突破班 阅读和完形1文档格式.docx
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突破班 阅读和完形1文档格式.docx
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ex-ex-president(前总统)ex-wife(前妻)
fore-foretellforesee
mid-middaymidterm
post-postgraduatepostwar(战后)
pre-previewprecautionprewar
re-recallrebuild
表示“方向或位置的”
ex-exportexclude
extra-extranuclear(核外的)extraordinary
in-inlandinvade
im-immigrate(移入)import
inter-internationalinteraction(相互作用)
intra-intranuclear(核内的)intrastate(州内的)
sub-subwaysubmarine
tele-telescopetelevision
trans-transatlantictranscultural
表示“程度、大小或差别关系”
macro-macroeconomicsmacromolecule
micro-microeconomicsmicroscope
mini-minibusminiskirt
out-outnumber数量超过outdo胜过
over-overworkoveruse
super-supersonic超声速的superpower
ultra-ultraradical极端激进的ultrasonic超声波
under-underestimateunderdeveloped
vice-vice-presidentvice-principal
表示“数量”
bi-bicyclebimonthly
centi-centigrade百分度的centimeter
kilo-kilometerkilogram
mono-monoplanemonorail
multi-multifunctionalmultinational
poly-polysyllablepolyphase多相的
semi-semiconductorsemiofficial
tri-triangletricycle
uni-unicycle独轮车unilateral单方的
表示“方式或态度”
anti-antiwarantiaircraft防空的
auto-autobiography自传automobile
co-cooperatecoexistence
con-connectionconcentrate
col-colleaguecollect
com-combinecommoncompanion
cor-correctcorrelate相关
contra-contradiction反驳
counter-counterattackcountermeasure对策
变换词类的前缀
be-befriend以…朋友相待belittle轻视
en-enableendangerenlarge
em-embitter使愤怒empower使能够
其他的
bio-biochemistrybiology
mal-malnutrition营养不良maltreat虐待
pseudo-pseudoscience伪科学
therm(o)-thermionic热离子的thermometer
动词后缀
表示“使(成为)”,“使…化”
-enstrengthen(加强)weaken(使变弱)
-ifyclassify(分类)simplify(简化)
-izemodernize(现代化)realize(实现)
Samplepassage1
Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocome,workandlivehere?
InthewakeoftheSept.11attacksthesequestionshaveneverseemedmorepressing.
OnDec.11,2001,aspartoftheefforttoincreasehomelandsecurity,federalandlocalauthoritiesin14statesstaged“OperationSafeTravel”–raidsonairportstoarrestemployeeswithfalseidentification(身份证明).InSaltLakeCitytherewere69arrests.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworkers’illegalstatusmadethemopentoblackmail(讹诈)byterrorists.
ManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods.
MayorAndersonsaidthosefeelingswerejustifiedtoacertainextent.“We’resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,andthenwhenit’sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomakeapointintermofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.11,thenyou’redisposable.Therearewholefamiliesbeinguprootedforallofthewrongreasons,”Andersonsaid.
IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.AnaCastro,amanagerataBen&
Jerry’sice-creamshopattheairport,hadbeenworking10yearswiththesamefalsesocialSecuritycardwhenshewasarrestedintheDecemberairportraid.Nowsheandherfamilyarelivingunderthethreatofdeportation(驱逐出境).Castro’scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&
Jerry’s.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,theUnitedstatesclaimstobeanation____________.
A.composedofpeoplehavingdifferentvalues
B.encouragingindividualpursuits
C.sharingcommoninterests
D.foundedonsharedideals
2.HowdidtheimmigrantsinSaltLakeCityfeelabout“OperationsafeTravel”?
A.Guilty
B.Offended
C.Disappointed
D.Discouraged
3.Undocumentedworkersbecamethetargetof“OperationSafeTravel”because________.
A.evidencewasfoundthattheywerepotentialterrorists
B.mostofthemworkedatairportsunderthreatofterroristattacks
C.terroristsmighttakeadvantageoftheirillegalstatus
D.theywerereportedlyhelpinghideterroristsaroundtheairport
4.Bysaying“…we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare”(Lines3-4,Para.4),MayorAndersonmeans“_____________”.
A.wewillturnablindeyetoyourillegalstatus
B.wewillexaminethelawsinadifferentway
C.thereareotherwaysofenforcingthelaw
D.theexistinglawsmustnotbeignored
5.WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph?
A.Shewillbedeportedsoonerorlater
B.Sheisallowedtostaypermanently
C.Hercasehasbeendropped
D.Herfateremainsuncertain
Samplepassage2
Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherStars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heat,too,makesourenvironmentendurable.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.
Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Theunitofradiationiscalled“rem”.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged;
thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage—apersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsof
hisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthofdeformed(畸形的)childrenorevengrandchildren.MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighradiationandduringtheoutwardandreturnjourneys,theApollocrewaccumulatedalargeamountofrems.Sofar,nodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreported,buttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphere,workinginaspacelaboratory.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnoreallyeffectiveonesbeenfoundsofar.
6.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theatmosphereisessentialtomaninthat_______.
A.itprotectsmenagainsttheharmfulraysfromspace
B.itprovidessufficientlightforplantgrowth
C.itsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumansurvival
D.itscreensoffthefallingmeteors
7.Weknowfromthepassagethat___________.
A.exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationisfatal
B.theeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowincoming
C.radiationisavoidableinspaceexploration
D.astronautsinspacesuitsneedn’tworryaboutradiationdamage
8.TheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrewmembers__________.
A.isinsignificant
B.seemsoverestimated
C.isenormous
D.remainsunknown
9.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___________.
A.theApollomissionwasverysuccessful
B.protectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyjob
C.astronautswillhavedeformedchildrenorgrandchildren
D.radiationisnotathreattowell-protectedspaceexplorers
10.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_______.
A.TheAtmosphereandOurEnvironment
B.ResearchonRadiation
C.EffectsofSpaceRadiation
D.ImportanceofProtectionAgainstRadiation
Samplepassage3
Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworldnow.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationalandharmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelpyoungpeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-drivenera.
Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomemoreandmoreobvious."
Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage,"
saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily."
Unfortunately,it'
sasegmentthatseemsparticularlypopularwithkidsagedfromeighttofifteen."
Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontainedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid"
Thesearenotjustgamesanymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We'
reteachingkidsinthemostincrediblemannerwhatit'
sliketopullthetrigger.Whattheyarenotlearningarethereal-lifeconsequences."
Theyalsosaid"
Thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebettergraphicsandallowtheplayertoparticipateinevenmorerealisticviolentacts."
InthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwillhavedrivenoverandkilledupto33,000peoplebythetimealllevelsarecompleted.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:
"
Yourvictimsnotonlysquishunderyourfiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield,theyalsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem."
Isallthissimulatedviolenceharmful?
Approximately3,000differentstudieshavebeen
conductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisacon
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