丘吉尔铁幕演说英文版10页Word格式文档下载.docx
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丘吉尔铁幕演说英文版10页Word格式文档下载.docx
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丘吉尔铁幕演说英文版10页@#@丘吉尔铁幕演说(英文版)(10页)@#@TheSinewsofPeace(丘吉尔的铁幕演说1946.3.5)WestminsterCollege,Fulton,?
@#@Missouri?
@#@IamgladtocometoWestminsterCollegethisafternoon,andamcomplimentedthatyoushouldgivemeadegree.Thename“Westminster”issomehowfamiliartome.Iseemtohaveheardofitbefore.Indeed,itwasatWestminsterthatIreceivedaverylargepartofmyeducationinpolitics,dialectic,rhetoric,andoneortwootherthings.Infactwehavebothbeeneducatedatthesame,orsimilar,or,atanyrate,kindredestablishments.?
@#@Itisalsoanhonour,perhapsalmostunique,foraprivatevisitortobeintroducedtoanacademicaudiencebythePresidentoftheUnitedStates.Amidhisheavyburdens,duties,andresponsibilities-unsoughtbutnotrecoiledfrom-thePresidenthastravelledathousandmilestodignifyandmagnifyourmeetinghereto-dayandtogivemeanopportunityofaddressingthiskindrednation,aswellasmyowncountrymenacrosstheocean,andperhapssomeothercountriestoo.ThePresidenthastoldyouthatitishiswish,asIamsureitisyours,thatIshouldhavefulllibertytogivemytrueandfaithfulcounselintheseanxiousandbafflingtimes.Ishallcertainlyavailmyselfofthisfreedom,andfeelthemorerighttodosobecauseanyprivateambitionsImayhavecherishedinmyyoungerdayshavebeensatisfiedbeyondmywildestdreams.Letme,however,makeitclearthatIhavenoofficialmissionorstatusofanykind,andthatIspeakonlyformyself.Thereisnothingherebutwhatyousee.?
@#@Icanthereforeallowmymind,withtheexperienceofalifetime,toplayovertheproblemswhichbesetusonthemorrowofourabsolutevictoryinarms,andtotrytomakesurewithwhatstrengthIhavethatwhathasbeengainedwithsomuchsacrificeandsufferingshallbepreservedforthefuturegloryandsafetyofmankind.?
@#@TheUnitedStatesstandsatthistimeatthepinnacleofworldpower.ItisasolemnmomentfortheAmericanDemocracy.Forwithprimacyinpowerisalsojoinedanawe-inspiringaccountabilitytothefuture.Ifyoulookaroundyou,youmustfeelnotonlythesenseofdutydonebutalsoyoumustfeelanxietylestyoufallbelowthelevelofachievement.Opportunityisherenow,clearandshiningforbothourcountries.Torejectitorignoreitorfritteritawaywillbringuponusallthelongreproachesoftheafter-time.Itisnecessarythatconstancyofmind,persistencyofpurpose,andthegrandsimplicityofdecisionshallguideandruletheconductoftheEnglish-speakingpeoplesinpeaceastheydidinwar.Wemust,andIbelieveweshall,proveourselvesequaltothissevererequirement.WhenAmericanmilitarymenapproachsomeserioussituationtheyarewonttowriteattheheadoftheirdirectivethewords“over-allstrategicconcept.”Thereiswisdominthis,asitleadstoclarityofthought.Whatthenistheover-allstrategicconceptwhichweshouldinscribetoday?
@#@Itisnothinglessthanthesafetyandwelfare,thefreedomandprogress,ofallthehomesandfamiliesofallthemenandwomeninallthelands.AndhereIspeakparticularlyofthemyriadcottageorapartmenthomeswherethewage-earnerstrivesamidtheaccidentsanddifficultiesoflifetoguardhiswifeandchildrenfromprivationandbringthefamilyupinthefearoftheLord,oruponethicalconceptionswhichoftenplaytheirpotentpart.?
@#@Togivesecuritytothesecountlesshomes,theymustbeshieldedfromthetwogiantmarauders,warandtyranny.Weallknowthefrightfuldisturbancesinwhichtheordinaryfamilyisplungedwhenthecurseofwarswoopsdownuponthebread-winnerandthoseforwhomheworksandcontrives.TheawfulruinofEurope,withallitsvanishedglories,andoflargepartsofAsiaglaresusintheeyes.WhenthedesignsofwickedmenortheaggressiveurgeofmightyStatesdissolveoverlargeareastheframeofcivilisedsociety,humblefolkareconfrontedwithdifficultieswithwhichtheycannotcope.Forthemallisdistorted,allisbroken,evengroundtopulp.WhenIstandherethisquietafternoonIshuddertovisualisewhatisactuallyhappeningtomillionsnowandwhatisgoingtohappeninthisperiodwhenfaminestalkstheearth.Nonecancomputewhathasbeencalled“theunestimatedsumofhumanpain.”Oursupremetaskanddutyistoguardthehomesofthecommonpeoplefromthehorrorsandmiseriesofanotherwar.Weareallagreedonthat.?
