雅思阅读理解模拟题《谎言揭秘》Word格式.docx
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雅思阅读理解模拟题《谎言揭秘》Word格式.docx
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#39;
sChannel4,whichbroadcastvideosoftheresearchersatworkaspartofathree-partseriescalledLieLab.ThebrainstudyofthewomanlaterappearedinthejournalEuropeanPsychiatry.
Functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)purportstodetectmendacitybyseeinginsidethebraininsteadoftrackingperipheralmeasuresofanxiety&
mdash;
suchaschangesinpulse,bloodpressureorrespiration&
measuredbyapolygraph.Besidesdrawinghundredsofthousandsofviewers,fMRIhaspulledinentrepreneurs.Twocompanies&
CephosinPepperell,Mass.,andNoLieMRIinTarzana,Calif.&
claimtopredictwith90percentorgreatercertitudewhetheryouaretellingthetruth.NoLieMRI,whosenameevokesthecasualfamiliarityofawalk-indentalclinicinastripmall,suggeststhatthetechniquemayevenbeusedfor&
ldquo;
riskreductionindating&
rdquo;
.
Manyneuroscientistsandlegalscholarsdoubtsuchclaims&
andsomeevenquestionwhetherbrainscansforliedetectionwilleverbereadyforanythingbutmoreresearchonthenatureofdeceptionandthebrain.AnfMRImachinetracksbloodflowtoactivatedbrainareas.Theassumptioninliedetectionisthatthebrainmustexertextraeffortwhentellingalieandthattheregionsthatdomoreworkgetmoreblood.Suchareaslightupinscans;
duringtheliestudies,theilluminatedregionsareprimarilyinvolvedindecisionmaking.
ToassesshowfMRIandotherneurosciencefindingsaffectthelaw,theMac-ArthurFoundationputup$10millionlastyeartopilotforthreeyearstheLawandNeuroscienceProject.PartofthefundingwillattempttosetcriteriaforaccurateandreliableliedetectionusingfMRIandotherbrain-scanningtechnology.&
Ithinkit&
snotpossible,giventhecurrenttechnology,totrusttheresults,&
saysMarcusRaichle,aneuroscientistattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louiswhoheadstheproject&
sstudygrouponliedetection.&
Butit&
rsquo;
snotimpossibletosetuparesearchprogramtodeterminewhetherthat&
spossible.&
AmajorreviewarticlelastyearintheAmericanJournalofLawandMedicinebyHenryT.GreelyofStanfordUniversityandJudyIlles,nowattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,exploresthedeficienciesofexistingresearchandwhatmaybeneededtomovethetechnologyforward.Thetwoscholarsfoundthatliedetectionstudiesconductedsofar(stilllessthan20inall)failedtoprovethatfMRIis&
effectiveasaliedetectorintherealworldatanyaccuracylevel.&
Moststudiesexaminedgroups,notindividuals.Subjectsinthesestudieswerehealthyyoungadults&
makingitunclearhowtheresultswouldapplytosomeonewhotakesadrugthataffectsbloodpressureorhasablockageinanartery.Andthetworesearchersquestionedthespecificityofthelit-upareas;
theynotedthattheregionsalsocorrelatewithawiderangeofcognitivebehaviors,includingmemory,self-monitoringandconsciousself-awareness.
ThebiggestchallengeforwhichtheLawandNeuroscienceProjectisalreadyfundingnewresearch&
ishowtodiminishtheartificialityofthetestprotocol.Lyingaboutwhetheraplayingcardisthesevenofspadesmaynotactivatethesameareasofthecortexasansweringaquestionaboutwhetheryourobbedthecornerstore.Infact,themostrealisticstudiestodatemayhavecomefromtheLieLabtelevisionprograms.Thetwocompaniesmarketingthetechnologyarenotwaitingformoredata.Cephosisofferingscanswithoutchargetopeoplewhoclaimtheywerefalselyaccusediftheymeetcertaincriteriainanefforttogetscansacceptedbythecourts.Allowingscansaslegalevidencecouldopenapotentiallyhugeandlucrativemarket.&
Wemayhavetotakemanyshotsongoalbeforeweactuallyseeacourtroom.&
saysCephoschiefexecutiveStevenLaken.Heassertsthatthetechnologyhasachieved97percentaccuracyandthatthemorethan100peoplescannedusingtheCephosprotocolhaveprovideddatathathaveresolvedmanyoftheissuesthatGreelyandIllescited.
Butuntilformalclinicaltrialsprovethatthemachinesmeetsafetyandeffectivenesscriteria,GreelyandIlleshavecalledforabanonnon-researchuses.Trialsenvisagedforregulatoryapprovalhintatthetechnicalchallenges.Actors,professionalpokerplayersandsociopathswouldbecomparedagainstaverageJoes.Thedevoutwouldgointhescannerafternonbelievers.Testingwouldtakeintoaccountsocialsetting.Whitelies&
&
no,dinnerreallywasfantastic&
wouldhavetobecomparedagainstuntruthsaboutsexualpeccadilloestoensurethatthebrainreactsidentically.
Therepotentialforabusepromptscaution.&
Thedangeristhatpeople&
slivescanbechangedinbadwaysbecauseofmistakesinthetechnology,&
Greelysays.&
Thedangerforthescienceisthatitgetsablackeyebecauseofthisveryhighprofileuseofneuroimagingthatgoeswrong.&
Consideringthelongandcontroversialhistoryofthepolygraph,gradualismmaybethewisestcoursetofollowforanewdiagnosticthatprobesanessentialqualitygoverningsocialinteraction.
Question1-7
Usetheinformationinthepassagetomatchthepeople(listedA-D)withopinionsordeedsbelow.WritetheappropriatelettersA-Dinboxes1-7onyouranswersheet.
NByoumayuseanylettermorethanonce
AHenryT.Greely&
amp;
JudyIlles
BStevenLaken
CHenryT.Greely
DMarcusRaichle
1Thepossibilityhiddeninamissionimpossible
2Theuncertaineffectivenessoffunctionalmagneticresonanceimagingfordetectinglies
3Thehazardlyingbehindthetechnologyasaliedetector
4Thelimitedfieldsfortheuseofliedetectiontechnology
5Severalsuccessfulcasesofapplyingtheresultsfromtheliedetectiontechnology
6Consofthecurrentresearchrelatedtolie-detectortests
7Thereshouldbesomerequestedworktoimprovethetechniquesregardingliedetection
Question8-10
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?
Inboxes8-10onyouranswersheet,write
TRUEifthestatementistrue
FALSEifthestatementisfalse
NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage
8TheliedetectionforaconvictedwomanwasfirstconductedbyresearchersinEurope.
9Thelegitimizationofusingscansinthecourtmightmeanapromisingandprofitablebusiness.
10Thereisalwayssomethingwrongwithneuroimaging.
Question11-13
Summary
CompletethefollowingsummaryoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage,usingNoMorethanThreewordsfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes11-13onyouranswersheet.
Itisclaimedthatfunctionalmagneticresonanceimagingcancheckliesbyobservingtheinternalpartofthebrainratherthanfollowingup11toevaluatetheanxietyas12does.Audiencesaswellas13arefascinatedbythisamazinglie-detectiontechnology.
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- 关 键 词:
- 谎言揭秘 雅思 阅读 理解 模拟 谎言 揭秘