寒假初中语法写作班Word文档格式.docx
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寒假初中语法写作班Word文档格式.docx
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但当man,woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men,women.
2.房间里有多少人?
[误]Howmanypeoplesarethereintheroom?
[正]Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?
[析]people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。
3.我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误]Iwanttobuytwobottleofmilkformyson.
[正]Iwanttobuytwobottlesofmilkformyson.
[析]表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a/an或数词+表量的可数名词+of+不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。
[第二类]动词类
4.你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?
[误]Whattimedoesyoursisterusuallygoestoschool?
[正]Whattimedoesyoursisterusuallygotoschool?
[析]借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。
5.琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。
[误]Lindaoftendoherhomeworkintheevening,butthiseveningshewatchingTV.
[正]Lindaoftendoesherhomeworkintheevening,butthiseveningsheiswatchingTV.
[析]在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:
一般现在时和现在进行时。
一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often,usually,sometimes等时间状语连用。
在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。
现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am/is/are)+ving形式构成。
6这双鞋是红色的。
[误]Thispairofshoesarered.
[正]Thispairofshoesisred.
[析]在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。
[第三类]代词类
7.这张票是她的,不是我的。
[误]Thisishersticket.It’snotmy.
[正]Thisisherticket.It’snotmine.
[析]物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。
形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。
8.吴老师教我们英语。
[误]MissWuteachesourEnglish.
[正]MissWuteachesusEnglish.
[析]teachsb.sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。
[第四类]介词类
9.你能找到这个问题的答案吗?
[误]Canyoufindtheanswerofthisquestion?
[正]Canyoufindtheanswertothisquestion?
[析]英语中用“theanswerto…”表示“……的答案”。
类似结构还有thekeytothedoor,thewaytothezoo等。
10.格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误]MrGreenwillcomehereinSundayevening.
[正]MrGreenwillcomehereonSundayevening.
[析]表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;
而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.
11.那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。
[误]Thatlittlegirlonaredskirtisourteacher’sdaughter.
[正]Thatlittlegirlinaredskirtisourteacher’sdaughter.
[析]用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。
[第五类]副词类
12.莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?
[误]Lily,whydon’tyougotohome?
[正]Lily,whydon’tyougohome?
[析]come,go等后接here,there,home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。
[第六类]连词类
13.我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。
[误]IlikeChineseandEnglish,butIdon’tlikeP.E.andhistory.
[正]IlikeChineseandEnglish,butIdon’tlikeP.E.orhistory.
[析]在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;
而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or。
[第七类]冠词类
14.乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。
[误]IttakesSmithsahourtogotoBeijingbyaplane.
[正]IttakestheSmithsanhourtogotoBeijingbyplane.
[析]1.表示“……一家人”用结构“the+姓氏复数”;
2.our一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用anhour;
3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。
[第八类]句法类
15.
――你不是学生吗?
――不,我是学生。
[误]――Aren’tyouastudent?
――No,Iam.[正]――Aren’tyouastudent?
――Yes,Iam.
[析]对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:
如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;
如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。
Lesson2介词专项
⏹早、午、晚要用in
⏹例:
inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inthedaytime
⏹At用于黎明、午、夜、点与分
⏹例:
atdawn,atdaybreak在黎明时候atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,以上短语都不用冠词atsixo'
clock,at7:
30:
athalfpasteleven,attheweekend
⏹年、月、年月、季节、周即在“来年”,在“某月”,在“某年某月”(但在某年某月某日则用on),在四季,在第几周,将来时等都要用in。
⏹in1986inAprilinDecember1986inspringinautumn
⏹inthefistweekofthissemesterinthethirdweek.Theywillcomebackin10days.
⏹在第三周阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in,即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
⏹Don'
treadindimlight.
⏹inuniform
⏹Hewentintheraintomeetmeatthestation.
⏹Thepoordressedinragsinoldsociety.
⏹inthebrightsunlight
⏹日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚;
皆用on
⏹onOctoberthefirst1949onFebruarythethirteenthl893
⏹onmybirthdayonthesixteenth
⏹onthesecondofJanuaryonJanuarythesecond
⏹onasummereveningonNewYear'
sDay
⏹onMaythefirstatthepresentday
⏹onwinterdayonSunday
⏹onSaturdayafternoonontime
⏹onthemorningof18th
精编练习:
1.Let'
smeet___________sixo'
clock.
2.Hewasborn___________July.
3.Iwentthere___________1978.
4.She'
llbeatwork___________Friday.
5.Wemet___________Christmasday.
6.TheydrovetoRochester___________September15th.
