,asa
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