@#@OurAmericanmilitarycolleagues,afterhavingproclaimedtheir“over-allstrategicconcept”andcomputedavailableresources,alwaysproceedtothenextstep-namely,themethod.Hereagainthereiswidespreadagreement.Aworldorganisationhasalreadybeenerectedfortheprimepurposeofpreventingwar,UNO,thesuccessoroftheLeagueofNations,withthedecisiveadditionoftheUnitedStatesandallthatthatmeans,isalreadyatwork.Wemustmakesurethatitsworkisfruitful,thatitisarealityandnotasham,thatitisaforceforaction,andnotmerelyafrothingofwords,thatitisatruetempleofpeaceinwhichtheshieldsofmanynationscansomedaybehungup,andnotmerelyacockpitinaTowerofBabel.Beforewecastawaythesolidassurancesofnationalarmamentsforself-preservationwemustbecertainthatourtempleisbuilt,notuponshiftingsandsorquagmires,butupontherock.Anyonecanseewithhiseyesopenthatourpathwillbedifficultandalsolong,butifweperseveretogetheraswedidinthetwoworldwars-thoughnot,alas,intheintervalbetweenthem-Icannotdoubtthatweshallachieveourcommonpurposeintheend.?
@#@Ihave,however,adefiniteandpracticalproposaltomakeforaction.Courtsandmagistratesmaybesetupbuttheycannotfunctionwithoutsheriffsandconstables.TheUnitedNationsOrganisationmustimmediatelybegintobeequippedwithaninternationalarmedforce.Insuchamatterwecanonlygostepbystep,butwemustbeginnow.IproposethateachofthePowersandStatesshouldbeinvitedtodelegateacertainnumberofairsquadronstotheserviceoftheworldorganisation.Thesesquadronswouldbetrainedandpreparedintheirowncountries,butwouldmovearoundinrotationfromonecountrytoanother.Theywouldweartheuniformoftheirowncountriesbutwithdifferentbadges.Theywouldnotberequiredtoactagainsttheirownnation,butinotherrespectstheywouldbedirectedbytheworldorganisation.Thismightbestartedonamodestscaleandwouldgrowasconfidencegrew.Iwishedtoseethisdoneafterthefirstworldwar,andIdevoutlytrustitmaybedoneforthwith.?
@#@Itwouldneverthelessbewrongandimprudenttoentrustthesecretknowledgeorexperienceoftheatomicbomb,whichtheUnitedStates,GreatBritain,andCanadanowshare,totheworldorganisation,whileitisstillinitsinfancy.Itwouldbecriminalmadnesstocastitadriftinthisstillagitatedandun-unitedworld.Nooneinanycountryhassleptlesswellintheirbedsbecausethisknowledgeandthemethodandtherawmaterialstoapplyit,areatpresentlargelyretainedinAmericanhands.IdonotbelieveweshouldallhavesleptsosoundlyhadthepositionsbeenreversedandifsomeCommunistorneo-FascistStatemonopolisedforthetimebeingthesedreadagencies.Thefearofthemalonemighteasilyhavebeenusedtoenforcetotalitariansystemsuponthefreedemocraticworld,withconsequencesappallingtohumanimagination.Godhaswilledthatthisshallnotbeandwehaveatleastabreathingspacetosetourhouseinorderbeforethisperilhastobeencountered:
@#@andeventhen,ifnoeffortisspared,weshouldstillpossesssoformidableasuperiorityastoimposeeffectivedeterrentsuponitsemployment,orthreatofemployment,byothers.Ultimately,whentheessentialbrotherhoodofmanistrulyembodiedandexpressedinaworldorganisationwithallthenecessarypracticalsafeguardstomakeiteffective,thesepowerswouldnaturallybeconfidedtothatworldorganisation.?
@#@NowIcometotheseconddangerofthesetwomarauderswhichthreatensthecottage,thehome,andtheordinarypeople-namely,tyranny.WecannotbeblindtothefactthatthelibertiesenjoyedbyindividualcitizensthroughouttheBritishEmpirearenotvalidinaconsiderablenumberofcountries,someofwhichareverypowerful.IntheseStatescontrolisenforceduponthecommonpeoplebyvariouskindsofall-embracingpolicegovernments.ThepoweroftheStateisexercisedwithoutrestraint,eitherbydictatorsorbycompactoligarchiesoperatingthroughaprivilegedpartyandapoliticalpolice.Itisnotourdutyatthistimewhendifficultiesaresonumeroustointerfereforciblyintheinternalaffairsofcountrieswhichwehavenotconqueredinwar.ButwemustneverceasetoproclaiminfearlesstonesthegreatprinciplesoffreedomandtherightsofmanwhicharethejointinheritanceoftheEnglish-speakingworldandwhichthroughMagnaCarta,theBillofRights,theHabeasCorpus,trialbyjury,andtheEnglishcommonlawfindtheirmostfamousexpressionintheAmericanDeclarationofIndependence.?
@#@Allthismeansthatthepeopleofanycountryhavetheright,andshouldhavethepowerbyconstitutionalaction,byfreeunfetteredelections,withsecretballot,tochooseorchangethecharacterorformofgovernmentunderwhichtheydwell;@#@thatfreedomofspeechandthoughtshouldreign;@#@thatcourtsofjustice,independentoftheexecutive,unbiasedbyanyparty,shouldadministerlawswhichhavereceivedthebroadassentoflargemajoritiesorareconsecratedbytimeandcustom.Herearethetitledeedsoffreedomwhichshouldlieineverycottagehome.HereisthemessageoftheBritishandAmericanpeoplestomankind.Letuspreachwhatwepractise-letuspractisewhatwepreach.?
@#@Ihavenowstatedthetwogreatdangerswhichmenaceth
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