大学英语精读第四册教案U2Word格式文档下载.docx

大学英语精读第四册教案U2Word格式文档下载.docx

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WINDPOWER:

Anancientsourceundergoingarevivalwithmodernturbinetechnology

FOSSILFUELS:

Derivedfromlong-deadorganicandanimalmatter.Oil,coal,andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels.

SOLARENERGY:

Thesun’spowercanbeharnessedinvariousways:

byusingphotovoltaiccellstogenerateelectricitydirectly;

byusingthermalcollectorstomakesteamtogenerateelectricity;

byusingpassivesolarmaterialsthatmaximizeorretainthesun’sheat.

BIOMASS:

Biomassisvegetalororganicmaterial－includingdungandplants－andbiofuelsarethesolidorliquidorgaseousfuelsthatderivefromit.Wood,methaneandalcoholareallbiofuels.

NUCLEARENERGY:

Currentlyproducedby“fission”.Anatomissplit－usinguranium－andtheheatproduceddrivessteamturbinestogenerateelectricity.

3.AQuiz

4.AnEnglishSong

Listentothesongandfillintheblanks.

Green,GreenGrassofHome

Theoldhometownlooksthesame,

AsIstepdownfromthetrain.

Andtheretomeetmeismymammaandmypapa.

DowntheroadIlook,andthererunsMary,

Hairofgoldandlipslikecherries,

It’sgoodtotouchthegreengreengrassofhome.

Yes,they’llallcometomeetme,Armsa-reachin’smilingsweetly,

It’sgoodtotouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.

Theoldhouseisstillstanding,

Thoughthepaintiscrackedanddry,

Andthere'

sthatoldoaktree,

ThatIusedtoplayon.

Downthelane,I’llwalkwithmysweetMary,

Hairofgoldandlipslikecherries.

ThenIawakeandlookaroundme,

Atthefourgraywallsthatsurroundme,

AndIrealize.

YesIwasonlydreaming,

Forthere’saguardandthere’sasadoldpadre,

Arminarm,we’llwalkatdaybreak,

AgainI’lltouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.

Yesthey’llallcometoseemeintheshadeofthatoldoaktree,

Astheylaymemeetthegreen,greengrassofhome.

BackgroundInfo

1.Deer

Listentothefollowingpassage，writedownthewordsyouthinkimportant,thenretellthestoryaccordingtowhatyou’veheard.

Thereareabout100differentkindsofdeer.Someliveingrasslands.Othersliveinforests.Thefemaledeerbecomespregnantannuallyinlateautumn,producingonetothreeyounginlatespringorearlysummer.Thenormallifespanis15to20years.

2.EnergyCrisis

Listentothefollowingpassage，writedownthewordsyou’veheard.

Energycrisisreferstoacriticalshortageinthesupplyofenergy-producingfuels,suchasgas,oil,andcoal.Duringtheearly1970’s,thedemandforpetroleumincreasedsharply,andWesterncountriesdependedheavilyonimportedsupplies.ThesituationbecameworseduringtheArab-IsraeliWarof1973,whentheArabnationsreducedtotheUnitedStatesandothercountriesthatsupportedIsrael,causinganacuteenergyshortageinthesecountriesduringthewinterof1973to1974.

3.EcologicalSystem（Ecosystem）

Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblankswiththehelpofthewordsgivenbelow.

Effects,ecosystem,harmfulinsects,naturalenemies,factors,driveaway,farmland,lake,multiply

Asystemismadeupofagroupoflivingorganismsandtheirphysicalenvironment,andtherelationshipbetweenthem.Apond,alake,aforestoranoceanmaybeanecosysem.Anecosystemincludessuchfactorsasfoodsupply,weatherandnaturalenemies.

Anychangeinenvironmenthasfar-reachingeffectsonlivingthings.Theclearingofaforest,forexample,maydriveawaybirdsandaffectdrainage（排水）.Withoutbirdstokeepharmfulinsectsundercontrol,theinsectsmultiplyandmaydoseriousdamagetocrops.Withouttreestoholdbackrainwater,erosionmaysetinandruinfarmland.

Scanning

Scanthetextanddiscussinpairs,listthefactsaboutthelifeofdeerinfourseasons.

