高中英语Module4GreatScientists模块综合测评外研版必修4Word文档格式.docx
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高中英语Module4GreatScientists模块综合测评外研版必修4Word文档格式.docx
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CharlesDarwindidn'
tsettlefor(满足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.And,hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.
Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?
Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'
tbeworthanything.
Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresentdayunderstandingsofphysics,ideasthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset_asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.
Scientistssometimestoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience.
【语篇解读】 有些问题的答案人们已经知晓,但人们没有想过这个问题是多么重要。
伟大的科学家CharlesDarwin常通过做实验来弄懂事情的来龙去脉。
1.ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________.
A.wasagreatEnglishscientist
B.alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficult
C.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportant
D.didn'
tgetwellwithothers
【解析】 短文并没有说CharlesDarwin是哪个国家的科学家,可排除A;
由文章可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验不值得做,可把B排除;
文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情,可排除D。
由第三段第二句中“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe”可推出答案C。
【答案】 C
2.Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans“________”.
A.throwaway B.storeup
C.puttouseD.realize
【解析】 由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的,它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的理解。
因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。
由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。
【答案】 A
3.Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.
A.convinceusthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworld
B.drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethings
C.provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeed
D.drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus
【解析】 短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单。
【答案】 D
B
TheNobelPrizewasfoundedbyAlfredNobel.Since1901,ithasbeenhonoringmenandwomenfromallcornersoftheglobeforoutstandingachievementsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literature,andforworkinpeace.
AlfredNobelwasborninStockholm,Sweden,onOctober21,1833.Hewasveryinterestedinsocialandpeacerelatedissues.Afterinventingdynamite(炸药),SwedishbornAlfredNobelbecameaveryrichman.However,heforesawitsuniversallydestructivepowerstoolate.Nobelpreferrednottoberememberedastheinventorofdynamite,soin1895,justtwoweeksbeforehisdeath,hecreatedafundtobeusedforawardingprizestopeoplewhohadmadeworthwhilecontributionstomankind.Originallytherewerefiveawards:
literature,physics,chemistry,medicine,andpeace.Economicswasaddedin1968,justsixtysevenyearsafterthefirstawardceremony.
Nobel'
soriginallegacy(遗产)ofninemilliondollarswasinvested,andtheinterestonthissumisusedfortheawards,whichvaryfromD|S30,000toD|S125,000.
EveryyearonDecember10,theanniversaryofNobel'
sdeath,theawards(goldmedal,illuminateddiploma,andmoney)arepresentedtothewinners.Sometimespoliticsplaysanimportantroleinthejudge'
sdecision.Americanshavewonnumerousscienceawards,butrelativelyfewliterature(文学)prizes.
Noawardswerepresentedfrom1940to1942atthebeginningofWorldWarⅡ.Somepeoplehavewontwoprizes,butthisisrare;
othershavesharedprizes.
【语篇解读】 诺贝尔奖创立于1901年,它是根据瑞典著名化学家、甘油炸药的发明人阿尔弗雷德·
贝恩哈德·
诺贝尔的遗嘱以其部分遗产作为基金创立的。
本文介绍了诺贝尔奖的创立、发展及其奖项设立的一些情况。
4.Whendidthefirstawardceremonytakeplace?
A.1895. B.1901.
C.1962. D.1968.
【解析】 从第二段最后一句“Economicswasaddedin1968,justsixtysevenyearsafterthefirstawardceremony.”可计算出,第一次颁发诺贝尔奖是在1901年。
【答案】 B
5.WhywastheNobelPrizeestablished?
A.Torecognizeworthwhilecontributionstohumanity.
B.Toresolvepoliticaldifferences.
C.Tohonortheinventorofdynamite.
D.Tospendmoney.
【解析】 从第二段倒数第三句“...hecreatedafundtobeusedforawardingprizestopeoplewhohadmadeworthwhilecontributionstomankind.”可知设奖的初衷。
6.InwhichareahaveAmericansreceivedthemostawards?
A.Literature.B.Peace.
C.Economics.D.Science.
【解析】 从第四段最后一句“Americanshavewonnumerousscienceawards,butrelativelyfewliterature(文学)prizes.”可知,美国在科学领域获诺贝尔奖最多。
7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A.Awardsvaryinmonetaryvalue.
B.CeremoniesareheldoneDecember10tocommemorateNobel'
sinvention.
C.Politicscanplayanimportantroleinselectingthewinners.
D.Afewindividualshavewontwoawards.
【解析】 从第二段可知,颁发诺贝尔奖是为了奖励人类做出的贡献的人,不是为了纪念诺贝尔本人的发明。
C 【导学号:
98180053】
WhenIsawabighandmadesignboard“WelcomeYuXin”attheairport,IknewIhadfoundacaringfamilyattheothersideoftheworld—theUnitedStates.
Myhostmomhadalreadydecorated(装饰)myroomforme.Therewasadollononesideoftheroom,andabookcasefullofbooksontheother—theyhadheardIlovedreading.Momhadalsopreparedakeyboardforme,sincesheknewthatIplayedthepiano.
