英语届高中考点精析精练猜测词义阅读理解Word文档格式.docx

英语届高中考点精析精练猜测词义阅读理解Word文档格式.docx

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利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种：

1.根据定义或解释猜测词义

【例题】

（1）Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.

根据定义,calendar的意思是日历.。

（2）Abiographyisthestoryofaperson'

slifewrittenbysomeoneelse根据定义，biography的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。

（3）SomewritersarenolongerwritingaboutthemodernvaluesoftheUSA--money,Successorexpensivethingstobuy.

2.破折号后而的内容是对value一词的具体解释。

（1）Herepliedquickly.Butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.根据耻下文学语境意义，可悟出quickly与hasty同义。

（2）Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy（美味）,weChinesepeopleseldomeatanymeatthatisuncooked.根据上下文语境意义得知rawmeat即是meatthatisuncooked.Raw与uncooked表示相同意思生的，未煮过的。

（3）--1thinkwearebeingwatched.

--Really?

Whatmakesyouthinkweareundersurveillance?

根据语境，可判断出beingwatched-15undersurveillance是同义关系。

（4）Duringtheconcert,thechildrenwerequietbutafterwards,theybecameboiaterous.

but表示转折意思，因此bomterous是quiet的反义词，意思为吵吵嚷嚷的。

（5）Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashyperson,whodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.

unlike是关键词，它表示Jane与她的姐姐完全不同。

根据后面对Jane的描述“…ashyperson,．．．notliketogopartiesortomakenewfroends'

，可得知gregarious的意思是好交际的。

3．根据举例

【例题】

（1）Scientistsarestudyinghowbirdssuchternsmigrate．

根据举例法（suchas），得知terns是一种鸟。

（2）Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances?

forexample，washing--machines，fridgesandcolorTVs．

根据举例法（forexample），得知appUances是指washing-machines，fridgesandco1orTVs这类家用电器。

（3）Severalothergases，suchasargon，comprisetheremainingonepercentofthevo1umeofdryair．

SUChas提示argon为某种气体。

4．根据因果关系。

（1）Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading．

because之前的分句表示结果，之后的分句表示原因，可推理，她没有听见的原因是她完全被阅读吸引住了或她正全神贯注地看书。

因此engrossed的意思是被吸引的，全神贯注的。

（2）ThenoisewassofaintthatitwasimpossibletobesurewhatitwasorevenwhereitcamefronL

So．．．that．．．，结构引导的句子也表示因果关系。

因此可判断出faint在此句中的意思是微弱的。

声音太弱，以致不能确认是什么声音或是从哪里发出的。

（3）ThiSkindofflowerthrivesinthisareabecausetheweatheriswarm，theSoilisexcellent，andthereiSalotofrain。

because一词决定了flower与warmweather，excellentsOil，a10tOfrain之间是因果关系。

因此thdves的意思是茂盛成长。

5．根据句意或上下文语境

例1Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout，heisallwet．Idon'

tliketobewiththethem.

A.drunkB．sweatingC．happyD．mistaken

【解析】根据第二句我不喜欢跟他在一起，可推断出，如果他认为他能约我出去，那他就错了。

这两句话实际上暗含因果关系。

【答案】D

例2Attheageof77，Johnwasstillplayingaskillfulgameoftennis，ranfourmileseveryddayandseldommissedhisdailyswim．Foramanofhisagehewasextremelyrobust．

Accordingtotheshortpassage，theword“robust”，probablymeans________.

A。

strangeB．weakC．strongninteresting

【答案】C根据语境的意思，一个77岁的人还能如此运动，可以说是身体不错，因此可以推断robust是strong强壮的意思。

由此可见猜测词义离不开上下文、离不开具体语境。

Ⅰ高考最新热门题

1.（典型例题，E卷）

T-shirtsout;

uniformsin

SchooluniformsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularacrosstheU.S.A.That'

snosurprise,becausetheyoffermanybenefits.Theyimmediatelyendthepowerfulsocialsortingandlabeling（标记）thatcomefromclothing.Ifallstudentsaredressedinthesameway,theywillnotpaytoomuchattentiontotheirclothing,andsomeofthemwillnotbelaughedatforwearingthe"

wrong'

clothes.

Somepeopleareagainstthestrictruleofschooluniforms,buttheydonotrealizethatstudentsalreadyacceptakindofrule--wantingtolookjustliketheirfriends.Thedifferenceisthattheclothingstudentschooseforthemselvescreatessocialbarriers;

schooluniformstearthosebarriersdown.

Asinotherplaces,uniformsremindthewearersoftheirpurposeandduties.Forexample,whenamanorwomanputsonapoliceuniform,heorshebecomes,foratime,thesymbol（象征）oftawandorder.Theuniformmeanstothewearerhisorherspecialdutiesandsendsthesamemessagetoeveryonethewearermeets.Peoplewithdifferentjobswearuniformsofonekindoranother.Forstudents,theschooluniformremindsthemthattheirtaskforthesixorsevenhourstheyareinschoolistogetaneducation.

Someparentsareunhappyaboutuniforms,sayingthatschooluniformswillaffecttheirchildren'

s"

creativity"

.First,asnotedabove,theclothesstudentschoosetoweardonotnecessarilyexpresstheirindividuality（个性）.Theyjustcopytheirclassmates.Second,studentshavetherestofthedaytobeascreativeastheylike.Whilethey'

reinschool,theirjobistomasterreading,writing,andmath;

thisshouldtakeupallthecreativitytheyhave.Masteryofthoseskillswillbegoodforthestudentstobuilduptheircreativityineveryway.

1.InParagraph1,theword"

benefits"

probablymeans________.

