《四书》语录六十条及其英译看古典汉语精髓Word文档下载推荐.docx
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《四书》语录六十条及其英译看古典汉语精髓Word文档下载推荐.docx
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1.子曰:
“学而时习之,不亦说乎。
有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。
人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎。
”
TheMastersaid,“Isitnotpleasanttolearnwithaconstantperseveranceandapplication?
Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?
Ishenotamanofcompletevirtue,whofeelsnodiscomposurethoughmenmaytakenonoteofhim?
’’
2.曾子曰:
“为人谋,而不忠乎?
与朋友交,而不信乎?
传不习乎?
ThephilosopherTsangsaid.“Idailyexaminemyselfofthreepoints:
--whether,intransactingbusinessforothers,Imayhavebeennotfaithful;
--whether,inintercoursewithfriends,Imayhavebeennotsincere;
--whether,Imayhavenotmasteredandpracticedtheinstructionsofmyteacher.’’
3.子曰:
“不患人之不己知,患不知人也。
TheMastersaid,“Iwillnotbeafflictedatmen’snotknowingme,IwillbeafflictedthatIdonotknowmen.”
4.子曰:
“诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:
思无邪。
TheMastersaid.“IntheBookofPoetryarethreehundredpieces,butthedesignofthemallmaybeembracedinonesentence…‘Havingnodepravedthoughts.’”
5.子曰:
“吾十有五而志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩。
TheMastersaid,“Atfifteen,Ihadmymindbentonlearning.Atthirty,Istoodfirm.Atforty,Ihadnodoubts.Atfifty,IknowthedecreesofHeaven.Atsixty,myearwasanobedientorganforthereceptionoftruth.Atseventy,Icouldfollowwhatmyheartdesired,withouttransgressingwhatwasright.”
6.子曰:
“温故而知新,可以为师矣。
Themastersaid,“Ifamankeepscherishinghisoldknowledge,soascontinuallytobeacquiringthenew,hemaybeateacherofothers.”
7.子曰:
“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。
攻乎异端,斯害也已。
由,诲女知之乎?
知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。
TheMastersaid,“Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost;
thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous.Thestudyofstrangedoctrinesisinjuriousindeed!
Yu,shallIteachyouwhatknowledgeis?
Whenyouknowathing,toholdthatyouknowit;
andwhenyoudonotknowathing,toallowthatyoudonotknowit;
--Thisisknowledge.”
8.哀公问曰:
“何为则民服?
”孔子对曰:
“举直错诸枉,则民服;
举枉错诸直,则民不服。
TheDukeAiasked,saying,“Whatshouldbedoneinordertosecurethesubmissionofthepeople?
”Confuciusreplied,“Advancetheuprightandsetasidethecrooked,thenthepeoplewillsubmit.Advancethecrookedandsetasidetheupright,thenthepeoplewillnotsubmit.”
9.子闻之曰:
“成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎。
WhentheMasterheardit,hesaid,“Thingsthataredone,itisneedlesstospeakabout;
thingsthathavehadtheircourse,itisneedlesstoremonstrateabout;
thingsthatarepast,itisneedlesstoblame.”
10.子曰:
“富与贵,是人之所欲也。
不以其道得之,不处也。
TheMastersaid,“Richesandhonorsarewhatmendesire.Ifitcannotbeobtainedintheproperway,theyshouldnotbeheld.”
11.子曰:
“见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。
TheMastersaid,“Whenweseemenofworth,weshouldthinkofequalingthem,whenweseemenofacontrarycharacter,weshouldturninwardsandexamineourselves.”
12.子曰:
“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之文也。
TheMastersaid,“Hewasofanactivenatureandyetfondoflearning,andhewasnotashamedtoaskandlearnofhisinferiors!
--OnthesegroundshehasbeenstyledWan.’’
13.季文子三思而后行。
ChiWanthoughtthrice,andthenacted.
14.子曰:
“默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦……”
TheMastersaid,“Thesilenttreasuringupofknowledge;
Learningwithoutsatiety;
andinstructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.”
