论环境公益诉讼的原告主体资格问题外文翻译Word下载.docx
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论环境公益诉讼的原告主体资格问题外文翻译Word下载.docx
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Environmentalproblemshavebecomewidespreadconcernintwenty-firstCenturynationalproblem.Peopleinmanyconveniencestoenjoyeconomicdevelopmentprogressofscienceandtechnology,domore,alsobegantoreflectonandevenquestionedthe"
grace"
topaytheprice.Withtheincreasinglysevereenvironmentalpollution,manyindividualcitizens,socialorganizationshaveaccesstojusticeinordertosolvetheglobalproblem,environmentalpublicinterestlitigationandemergeasthetimesrequire.Asanewtypeoflawsuit,itbreaksthroughthelimitationoftraditionallawsuitplaintiffqualifications,playsavitalroleinProtectenvironment,safeguardingthepublicinterest,hasbeenadoptedbymanycountriesintheworld.Thebasicprincipleandthesystembasedontheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigation,someproblemsontheplaintiffqualificationof.
Environmentalpublicinterestlitigationreferstotheillegaladministrativeauthoritiesorotherpublicauthorities,companies,enterprisesorotherorganizationsandindividualsoromission,theenvironmentalpublicinteresttosufferinfringeuponoratrisk,thelawpermitsacitizenorgrouptoprotecttheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationtothecourtsystem.SomeAmerica,Britain,thecountrieshaveconfirmedtheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationsysteminlegislation.
Characteristicsoftheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigation
Firstofall,fromthelawsuitpurpose,environmentalpublicinterestlitigationfortheplaintifftoallownoninterestedcourtsandcases,safeguardtheinterestsoftheplaintiffthefootholdisnot,butinpromotingpublicwelfare,environmentalprotectionandpublicinterests,advocatedtoenvironmentalpublicinterestsratherthantheinterestsofprivateenvironment.
Secondly,fromthesubjectoflitigation,environmentalpublicinterestlitigationhasbrokenthelimitationbetweentheplaintiffandthecasemusthaveinterest,startingfromtheprotectionofenvironmentalpublicinterestpointofview,toanypersonororganizationinthepublicenvironmentfacingtheriskofharmordamagetothecourttostoporrestrainthedamagetotheright.Environmentalpublicinterestlitigationexpandsthedefinitionoftraditionallitigationsystemoftheplaintiff.
Onceagain,fromthefunctionoflitigation,environmentalpublicinterestlitigationhasobviouspreventionfunction,boththerecoveryfunction.Thattheplaintiffcanbesuedinthepossibilityofenvironmentalpublicinterestthereisdamage,requestthecourttoorderthedefendanttostoprelatedbehavior,withouttheenvironmentaldamagehasoccurredasprerequisiteoflawsuit.
Finally,lookattheeffectfromthelawsuit,environmentalpublicinterestlitigationinvolvingtheinterestsoftherelationshipwiththepublicandcollective,spreadwidely,thecourtinthislitigationthroughthewritofprohibitionordeclaratoryjudgmenttendtoinfluenceandchangethepublicpolicyenvironment.Thisdecisionnotonlyforthecaseofthepeopleinvolvedinthecasehavebindingforce,butalsoinfluenceandguidetothegeneralpublicisnotinvolvedinthecase.
Theconceptofenvironmentalpubliclitigation
Theplaintiffqualificationoftheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationreferstotheenvironmentaldamageordamage.Whentheenvironmentalpublicinterestlegal,canstartthejudicialremedyprocedurequalification.Differentplaintiffqualificationandplaintiffstatus,qualificationoftheplaintifffromspecificinfringementhasalreadymade,theplaintiffstatusisthelegalstatusofplaintiffqualificationinpeoplewithpropercourtlaterduringthecourseoflitigationhave.
Todeterminethestandardofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationplaintiffqualification
Publicinterestlitigationplaintiffshouldmainlyconsistsofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationpurposeoraimoftheestablishmentofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationtodecide,atthesametimereferenceinterestofotherfactors.Inessence,theproposedsourceofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationintheenvironment,itisthecharacteristicsoftheenvironmentdeterminesthatanyofaresourceoraregionalenvironmentaldamage,willsuffertheentiretyofenvironmentdestruction,anypollutionbehavior,willbeenvironmentalpublicinterestspotentialdamagedirectlyorindirectly.Therefore,todeterminetheplaintiffofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationsubjectqualificationoftheenvironmentalpublicinterestmustbeachievedinordertoensuremaximumasthestandard.