1.summer:

eatasmuchastheycan,storingtheexcessintheformoffat;

activeingrowing,reproducingorstoringfat

adultmales:

growantlersandgetfat

adultfemales:

givebirthtoyoung;

producemilk

fawns:

becomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandbegintosearchforgrowingplantsasfood

2.fall:

continuetoeathighqualityfoodinordertodepositfatforthewinter

3.winter:

reducetheiractivity,growawintercoatofhair,andlowertheirmetabolism;

usethereservesoffattosurvivethecoldwinter

4.spring:

becomeactiveagain

PassageAnalyze

parts

lines

Mainideas

1

1-6

Itisenergy,notloveormoney,thatmakestheworldgoround.

2

7-70

Takethedeerasanexampletoexplainthelifeofwildanimalsroundtheyearandhowtheycansurviveduringthehardtimesinwinter.

3

71-74

Lifedependsonenergy,thusthecyclecontinues.

WritingStyle

Thearticleisbothanexpositoryandargumentativewriting.Theauthorputsforwardthetopicinthefirstparagraph（LL.1~6）i.e.－“Energymakestheworldgoround.”

Inthefollowingparagraphs（LL.7~70）theauthordevelopsthetopicbydescribingingreatdetailthelifeofdeerinfourseasonsandvariousmeansbywhichtheysurvivethehardtimesinwinter.Theseevidencesshowthatlifedependsonenergy.Thisistruetohumanbeingsaswellasanimals.Bymakingacomparison（LL.51~62）betweenmankindandwhite-taileddeerinNorthAmerica,theauthorwantstoleadustopaymoreattentiontheimportanceofconservingtheenergy.Andalsotheauthordevelopsthearticlebyusingthewritingtechniquessuchasexemplification（LL.18~70）,causeandeffect（LL.7~17,LL.51~62,LL.71~74）,comparison（LL.51~62）,classification（LL.29~37）,etc.

Thelastparagraphisaconclusion,i.e.“Lifedependsonenergy,thusthecyclecontinues.”

BlankFilling

Somepersonssaythatlovemakestheworldgoround.Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalturnofmindsaythatitisn’noflove;

it’smoney.Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy,whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.Onthiscyclealllifedepends.

QuestionsandAnswers

1.Howdowildanimalssurvivethehardtimesinwinter?

Theyeatasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandthefall,storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce.

2.Whatisthebesttimeformilkproduction?

Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.

3.Whatistheuseoffatdeeraccumulateinsummerandfall?

Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesaredifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.

4.Whatchangestakeplaceindeerwhenwinterdrawsnear?

Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.

5.Whatfurthersafeguarddoesnatureprovidetohelpdeersurvivethewinter?

Theyhaveaninternalphysiologicalresponsewhichlowerstheirmetabolism,orrateofbodilyfunctioning,andhenceslowsdowntheirexpenditureofenergy.

6.Whatchangestakeplaceindeer’sbehaviorwhentheylowertheirmetabolism?

Theirbehaviorchangesfrommoreactivitiesinsummerandfalltolessaswinterprogresses.

7.Whatwillhappentodeerifdeepsnowscomeandtheweatherremainscoldforalongtime?

Somewilldie.

8.Whatisthefundamentalruleoflifeforwild,freewanderinganimals?

Onlythelargestandstrongestarelikelytosurvive－thesurvivalofthefittest.

Whatconclusiondoestheauthorsupply?

Lifedependsonenergy,andthusthecyclecontinues.

TEXT

Isthereanythingwecanlearnfromdeer?

Duringthe“energycrisis”of1973－1974thewriterofthisessaywaslivinginnorthernMinnesotaandwasabletoobservehowdeersurvivewhenwinterarrives.Thelessonshelearnsaboutthewaydeerconserveenergyturnoutapplicabletooureverydaylife.

DeerandtheEnergyCycle

Somepersonssaythatlovemakestheworldgoround.Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalturnofmindsaythatitisn’tlove;

it’smoney（另一些并不那么罗曼蒂克而更为注重实际的人则说，不是爱情，而是金钱。

）.Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy,whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.（能量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能量，能量再用来获取更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存，生命才成为可能）Onthiscyclealllifedepends.

Itisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandfall,storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce（差不多众所周知，野生动物得以年复一年地生存下去，主要依靠在夏秋生长旺季尽量多吃，将多余的部分以脂肪的形式储存起来，然后到了冬天食物稀少的艰难时期，就用这些储备的脂肪来维持生命。

）.But,itisprobablylesswellknownthatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.

①turnofmind:

adj.acharacteristictendencyorwayofthinking

Hehasanoptimisticturnofmind.

因为他的想法奇怪，行为也和别人极为不同。

Withaverypeculiarturnofmind,hebehavesverydifferentlyfromanyoneelse.