直接引语和间接引语Word下载.docx
- 文档编号:19543526
- 上传时间:2023-01-07
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:11
- 大小:21.78KB
直接引语和间接引语Word下载.docx
《直接引语和间接引语Word下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《直接引语和间接引语Word下载.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
在下列场合下,尽管陈述动词为过去时形式,间接引语中动词时,体形式不变。
a)引述客观事实,科学真理,现在习惯动作以及格言等内容
Hesaid,"
Theword'
laser'
isanacronym."
→Hesaid(that)theword'
isanacronym.
Shesaid,"
Iusuallygetupat6."
→Shesaidthatsheusuallygetupat6.
Teachersaid,"
AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy."
→TeachertoldusthatallworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy."
b)动词表示状态或动作在引述时仍在继续
"
Iamforty,"
hesaid.→-Hesaidheisforty.
c)位于动词包括无过去形式的情态动词
Hesaid,"
Youmustbeveryfondofart."
→HesaidthatImustbeveryfondofart.
d)原句的动词是虚拟式
Iinsisted,“Youshouldgiveupsmoking."
→Iinsistedthatheshouldgiveupsmoking.
e)when,while,since引导的时间状语从句
Ourteachersaid,"
It'
smanyyearssincehecametolivehere."
→Ourteachersaidthatit'
f)直接引语中的动作或状态发生的时间未到
"
Iwillbecomingtomorrow."
shesaid.→-Shesaidthatshewillbecomingtomorrow.
g)直接引语中有确定的过去时态
Thestorytookplacein1930s."
→Shesaidthatthestorytookplacein1930s.
注意:
无过去时形式的情态动词可做不同用法,是用于否定句,肯定句还是用于疑问句,以及是用于第一第二第三人称,在变为间接引语是都有可能采用其他形式。
例如:
must表示必、推测、禁止等意思时,可不变;
表示必须时可不变,也可用hadto或wouldhaveto。
Theseniorsaid,Allmenmustdie.→Theseniorsaidthatallmenmustdie.
Shesaid,Imustgotoseethedoctortomorrowafternoon.→Shesaidshemustwouldhavetogotoseethedoctorthenextafternoon.
②过去时间推移到过去的过去
最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去式形式。
一般过去时→过去完成时
过去完成时→过去完成时(不变)
过去进行时→过去完成进行时或不变
例:
Shesaidtome,Iwrotealettertomyparentsthreedaysago.
→Shetoldmethatshehadwrittenalettertoherparentsthreedaysbefore.
Whatwereyoudoingatsevenp.m.yesterdayheasked
→HeaskedmewhatIwasdoingatsevenp.m.thedaybefore.
直接引语变间接引语
●“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______never______meat.
●“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe__________________wallet.
●“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.
Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.
●Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.
●“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe______mettheday______.
●“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.
HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.
●“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.
Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.
●“Didyouseeherlastweek?
”hesaid.
He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.
●Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He______Jimthathe______sitthere
●Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?
Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.
答案:
1.he,ate2.told,had,found,his3.she,had,taken4.rise,goes
5.told,had,before6.had,there7.had,before
8.asked,if(whether),before9.told,could10.how,she,had
将来时间推移到过去将来时间
最常见的是把表示将来的助动词由现在时形式变为过去是形式
1.Itoldthemanager,”Therewon’tbeanyspareaircrafttomorrowmorning.”
—Itoldthemanagerthattherewouldn’tbeanyspareaircraftthenextmorning.
2.Hesaid,”We’refinishingourexperimentnextweek.”
—Hesaidthatwewerefinishingourexperimentnextweek.
3.Shesaid,”Themilkistogooffifyoudon’tdrinkittoday.”
—Shesaidthatthemilkwasistogooffifyoudon’tdrinkittoday.
但是,在引述时,如果原话中的动作或状态属于尚未到来的将来事态,那么,可以不推移到过去将来时间
Shesaid,”I’llbewaitingforyoutomorrow.”
—Shesaidthatshe’llbewaitingformetomorrow
人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化
由上述诸例可以看出,当陈述句由直接引语变为间接引语时,除去动词的时、体形式变化外,人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也要做出相应的变化
人称代词,除引述本人原话之外,通常由第一、二人称变为第三、四人称。
或者第二人称变为第一人称;
限定词也要做相应变化
例如:
SheaskedJack,"
Wherehaveyoubeen?
—SheaskedJackwherehehadbeen.
Hesaid,"
I’mgladtoreceiveyourletter.”
—Hesaidthatheisgladtoreceivemyletter.
指示代词this,these变为that/it,those/they或them:
指示限定词this,these变为that,those或the
Shesaid,“Iwillfisnishtheworkthismorning.”
—Shesaidthatshewillfisnishtheworkthatmorning.
Thesebooksaremine."
—Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.
时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况
1.时间状语和动词时、体形式两者都变
例如
Hesaid,”Itwascompletedayearago.”
—Hesaidthatithadbeencompletedayearbefore.
2.时间状语不变,动词时、体形式可变可不变
Marysaid,”WeleftBeijingat10thiseverning”
—Marytoldusthey’dleft/leftBeijingat10thiseverning”
3.时间状语变或不变需视具体情况而定,如果引述时间和说话时间相同(如同一年,同一月,同一天等),时间状语可以不变
Hesaidtome,"
IhavetaughtEnglishsince1998."
—HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsince1998
时间状语在间接引语中的变化规则
直接引语间接引语
nowthen
todaythatday
yesterdaythedaybefore,thepreviousday
thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore
tomorrowthefollowing/nextday
thedayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,intwoday’stime
nextweek/monththenextweek/month
lastweek/monththeweek/monthbefore
l练习
对下列句子做出直接引语和间接引语的转化
1.Iaskedherwhereshewasgoingandwhatshewasgoingtodothenextday
Iaskedher,“Whereareyougoingandwhatareyougoingtodotomorrow?
2.Shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday.
“I’llfinishmyworktomorrow,”shesaid.
3.Hesaidtome,“Areyougoinghomethisweekend?
HeaskedmeifIwasgoinghomethatweekend.
4.Marysaid,“IwenttoChinain1996.”
答案MarysaidshewenttoChinain1996.
5.Hesaidtohismother,“Ireceivedaletterfrommyfatheryesterday.”
答案Hetoldhismotherhehadreceivedaletterfromhisfatherthedaybefore
在空中填写正确的词
1.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.
2.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.
3.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe__________________wallet.
4.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.
5.“Didyouseeherlastweek?
答案1.told,had,before2.had,there
3.told,had,found,his4.had,before
5asked,if[whether],before
35.2疑问句的间接引语(QuestioninIndirectSpeech)
疑问句变为间接引语时,除应注意动词时体形式,代词以及时间、地点状语的变化外,还应当注意词序的变化,即把疑问语序变为陈述语序。
一、疑问句间接引语的引导词问题
引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时,通常用whether或if引导,而引述选择疑问句时,通常只用whether引导。
Doeshereallymeanit?
—Iwonderedwhether/ifhemeantit.
Theyliveingroups,don’tthey?
—Heaskedwhether/iftheylivedingroups.
Isthisbookyoursorhis?
—Sheaskedmewhetherthisbookwasmineorhis.
由what,when,where等引起的特殊疑问句转为间接疑问句时,用原句中的wh-词引导,用陈述句语序。
例如:
WhichchairshallIsitin?
—Heaskedmewhichchairheshouldsitin.
Whydidnotyoustopher?
—HeaskedwhyIhadnotstoppedher.
二、疑问句间接引语的交际功能问题
有些疑问句徒具形式,实际上并非提出询问,而是表示请求、提议、建议、劝告等意义,引述此类疑问句时,应借助于其他表达手段,表示相同的交际功能。
a)表示请求、劝告时,通常用ask/advice/want等+宾语+不定式"
结构。
"
Wouldyoubuymesomestamps?
”—Heaskedmetobuyhimsomestamps.
Whydonotyouphoneherfirst?
—Headvisedmetophoneherfirst.
b)表示建议时,通常用“suggest+-ing分词”等结构。
“Shallwegettheticketsfirst?
”—Hesuggestedgettingtheticketsfirst.
—Hesuggestedthatthey(should)gettheticketsfirst.
“Whydonotyousenditbacktothefactory?
”—HesuggestedthatI(should)senditbacktothefactory.
上述方法也适用于引述"
Whynot...?
"
Whatabout...?
等结构。
c)表示提议时,通常用“offer+不定式”等结构。
“ShallIpostthemtoyou?
”—Heofferedtopostthemtome.
Exercise.
1."
Doyouwanttogobybus?
heasked.
2."
DoyouknowwhereMr.Stonelives?
heaskedme.
3.Heasked,"
wheredoesshelive?
4.“Whyhavenotyoufinished?
”heaskedme.
5.Shesaid,"
Letusleavetheluggageatthestation."
6."
Wouldyoupleasesparemeafewminutes?
7."
ShallIpainttheceilingforyou?
8."
AreyougoingtomeetJohnforlunch?
mothersaid.
9."
IfIamfreeIshallgotherenextTuesday,"
hesaid.
10."
WherehasJohnlefthisbicycle?
Iasked.
Answer.
1.Heaskedwhether/ifIwantedtogobybus.
2.HeaskedmewhetherIknewwhereMr.Stonelived.
3.Heaskedwhereshelived.
4.HeaskedmewhyIhadnotfinished.
5.Shesuggestedleavingtheluggageatthestation./Shesuggestedthatthey/we(should)leavetheluggageatthestation.
6.Heaskedmetosparehimafewminutes.
7.Iofferedtopainttheceilingforyou.
8.Motheraskedwhether/ifIwasgoingtomeetJohnforlunch.
9.HesaidthathewouldgotherethefollowingTuesdayifhewasfree.
10.IaskedwhereJohnhadlefthisbicycle.
35.3祈使句和感叹句的间接引语
1.祈使句的间接引语
(1)祈使句通常采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构,引述动词通常是advise,ask,beg,command,encourage,forbid,invite,order,remind,request,tell,urge,warn等。
“sitdown,”Isnappedathim.
Isnappedathimtositdown.
Shesaid,“bringmeaglassofwater.”
Shebeggedtobringheraglassofwater.
(2)引述表示命令的祈使句时,可以用“动词+that-分句”结构,that-分句中谓语动词通常为“beto+不定式”或“havegotto+不定式”
Hesaid,“Donnotopenthedoor.”
HesaidthatIwasnottoopenthedoor.
Shesaid,“Comebackearlier.”
ShesaidthatIhadgottocomebackearlier.
(3)引述表示建议,劝告的祈使句时,可以用“sugget/say+that-分句”或“suggest+-ing分词”等结构
Hesaid,“Letusleavethecaseatthestation.”
Hesuggestedthatweshouldleavethecaseatthestati
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 直接 引语 间接