Mylifeinthefamilydidnotgosowellatfirst.BecauseIamtheonlychildinmyfamilyinChina,Iwasnotusedtohavingtwoyoungerkids—ZacharyandGrace—runningaroundmeyelling(大喊大叫)allthetime.
MomhadaserioustalkwithmeaboutthisproblemonaSundayafternoon.Shetoldme,“Youcan'
tjustcomehomefromschooleveryday,gotoyourroomanddoyourhomework.Youneedtobeapartofthisfamily.Youneedtoplaywithmykidsforatleastanhour.”Thisrulewasveryannoyingatfirst.Ididnothavemuchexperienceplayingwithchildren.
However,themoretimeIspentwiththekids,themoreIgrewtolovethem.Weplayedgamesandreadbookstogether.IeventaughtthemChinese.Thankstomom'
srule,IbegantofeellikeIwasreallypartofthefamily.
Momalsoinspiredmetoliveahealthierlife.Shegotupearlyeverymorningtogorunning.Onweekends,shetookthewholefamilytovisitparksorgocamping.
IdidnotlikesportsmuchwhenIwasbackhome,butnowIlovetojoinallkindsofsports.Iamhealthierandmoreconfidenttoo.
WithmyAmericanfamily,Ifoundjoyandlaughter.Ilearnedtolivewithenergyandoptimism(乐观),thankstothecareandresponsibilityofmylovingAmericanparents.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了作者在美国寄宿家庭的生活,由于他们的关心和照顾,作者的思想也发生了变化。
8.Thepassageismainlyabout________.
A.theculturaldifferencesYuXinexperiencedinAmerica
B.howYuXinlearnedtogetalongwithyoungerkidsinAmerica
C.howmuchYuXin'
scaringhostfamilyinAmericachangedher
D.variousdifficultiesYuXinmetinAmerica
【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了作者在美国寄宿家庭的生活,由于他们的关心和照顾,作者的思想也发生了变化。
9.FromParagraph2,wecanseethat________.
A.thehostmomtriedhardtomakeYuXinfeelathome
B.thehostmomwasgoodatdecoratingrooms
C.YuXinwasfondofAmericandolls
D.YuXinkeptbusywithalotofhobbies
【解析】 根据文章第二段可知寄宿家庭的母亲为作者装饰了房间,准备了装满书的书柜,还为作者准备了键盘乐器,可推断A为正确选项。
10.WhatledYuXintofeellikeshewasreallypartofthefamily?
A.YuXin'
stalkswithherhostparents.
B.Havingtojoininsportswiththefamily.
C.Thehostmom'
sruleaboutplayingwiththekids.
D.Enjoyingweekendswiththehostfamily.
【解析】 根据文章第四段“Youneedtobeapartofthisfamily.Youneedtoplaywithmykidsforatleastanhour.”可知C为正确选项。
11.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethehostmom?
A.Caringandresponsible.
B.Strictandpatient.
C.Rudeanddemanding.
D.Selfishbuthealthy.
【解析】 根据文章最后一句话可知A为正确选项。
D
ScientistsatRoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondonandQueenMary,UniversityofLondonhavediscoveredthatbeeslearntoflytheshortestpossibleroutebetweenflowerseveniftheydiscovertheflowersinadifferentorder.Beesareeffectivelysolvingthe“travelingsalesmanproblem”,andtheyarethefirstcreaturesfoundtodothis.
Thetravelingsalesmanmustfindtheshortestroutethatallowshimtovisitalllocationsonhisroute.Computerssolveitbycomparingthelengthofallpossibleroutesandchoosingtheshortest,anditcankeepcomputersbusyfordays.However,beessolveitwithoutcomputerassistanceusingabrainthesizeofgrassseed.Dr.NigelRaine,fromtheSchoolofBiologicalSciencesatRoyalHollowayexplains,“Beessolvetravelingsalesmanproblemseveryday.Theyvisitflowersatmultiplelocationsandbecausebeesuselotsofenergytofly,theyfindaroutewhichkeepsflyingtoaminimum.”
Theteamusedthecomputertocontrolartificialflowerstotestwhetherbeeswouldfollowaroutedefinedbytheorderinwhichtheydiscoveredtheflowersoriftheywouldfindtheshortestroute.Afterexploringthelocationoftheflowers,beesquicklylearnedtoflytheshortestroute.
Aswellasimprovingourunderstandingofhowbeesmovearoundthelandscapepollinating(授粉)cropsandwildflowers,thisresearch,whichisduetobepublishedinTheAmericanNaturalist,hasotherapplications.Ourlifestylereliesonnetworkssuchastrafficontheroads,informationflowontheWebandbusinesssupplychains.Byunderstandinghowbeescansolvetheirproblemswithsuchatinybrain,wecanimproveourmanagementoftheseeverydaynetworkswithoutneedinglotsofcomputertime.Dr.Raineadds,“Despitetheirtinybrains,beesarecapableofextraordinaryfeatsofbehavior.Weneedtounderstandhowtheycansolve
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