7.Wearrivedinthiscountry___________October.
8.Ilovetogoshopping___________Christmastime.
9.Wegetupearly___________themorning.
10.Doyoudream___________night?
11.Whatdoyoulikedoing___________weekends?
12.He'
sworkingonhishomework___________themoment.
13.IlivedintheUS___________the1980s.
14.I'
llseeyou___________afewweeks.
15.Welikegoingtothemovies___________Fridays.
二用正确介词填空
________theend________thosedays
________awintermorning________theMondaymorning
________awedding________Christmas
________dawn________firstsight
________theendof________themoment
________thenextmorning________one'
sbirthday
________sunset________midnight
________last________acertainday
Unit2时态
英语时态是英语语法中的第一道难关,攻下此难关是作文、阅读、口语之关键。
汉语用不同词表达相应时态,而英语用同一词的不同变化形式表达时态。
英语各种时态构成表:
以play为例:
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
完成进行时态
现在
play
is
has
plays
amplaying
haveplayed
havebeenplaying
are
过去
played
was
hadplayed
hadbeenplaying
wereplaying
将来
shall
willplay
willbeplaying
willhaveplayed
willhavebeenplaying
should
wouldplay
wouldbeplaying
wouldhaveplayed
wouldhavebeenplaying
Lesson1过去进行时:
were/was+现在分词
1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。
►.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.
►.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.
►.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.
2.用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。
►.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.
►.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.
3.过去某时将发生的事。
可参考—2(4)
►.TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork.
►.HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.
测试精编:
一填入以下单词的正确形式
1.Itwaswarm,soI________offmycoat(take).
2.John_________(take)aphotographofmewhileI__________(not/look).
3.Jane______________________(wait)formewhenI__________(arrive).
4.Suewasn’thungry,soshe____________anything.(eat)
5.Itwashardworkcarryingthebags.They_____________veryheavy.(be)
6.WhenIwasyoung,I____________(want)tobeabusdriver.
7.MybrothercameintothebedroomwhileI___________(dance).
8.________he__________(lie)onthegroundatnineyesterdayevening?
9.What__________Jim__________(write)whentheteachercamein?
10.TheReads__________(nothave)lunchwhenIgottotheirhouse.
11.MikeandI________(play)basketballatthattimeyesterdayafternoon.
二.选择填空
1.Mybrother___whilehe___hisbicycleandhurthimself.
A.fell,wasridingB.fell,wereriding
C.hadfallen,rodeD.hadfallen,wasriding
2.Tom___intothehousewhennoone___.
A.slipped,waslookingB.hadslipped,looked
C.slipped,hadlookedD.wasslipping,looked
3.ThelasttimeI__Janeshe___cottoninthefields.
A.hadseen,waspickingB.saw,picked
C.hadseen,pickedD.saw,waspicking
4.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;
he___intospace.
A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared
5.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.
A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked
6.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!
---Oh,I’mterriblysorry.________.
A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice
7.ThereportersaidthattheUFO___easttowestwhenhesawit.
A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel
8.I___mybreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.
A.hadB.hadbeenhavingC.havebeenhavingD.washaving
9.WhenIarrivedathisoffice,he___onthephone.
A.wasspeakingB.spokeC.hadbeenspeakingD.hadspoken
10.“What’sthematter,Ali?
Youlooksad.”
“Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,I___ofmyfriendsbackhome.”
A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingD.havejust
11.Mybrother________whilehe________hisbicycleandhurthimself.
A.fell/wasridingB.feel/wereriding
C.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding
12.He________hislegashe________inafootballmatch.
A.broke/playedB.wasbreaking/wasplaying
C.broke/wasplayingD.wasbreaking/played
13.-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.
-Ithoughtthathe________today.
A.wascorningB.iscomingC.willcomeD.comes
14.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho________in.
A.comeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.hadcome
15.Michaelcouldn'
tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe________inthelab.
A.hadbeenworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.wasworkingD.worked
Lesson2现在完成时:
have/has+过去分词
1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
常与yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。
●Hehasn'
tseenherlately.
●Ihaven'
tfinishedthebookyet.
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
如:
sofar(迄今为止),uptillnow(直到现在),since,foralongtime(很长时间),uptopresent(直到现在),inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在过去的几年里),thesedays(目前)……
►.Hehasworkedherefor15years.
►.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.
►.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.
►.Sofar,Ihaven'
treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.
3.某些非延续性动词(即:
动作开始便终止的动词),在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。
I.常见的非延续动词:
die,arrive(到达),join(加入),leave(离开),go,refuse(拒绝),fail(失败),
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