专题04 阅读理解议论文冲关真题训练备战高考英Word文档下载推荐.docx
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专题04 阅读理解议论文冲关真题训练备战高考英Word文档下载推荐.docx
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正确率
气候变暖
698
★★★☆☆
9分钟
OldProblem,NewApproaches
Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.
Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:
"Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation."Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.
Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(连体)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:
hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondspreventstarvationduringthewetseason.
ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉)water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel’sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.
IncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.
InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitsof"
100ideastosavetheplanet".
Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it’sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.
Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.
65.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies____________.
A.adaptationisanever-changingprocess
B.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtime
C.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationforms
D.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging
66.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject?
A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.
B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.
C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.
D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.
67.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?
A.Storingiceforfutureuse.
B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.
C.Changingtheirrigationtime.
D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.
68.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?
A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.
B.Theglobalwarmingtreadcannotbestopped.
C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.
D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.
69.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould____________.
A.adapttocarbonpollution
B.planthighlyprofitablecrops
C.leavecarbonemissionalone
D.fightagainstcarbonpollution
70.What’stheauthor’spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?
A.Settingupanewstandard.
B.Reducingcarbonemission.
C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.
D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.
【文章大意】文章大意:
文章关注的是我们熟悉的话题——气候变暖,不同的是,文章给出了一些应对气候变暖的新途径。
66.C【解析】根据第三段中的"MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster."可知,Rezwan会从危机中看到机遇,会充分利用现有条件。
67.A【解析】根据第四段中的"Norphel’sinspirationcomefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring."可知,把冰川融化后的水储存起来以备不时之需,是减少气候变暖危害的方法之一。
68.D【解析】根据倒数第四段中的"Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess."和倒数第三段中的"paintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice"可知,将墙壁涂成白色是利用了光的反射原理,这样可以缓解气候变暖。
70.B【解析】根据最后一段中的"Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution."可知,作者认为,最合理的方法仍然是减少二氧化碳的排放。
Passage2(2017·
天津卷)
三种不同种类的等待
375
6分钟
Ireadsomewherethatwespendafullthirdofourliveswaiting.Butwherearewedoingallofthiswaiting,andwhatdoesitmeantoanimpatientsocietylikeours?
Tounderstandtheissue,let’stakealookatthreetypesof“waits”.
TheverypurestformofwaitingistheWatched-PotWait.Itiswithoutdoubtthemostannoyingofall.Takefillingupthekitchensink(洗碗池)asanexample.Thereisabsolutelynothingyoucandowhilethisisgoingonbutkeepbotheyesfixedonthesinkuntilit’sfull.Duringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeofthecounterandontoyoursocks.Thiskindofwaitmakesthewaiterhelplessandmindless.
AcousintotheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait.Thisonerequiresabitofdiscipline.ProperlypreparingpackagednoodlesouprequiresaForcedWait.Directionsareveryspecific.“Bringthreecupsofwatertoboil,addmix,simmerthreeminutes,removefromheat,letstandfiveminutes.”Ihavemydoubtsthatanyonehasactuallyfollowedtheproceduresstrictly.Afterall,ForcedWaitingrequirespatience.
PerhapsthemostpowerfultypeofwaitingistheLucky-BreakWait.Thistypeofwaitisunusualinthatitisforthemostpartvoluntary.UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillhappen.
Turningone’slifeintoawaitinggamerequiresfaithandhope,andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsamongus.Onthesurfaceitseemsasridiculousasfollowingthedirectionsonsoupmixes,buttheLucky-BreakWaitwellservesthosewhoarewillingtodoit.Aslongasonedoesn’tcometorelyonit,wishingforafewgoodthingstohappenneverhurtsanybody.
Wecertainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.Thenexttimeyou’restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoodlesoupthatyou’llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don’tbedesperate.You’reprobablyjustasbusyasthenextguy.
51.WhiledoingaWatched-PotWait,wetendto___________.
A.keepourselvesbusy
B.getabsent-minded
C.growanxious
D.stayfocused
52.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheForcedWaitandtheWatched-PotWait?
A.TheForcedWaitrequiressomeself-control.
B.TheForcedWaitmakespeoplepassive.
C.TheWatched-PotWaitneedsdirections.
D.TheWatched-PotWaitengagesbodyandbrain.
53.WhatcanwelearnabouttheLucky-BreakWait?
A.ItislessvoluntarythantheForcedWait.
B.Itdoesn’talwaysbringthedesiredresult.
C.ItismorefruitfulthantheForcedWait.
D.Itdoesn’tgivepeoplefaithandhope.
54.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodothenexttimewearewaiting?
A.Takeitseriously.
B.Don’trelyonothers.
C.Dosomethingelse.
D.Don’tloseheart.
55.Theauthorsupportshisviewby_________.
A.exploringvariouscausesof“waits”
B.describingdetailedprocessesof“waits”
C.analyzingdifferentcategoriesof“waits”
D.revealingfrustratingconsequencesof“waits”
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。
文章主要通过介绍三种不同种类的等待来论述我们花费大量的时间来等待而且说明作者自己的观点,即充满希望和信念地等待。
51.B【解析】考查细节理解。
根据第二段的句子Duringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeofthecounterandontoyoursocks.Thiskindofwaitmakesthewaiterhelplessandmindless.可知选B。
53.B【解析】考查细节理解。
根据第四段的句子UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovolunt
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