Relaxationofenvironmentalpubliclitigationlimit,sothatallinterestedinenvironmentalprotectionunitsandindividualshavethequalificationintheformoflitigationinordertoprotecttheenvironmentalpublicinterest.Inordertoachieveenvironmentalpublicinterestmaximumasthestandardtodeterminetheplaintiffinenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationsubjectqualification,whichrequiresinthejudicialpractice,mustbefreefromrestrictionsontheplaintiffqualificationoftheexistingprocedure,toasmanypeopleaspossibletoattractpublicenvironmentprotection,toachieveenvironmentalpublicwelfaremaximuminorderto.
Theplaintiffinenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationsubjectrange
Acitizen,legalperson,otherorganization.Inresponsetotheenvironmentalpollutionandthedestructionofnaturalresourcesoftheaction,havethecapacityforcivilrightsandcapacityforcivilconductcitizens,aslongasheandpollutingtheenvironment,naturalresourcesthedestroyerhascertaininterests,whetherthisrelationisactuallyalreadyexistormayoccurinthefuture,aslongasyoucanprovethisinterest,allhavetherighttobringalawsuit.Giveseverycitizenthepreventionandcontrolofenvironmentalpollutionandthedestructionofnaturalresourcesrights,canbetterpreventhazards,protecttheecologicalenvironmentwelivetogether.
Thetwoisapublicbenefitorganizationofenvironmentalprotection.China'
s"
socialorganizationregistersbambooregulations"
secondarticle:
asmentionedinthisRegulationreferstothesocialgroup,composedofvoluntaryChinesecitizens,inordertoachieveacommonintentionofmember,accordingtothenonprofitsocialorganizationinitsarticlesofassociationactivities.Therefore,theenvironmentalprotectioncommonwealorganizationgeneralsensecanbedefinedastheestablishment,bynongovernmentalorganizations,individualsinaccordancewithlaw.
Andtohavetheirownindependentregulation,organization,decision-makingproceduresandindependentsourcesoffundingfornon-profitorganizations,publicwelfareactivitiesmainlyengagedinenvironmentalprotectionassociation.Individualcitizensinenvironmentalprotectionaction,ofteninaweakposition,inthiscase,thevigorousdevelopmentofcivilsocietygroups,environmentalorganizations,andthegovernmentandthemarkettobecomethesecondforce,andbecauseofitspublicwelfare,professional,volunteer,democraticparticipation,multiplebenefitrepresentative,canmoreeffectivelytosolvecomplexenvironmentalproblems.Litigiousrightisthusgivenenvironmentalprotectioncommonwealorganizationenvironmentalpublicinterest,haveapositiveandpracticalsignificance.
Thethreeistheprocuratorialorgans.Alwaystheprocuratorialorgansareconsideredtoberepresentativeofthegovernment,isthepublicinterestsmaintenance.Somelocalofficialsinpursuitoftheso-calledachievements,tothelandofchaoschaos,destructionandwasteenvironment.Environmentaladministrativeactionofthegovernmenttomaketheadministrativerelativepersonisveryextensive,althoughtheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationsystemtosolvetheindividualcitizensnotbecauseofdirectinterest,maybringalawsuitforpublicinterests,buttheindividualbehavioroflitigationcostistoohigh.Therefore,anumberofpublicbenefitandnobody'
sembarrassment.Sotherecoveryofpublicprosecutionsystem,prosecutionbytherepresentativecountrieshastherightofpublicprosecutionasaprosecutor,canberealizedinpublictobalancepublicpurpose.Inthejudicialpractice,alsohasbeenpresentedbytheprocuratoratethecaseonbehalfofthestateownedassetsfiledpublicinterestlitigationcases.
Otherissuesofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationplaintiffqualification
Theanimalandnaturalobjectsastheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationproblems
Whetherthegivenanimalandnaturewiththeplaintiff'
squalification,Chinesescholarsthink:
theanimalandnaturalobjects,theycanbecalledasthemainenvironmentalright,tooearlybuttobecometheplaintiffoftheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigation.ButIthink,fromtheperspectiveoflegalrights,notonlyhastherightsofhumanbeings,inanimateobjectsasthelegalrelationshipbetweenpartiesisnotuncommon,suchasship,company,partnership,theirrightsandobligationsandnotbecausehewouldnotspeak,donotexpressandreduced,widespreadcorporateisfurtherevidencethatdoesnotshortcomingsofitsownexpressionabilitywillbecomeanobstacletotheexerciseoftherights,obligations.Inthespecificoperationcanadoptaflexibleway,asspecifiedinthecourtlitigationguardian,execution,protection,defenselawyersasaparty.
Futuregenerationsastheplaintiffofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationproblems
Scholarshavebeenraised,futuregenerationsshouldbethesubjectsofenvironmentalrights,thereforehavetherighttofileenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigation,justiceistheeternalpursuitoflaw,legalproblemsinenvironment
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