外文翻译用港口物流及供应链管理方法来评价港口绩效节选.docx
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外文翻译用港口物流及供应链管理方法来评价港口绩效节选.docx
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外文翻译用港口物流及供应链管理方法来评价港口绩效节选
2474单词,4400汉字
本科毕业论文外文翻译
外文题目:
Alogisticsandsupplychainmanagementapproachtoportperformancemeasurement
出处:
MARIT.POL.MGMT
作者:
KhalidBichouandRichardGray
原文:
Alogisticsandsupplychainmanagementapproachtoportperformancemeasurement
ByKhalidBichouandRichardGray
MARIT.POL.MGMT
2004VOL.31,NO.1,47–67
ABSTRACT
Althoughthereiswidespreadrecognitionofthepotentialofportsaslogisticscentres,widelyacceptedperformancemeasurementsforsuchcentreshaveyettobedeveloped.Theessenceoflogisticsandsupplychainmanagementisanintegrativeapproachtotheinteractionofdifferentprocessesandfunctionswithinafirmextendedtoanetworkoforganizationsforthepurposeofcostreductionandcustomersatisfaction.Thelogisticsapproachoftenadoptsacosttrade-offanalysisbetweenfunctions,processesandevensupplychains.Thisapproachcouldbebeneficialtoportefficiencybydirectingportstrategytowardsrelevantvalue-addedlogisticsactivities.Thispaperseekstoshowthatthroughconceptualizingportsfromalogisticsandsupplychainmanagementapproach,itispossibletosuggestarelevantframeworkofportperformance.Aproposedframeworkistestedinasurveyofportmanagersandotherinternationalexperts.
Introduction
Measuresofportefficiencyorperformanceindicatorsuseadiverserangeoftechniquesforassessmentandanalysis,butalthoughmanyanalyticaltoolsandinstrumentsexist,aproblemariseswhenonetriestoapplythemtoarangeofportsandterminals.Portsareverydissimilarandevenwithinasingleportthecurrentorpotentialactivitiescanbebroadinscopeandnature,sothatthechoiceofanappropriatetoolofanalysisisdifficult.Organizationaldissimilarityconstitutesaseriouslimitationtoenquiry,notonlyconcerningwhattomeasurebutalsohowtomeasure.Furthermore,theconceptofefficiencyisvagueandprovesdifficulttoapplyinatypicalportorganizationextendingacrossproduction,tradingandserviceindustries.
Portshaveanimportantroletoplayintheintegrationofallthreetypesofchannel.Therearemanyorganizationsoccupied(orpotentiallyoccupied)withlogisticsandsupplychainintegrationwithinandaroundports,mainlyintheroleoflogisticschannelfacilitators(oceancarriers,land-basedcarriers,portoperators,freightforwarders,portagents,etc.),butalsoaspublicinstitutionssuchasCustomsauthorities.Thispaperseekstoadoptanapproachthatincorporateswithinavalidframeworkofanalysisexistingmeasuresofportperformanceandefficiency,theassociationofportswithlogisticsandsupplychainmanagement,andappropriatemeasuresoflogisticsandsupplychainmanagementefficiency.
Backgroundliterature
Portperformanceandefficiency
UNCTADsuggeststwocategoriesofportperformanceindicators:
macroperformanceindicatorsquantifyingaggregateportimpactsoneconomicactivity,andmicroperformanceindicatorsevaluatinginput/outputratiomeasurementsofportoperations.Inthispaper,wefocusonthemicrolevel.Variousreferences,particularlyUNCTADmonographs,providearangeofportindicatorsbyratiotypeandcategoryofoperation.Therearemanywaysofmeasuringportefficiencyorproductivity,althoughreducibletothreebroadcategories:
physicalindicators,factorproductivityindicators,andeconomicandfinancialindicators.Physicalindicatorsgenerallyrefertotimemeasuresandaremainlyconcernedwiththeship(e.g.shipturnaroundtime,shipwaitingtime,berthoccupancyrate,workingtimeatberth).Sometimes,coordinationwithlandmodesoftransportismeasured,e.g.cargodwelltimeorthetimeelapsedbetweencargobeingunloadedfromashipuntilitleavestheport.Factorproductivityindicatorsalsotendtofocusonthemaritimesideoftheport,forexampletomeasurebothlabourandcapitalrequiredtoloadorunloadgoodsfromaship.Similarly,economicandfinancialindicatorsareusuallyrelatedtotheseaaccess;forexample,operatingsurplusortotalincomeandexpenditurerelatedtogrossregisteredtonnes(GRT)ornetregisteredtonnes(NRT),orchargepertwentyfootequivalentunit(TEU).Portimpactsontheeconomyaresometimesmeasuredtoassesstheeconomicandsocialimpactsofaseaportonitsrespectivehinterlandorforeland.Theresultsmaybeprovidedinportstatistics,e.g.theportofRotterdamorbyresearchinstitutessuchasISEMARinFrance.
Manyports,particularlythoseinurbanareas,haveinadequateland-sideconnections.Land-sideefficiencyalsoneedstobeaddressedwhenwaysaresoughttoexpandportcapacity.Portcapacityisdifficulttomeasureoreventodefine.Itis,nevertheless,likelytobeeasierforaporttomakebetteruseofexistingcapacityratherthansubsidizenewtransportinfrastructure.Alogisticsandsupplychainap
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- 关 键 词:
- 外文 翻译 港口 物流 供应 管理 方法 评价 绩效 节选