15.子曰:
“……不义而富且贵,于我如浮云。
TheMastersaid,“…Richesandhonorsacquiredbyunrighteousnessaretomeasafloatingcloud.”
16.子曰:
“我非生而知之者。
TheMastersaid,“Iamnotonewhowasborninthepossessionofknowledge.’’
17.子曰:
“三人行,必有我师焉。
择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。
TheMastersaid,“WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem.’’
18.子曰:
“君子坦荡荡,小人长戚戚。
TheMastersaid,“Thesuperiormanissatisfiedandcomposed;
themeanmanisalwaysfullofdistress.”
19.子曰:
“不在其位,不谋其政。
TheMastersaid,“Hewhoisnotinanyparticularofficehasnothingtodowithplansfortheadministrationofitsduties.’’
20.子在川上曰:
“逝者如斯夫!
不舍昼夜。
TheMasterstandingbyastream,said,“Itpassesonjustlikethis,notceasingdayornight!
21.子曰:
“三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。
TheMastersaid,“Thecommanderoftheforcesofalargestatemaybecarriedoff,butthewillofevenacommonmancannotbetakenfromhim.’’
22.子曰:
“岁寒。
然后知松柏之后彫(diao)也。
TheMastersaid,“Whentheyearbecomescold,thenweknowhowthepineandthecypressarethelasttolosetheirleaves.”
23.子曰:
“其身正,不令而行;
其身不正,虽令不从。
TheMastersaid,“Whenaprince’spersonalconductiscorrect,hisgovernmentiseffectivewithouttheissuingoforders.Ifhispersonalconductisnotcorrect,hemayissueorders,buttheywillnotbefollowed.”
24.子曰:
“无欲速,无见小利。
欲速则不达,见小利则大事不成。
TheMastersaid,“Donotbedesiroustohavethingsdonequickly;
donotlookatsmalladvantages.Desiretohavethingsdonequicklypreventstheirbeingdonethoroughly.Lookingatsmalladvantagespreventsgreataffairsfrombeingaccomplished.’’
25.子曰:
“言必信,行必果。
TheMastersaid,“Theyaredeterminedtobesincereinwhattheysay,andtocarryoutwhattheydo.’’
26.子曰:
“志士仁人,无求生以害仁,有杀身以成仁。
TheMastersaid.“Thedeterminedscholarandthemanofvirtuewillnotseektoliveattheexpenseofinjuringtheirvirtue.Theywillevensacrificetheirlivestopreservetheirvirtuecomplete.”
27.子曰:
“工欲善其事,必先利其器。
TheMastersaid,“Themechanic,whowishestodohisworkwell,mustfirstsharpenhistools.’’
28.子曰:
“人无远虑,必有近忧。
TheMastersaid,“Ifamantakesnothoughtaboutwhatisdistant,hewillfindsorrownearathand.”
29.子曰:
“君子不以言举人,不以人废言。
TheMastersaid,“Thesuperiormandoesnotpromoteamansimplyonaccountofhiswords,nordoesheputasidegoodwordsbecauseoftheman.”
30.子曰:
“己所不欲,勿施于人。
TheMastersaid,“…Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.”
31.子曰:
“过而不改,是谓过矣。
TheMastersaid,“Tohavefaultsandnottoreformthem—this,indeed,shouldbepronouncedhavingfaults.
32.子曰:
“有教无类。
TheMastersaid,“Inteachingthereshouldbenodistinctionofclasses.”
33.子曰:
“饱食终日,无所用心,难以哉!
TheMastersaid,“Hardisittodealwithhim,whowillstuffhimselfwithfoodthewholeday,withoutapplyinghismindtoanythinggood!
34.心不在焉,视而不见,听而不闻,食而不知其味。
Whenthemindisnotpresent,welookanddonotsee;
wehearanddonotunderstand;
weeatanddonotknowthetasteofwhatweeat.
