届二轮复习话题写作专题历史与地理 11页word版Word格式.docx

届二轮复习话题写作专题历史与地理 11页word版Word格式.docx

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（使）毁灭；

n.（复）废墟；

遗迹

10.strikev.突然侵袭；

打击；

打动；

突然想到

11.threatenvt.威胁

12.abolishvt.废除

13.aggressionn.侵略

14.betrayvt.出卖；

泄露（机密）

15.distributevt.发放；

分发

16.droughtn.干旱

17.dynastyn.朝代

18.eruptvi.（火山）爆发；

喷发

19.frightenvt.使惊恐

20.foggyadj.有雾的

21.freezingadj.冰冻的；

极冷的

22.geographyn.地理

23.historicadj.有历史意义的；

历史的

24.historicaladj.与历史有关的

25.incidentn.事变

26.independencen.独立

27.invadevt.侵略

28.monumentn.纪念碑

29.mountainousadj.多山的

30.occupyvt.攻占；

忙于

31.originn.起源；

由来

32.religionn.宗教

33.religiousadj.宗教的

34.remoteadj.偏远的；

偏僻的

35.racialadj.种族的

36.revolutionn.革命

1.atwar在交战中

2.belocatedin坐落于，位于

3.berichin富含；

盛产

4.beseparatefrom与……分离

5.besurroundedby被……包围/环绕着

6.breakout（战争、火灾等突然）爆发

7.clearup清理；

清除；

天气转晴

8.datefrom起源于；

追溯到；

始于

9.declarewaron对……宣战

10.defendagainst抵御

11.inpeace和平

12.inthelongrun从长远来看

13.takeon呈现；

接受（工作）；

开始雇用

14.turnagainst背叛

15.votefor/against投票支持/反对

1.Havingrealizedthegreatharmcausedbythehazeandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment，peoplealloverthecountryaretakingmeasurestoreducethehazyweather.

意识到雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。

2.Standingonthetopofthehillisamonument，datingbacktohundredsofyearsago.

矗立在山顶上的是一座纪念碑，它可以追溯到几百年前。

3.Inancienttimes，thefastwaytotravelwastorideahorseorcarriage.

在古代，快速的旅行方式是骑马或是坐马车。

4.Highlyrespectedbyhispeople，hewaselectedthefirstblackpresidentofSouthAfrica.

由于受到人们的极大尊重，他当选为南非第一位黑人总统。

第二节　话题阅读

真题深度阅读训练

StepOne　真题体验

（2016·

全国Ⅱ，阅读理解D）

AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.

FrankHurley’spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirstratephotojournalism—iftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infact，theywereshotfrom1914through1916，mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck（海难），byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest，underfreezingwater，inthedamagedwoodenship.

TheshipwastheEndurance，asmall，tight，NorwegianbuiltthreemasterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall，tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarctica’sWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled（雪橇）acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.

AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwellresearchedstoryTheEndurance，adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott’slastjourney，completedashelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger，caughttheworld’simagination，andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton，aonetimeBritishmerchantnavyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908，startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley，aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic，washiredtomaketheimages，mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.

语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。

主要讲述的是FrankHurley收集的照片把过去一次不成功的南极洲的旅行活动重新展现了出来。

33.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?

A.Theyweremadelastweek.

B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.

C.Theywerefoundbyacameraman.

D.Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句“Infact，theywereshotfrom1914through1916，mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck（海难）...”可知，这些照片记录的是一次海难。

34.WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?

A.FrankHurley.B.ErnestShackleton.

C.RobertFalconScott.D.CarolineAlexander.

答案　C

根据第三段最后一句中的“CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912...”可知，最先到达南极的是RobertFalconScott。

35.WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?

A.Artisticcreation.B.Scientificresearch.

C.Moneymaking.D.Treasurehunting.

根据最后一段中的“...adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.”及“...startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.”可知，Alexander认为他1914年航行的目的就是为了挣钱发财。

StepTwo　信息句与长难句分析

1.（33题信息句）Infact，theywereshotfrom1914through1916，mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck，byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.

翻译：

事实上，这些照片拍摄于1914至1916年之间，大多由一位不可能生存下来的摄像师在沉船灾难发生后拍摄的。

分析：

句中mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck为独立主格结构；

句子后面为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词acameraman。

2.（35题信息句）AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwellresearchedstoryTheEndurance，adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.

正如作家CarolineAlexander在她有力又深入研究的书TheEndurance中明确解释的，当时的探险完全是出于商业目的。

句中as引导非限制性定语从句，且作从句中的宾语；

clear为从句中的宾补；

主句中主语为adventuring。

StepThree　深度阅读与拓展训练

真题精选对应训练

江苏，阅读理解C）

ElNiñ

o，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñ

oseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.

Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiñ

os，onbalance，thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñ

oin199798helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby

15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：

farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.

ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amultiyeardrought（干旱）insoutheastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñ

omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.

ThemostrecentpowerfulNiñ

o，in199798，killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth

36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñ

oscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI），however，just12%ofdisasterrelieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonriskreductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.

Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandcoauthors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiñ

o’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiñ

o，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.

语篇解读　本文是一篇科普说明文。

主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的由来、影响、危害等相关情况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。

61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñ

oinParagraph1?

A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.

B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.

C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.

D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.

根据第一段中的“ElNiñ

oseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.”可知，在海洋厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化。

62.WhatmayElNiñ

osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?

A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.

B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.

C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.

D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.

根据第二段第二句“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiñ

os，onbalance，thantheylose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺得到的东西要比它们失去的多。

63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.

A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction

B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid

C.victimsofElNiñ

odeservemorecompensation

D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

根据第四段倒数第二句中的“...however，just12%ofdisasterrelieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance...”可知，以往政府对减少风险的投入太少，应该加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。

64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.TointroduceElNiñ

oanditsorigin.

B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiñ

o.

C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiñ

D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiñ

解析　写作意图题。

根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“...helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetherisk...”可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。

第三节　话题写作

情景专练1

北京）假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。

你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。

请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“ActionsforaGreenerEarth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。

注意：

词数不少于60。

提示词：

地球日EarthDay

Ⅰ.记增分素材

1.张贴海报putupposter

2.号召某人做某事callupon/onsb.todosth.

3.参加系列活动joinintheactions

4.想出一个主意comeupwithanidea

5.把……变成turn...into...

6.赠送giveaway

7.为……感到自豪beproudof/takepridein

Ⅱ.练高分句式

ActionsforaGreenerEarth

AweekbeforeEarthDay，posterswereputuparoundourschool，

（1）callinguponustojoinintheactionsforagreenerearth（号召我们参加使地球更环保的系列活动）.

Ourclasscameupwiththeideatomakebetteruseofusedmaterials.Webroughttoourclassroomwornoutclothes，pie