A.tasksB.messages

C.differencesD.advantages

2.Fromthepassagewelearnthatuniformsingeneral________.

A.preventthewearersfrombeinglaughedat

B.helpthewearerskeeptheirdutiesinmind

C.areseenasasymbolofpower

D.helptocreatesocialbarriers

3.Somepeopleareagainstschooluniformsbecause________.

A.theyfailtorealizethatstudentshaveacceptedtheuniforms

B.theybelievethatuniformswillmakestudentslesscreative

C.theydon'

tagreethatuniformscanremovesocialbarriers

D.theythinkthatschooluniformsaretoopopular

4.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat

A.itmakesnodifferencewhethertowearschooluniformsornot

B.students'

individualitymaynotcomefromschooleducation

C.students'

creativityisrelatedto'

theclothestheychoose

D.schooluniformshelptocreateequalityamongstudents

命题目的与解题技巧：

本文有关题考查学生猜测词义能力。

做这类题的关键是学生根据上下文线索（即具体语境）作出推断。

【解析】本文是一篇关于是否该穿校服的争论的议论文。

有人认为校服会扼杀孩子的创造性，但很显然作者是同意穿校服的，认为穿校服可以在学生中间培养公平意识。

【答案】1．D猜测词义。

从下文看，作者例数校服的诸多好处，显然“benifits"

在此有“优点，好处”之义。

其他三词tasks（任务），messages（信息），differences（不同），意思相差甚远。

2．B细节推断。

从第三段第一句话“AsinOtherplaces，uniformsremindthewearersoftheirpurposeandduties"

可推知，制服（unifontt）帮助穿衣者时刻记住其职责。

3．B细节题。

从最后一段第一句：

“Someparents．．．，sayin8thatschooluniformswillaffecttheirchildren'

screatiVity"

可直接选出答案。

4．D主旨推断题。

纵览全文，作者的观点是认为学生穿校服可以培养公平意识，对于创造性可以在其他时间和事件中培养。

Passage1（典型例题B）

Thesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuildingcanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.

Greenbuildingmeans"

reducingtheimpact（影响）ofthebuildingontheland"

TarynHolowkaoftheU.SGreenBuildingCouncilinWashington,D.C.said.

AccordingtoHolowka,buildingsaccountfor（占了）65percentoftotalU.$.electricityuse.

Butgreenbuildingscanreduceenergyandwateruse.Also,thebuildingsareoftenlocatednearpublictransportationsuchasbusesandsubways,sothatpeoplecandrivetheircarsless.Thatcouldbegoodfortheenvironment,becauseearsuselotsofgasandgiveoffpollution.Greenbuildingsareoftenbuiltondevelopedland,sothatthebuildingsdon'

tdestroyforests.

MartyDettlingistheprojectmanagerforabuildingthatputtheseideasintoaction.TheSolairehasbeencalledthecountry'

sfirstgreenhigh-risebuilding.AccordingtoDettling,"

We'

vereducedourenergyusebyone-thirdandourwaterby50percent.'

TheSolairecutsenergyinpartbyusingso]arpower."

Onthelaceofthebuildingwehavesolarpanelswhichchangethesun'

senergyintoelectricity,'

Dettlingexplained.

TheSolairealsohaslightsthatautomaticallyturnoffwhenpeopleleavetheroom.Inaddition,thebuildinghaslotsofwindows,allowingpeopletousethesunforlightduringtheday.TheSolairecutswaterbyreusingit.

Noteveryoneiseagertomoveintoagreenbuilding,however.Somepeoplethinkthatthingslikesolarpanelscostmoremoneythanmoretraditionalenergysources.Anyhow,Holowkasaid,"

It'

sgoingtobebig."

1.Inthesecondparagraph,theunderlinedwords"

thebuilding"

mostprobablyreferto________.

A.anordinarybuilding

B.an.energy-savingbuilding

C.agreen-coloredbuilding

D.abuildinginWashington,D.C.

答案:

A指导：

文章第一段第二句首先介绍了当今的Greenbuilding的概念是环保型的houses，factories和offices。

第二段第一句指出环保型建筑就是要减少thebuilding所造成的（不良）影响。

由此町判断thebuiding为普通建筑。

2.Agreenbuildingisoftenbuiltonanareaofland________.

A.whichhasthickforestsaround

13.whichhasalreadybeenusedforbuilding

C.wherepeopleofhighincomelive

D.wheretravelingaroundbycarismostconvenient

B指导：

根据第四段倒数第一句可知。

第四段讲了greenbuiding对于环境等的优点，A、C、D项内容本段未提及。

3.WhenHolowkasaysinthelastparagraph,"

sgoingtobe

big"

shemeansthatgreenbuildings________.

A.willbemorecomfortable

B.willbecomepopularinthefuture

C.willbemoreenvironmentallyfriendly

D.willtaketheplaceoftraditionalbuildings

根据前面几段对于greenbuiding优点的介绍，再根据最后一句中的anyhow所表达的逻辑关系进行推理，可知答案。

4.Whatisthemainsubjectdiscussedinthetext?

A.DettlingdesignedthefirstgreenbuildingintheU.S.

B.Energyshortagecallsforbuildingsofnewdesign.

C.Greenbuildingshelpsaveenvironment.

D.TheSolaireservesasamodelofhighbuildings.

C指导：

文章第一段介绍greenbuilding是环保型的，下面又分段分绍它的优点，最后一段介绍其前景，因此可判断C为正确答案。

Passage2（典型例题E）

Everyyearmorepeoplerecognizethatitiswrongtokillwildlifefor"

sport"

.Progressinthisdirectionisslowbecauseshootingisnotasportforwatching,andonlythosefewwhota