35.道得众,则得国;
失众,则失国。
是故君子,先慎乎德,有德,此有人,有人此有土,有土此有财,有财此有用,德者,本也,财者,末也。
Thisshowsthat,bygainingthepeople,thekingdomisgained,and,bylosingthepeople,thekingdomislost.Onthisaccount,therulerwillfirsttakepainsabouthisownvirtue.Possessingvirtuewillgivehimthepeople.Possessingthepeoplewillgivehimtheterritory.Possessingtheterritorywillgivehimitswealth.Possessingthewealth,hewillhaveresourcesforexpenditure.Virtueistheroot;
wealthistheresult.
36.在上位,不陵下;
在下位,不援上。
正己而不求于人,则无怨。
上不怨天,下不尤人。
Inahighposition,hedoesnottreatwithcontempthisinferiors.Inalowsituation,hedoesnotcourtthefavorofhissuperior.Herectifieshimself,andseeksfornothingfromothers,sothathehasnodissatisfactions.Hedoesnotmurmuragainstheaven,norgrumbleagainstmen.
37.君子之道,辟如行远必自迩;
辟如登高必自卑。
Thewayofthesuperiormenmaybecomparedtowhattakesplaceintraveling,whentogotoadistance,wemustfirsttraversethespacethatisnear,andinascendingaheight,wemustbeginfromthelowerground.
38.老吾老,以及人之老;
幼吾幼,以及人之幼。
Treatwiththereverenceduetoagetheeldersinyourownfamily,sothattheeldersinthefamiliesofothersshallbesimilarlytreated;
treatwiththekindnessduetoyouththeyounginyourownfamily,sothattheyounginthefamiliesofothersshallbesimilarlytreated.
39.以力服人者,非心服也,力不赡也;
以德服人者,中心悦而诚服也。
Whenonebyforcesubduesmen,theydonotsubmittohiminheart.Theysubmit,becausetheirstrengthisnotadequatetoresist.Whenonesubduesmenbyvirtue,intheirhearts’coretheyarepleased,andsincerelysubmit.
40.孟子曰:
“尊贤使能,俊杰在位,则天下之士,皆悦而愿立于其朝矣。
Menciussaid.“Ifarulergiveshonortomenoftalentsandvirtueandemploystheable.sothatofficesshallallbefilledbyindividualsofdistinctionandmark—thenallthescholarsoftheempirewillbepleased,andwishtostandinhiscourt.”
41.孟子曰:
“子路,人告之以有过,则喜;
禹闻善言,则拜。
Meneiussaid,“WhenanyonetoldTszd-loothathehadafault,herejoiced.WhenYuheardgoodwords,hebowedtothespeaker.”
42.孟子曰:
“天时不如地利,地利不如人和。
Menciussaid,‘‘OpportunitiesoftimevouchsafedbyHeavenarenotequaltoadvantagesofsituationaffordedbytheEarth,andadvantagesofsituationaffordedbytheEartharenotequaltotheunionarisingfromtheaccordofMen.
43.得道者多助,失道者寡助。
Hewhofindsthepropercoursehasmanytoassisthim.Hewholosesthepropercoursehasfewtoassisthim.
44.孟子曰:
“人之患,在好为人师。
Menciussaid.“Theevilofmenisthattheyliketobeteachersofothers.”
45.爱人者,人恒爱之;
敬人者,人恒敬之。
Hewholovesothersisconstantlylovedbythem.Hewhorespectsothersisconstantlyrespectedbythem.
46.今夫弈之为数,小数也,不专心致志,则不得也。
Nowchessplayingisbutasmallart,butwithouthiswholemindbeinggiven,andhiswillbenttoit,amancannotsucceedatit.
47.孟子曰:
“鱼,我所欲也;
熊掌,亦我所欲也。
二者不可得兼,舍鱼而取熊掌者也。
生,我所欲也,义,亦我所欲也,二者不可得兼,舍生而取义者也。
Menciussaid.“IlikefishandIalsolikebear’spaws.IfIcann
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