日语基础语音Basic Japanese pronunciationWord格式文档下载.docx
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日语基础语音Basic Japanese pronunciationWord格式文档下载.docx
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,becauseofthemouthandtonguepositionfrom[i]to[e]sothatthewholesyllabletonesliding,gradualchange,thustheboundarybetween[i]and[e]isvague;
andtheJapanese"
liveintheoppositeforms"
from[i]to[e]butnotslidingtransients.
Inaddition,thestabilityoftheJapanesevowelisalsomanifestedin:
nomatterhowthephoneticenvironmentchanges(i.e.,nomatterwhatcomesbeforeorlater),thevowelitselfhasnosignificantchangeintimbre.Forexample,thetimbreofChinese"
a"
isdifferentinthephoneticenvironmentof"
an"
"
Yan"
and"
Yang"
.Theyarerespectivelythefirstlowvowel,thefirsthalflowvowelandthelatterlowvowel.Japanesevowelsmaintainarelativelystabletoneinanyphoneticenvironmentwithoutanysignificantchangeintone.
ComparingtheJapaneseandChinesevowelandtonguebitmap,wecanseethatthereasonfortheJapaneseisthatthemandibularopeningisnotbig,andtherangeoftonguepositionislessthanthatofchinese.Therefore,whenspeakingJapanese,theopeningandclosingofthemouthandthemovementofthetonguearesmaller.Thischaracteristicisrelatedtothehigherpronunciationfrequency(syllablenumber/time)requiredbyjapanese.
Inadditiontothe"
Japaneseglottals"
dialtone"
theotherinallsyllables(andendings)arevowel.Avowelthatisnotcorrectwillcauseallthesyllablestobecombinedwiththevoweltobeincorrect.Therefore,vowelsareveryimportanttojapanese.Workhardandlearnitwell.
2.thetuningareasandmethodsofJapanesevowels
Thou(a)
Japaneseexportorwhetherthoutransverselongitudinalopeningthanthe"
inChineseissmall,sothepronunciationwithouthermouthtoobig.
Duetothesmallopeningofthejaw,tongue(thatisformedbetweenthebackofthetongueandpalateupliftofthenarrowestpoint)higherthantheChinese"
isslightlyhigherandslightlyback,sotheauditoryimpressiononcolorisslightlydarker,asbrightastheChinese"
.ThedegreeofmuscletensioninthelipsandtongueisalsoslightlylowerthanintheChineselanguage.
Pronunciationguidance
Thisismostlikelyarelativelysound,butyourlipsandtonguemusclestorelax,don'
tputtoobigmouth.Inlanguagestream,weshouldtryourbesttomaintaintherelativestabilityoftimbre.
Hai(I)
TheverticalopeningofthemouthandmandibleissimilartotheChinese"
I"
butthetransverseopeningofthemouthissmaller.
ThetonguepositionisslightlylowerthantheChinese"
.Chinesemade"
becausethetongueishigher,sometimesfeelaslightfrictionbetweenthetongueandpalate.Japaneseliveduetothegapbetweenthetongueandpalateislarge,smoothflow.Ifyoupronouncecorrectly,youshouldnotfeelthefriction.Thisistheouterlipmusclerelaxation.
Keepyourvocalorgansinanaturalstateofrelaxation.DonotuseasmuchforceastheChineseI.Don'
tpullthecornersofyourmouthtobothsides.
Inthespeechstream,afterthelastvowel[a]or[o],theheightofthetonguewillslowdownslightly,isnotasinglesoundwhenthelastsoundsoclear.Thisistheso-called"
diphthongization"
phenomenon.Butthelastpartinpronunciationconsciousnessstillhasstrongindependence.Itmaintainsaclearboundarybetweenthevowelandthefront.Theglidingprocessfrom[a]to[i]isveryshortandthetoneisalmostinstantaneous.PayattentiontothedistinctionbetweentheChineseVowel"
Ai"
andthechinese.
U(U)
ComparedwiththeChineseVowel"
U"
inJapanese,butnotcompletelipflatforward,isa"
showvowel"
.
Thetraditionalvoicetextbooksalwaysemphasizethecharacteristicsoftheunroundeduonotherfactorsdon'
tspeakmuch.Butpracticehasprovedthatthemerechangeoflipgardencannotchangethetoneof"
.TheJapanesecompletepronunciation,lipeffectevensmallenoughtobeignored,andthefactorsoutsidethelipismoreimportant.
Fromtheopeningofthemandible,theChinese"
toopenlarge,openedabout5mmofthedistancebetweentheupperandlowerincisors;
Japanesecompletemandibularopeningisminimal,theupperandlowerincisorsoverlapbetweentheupperandlowermolars,thedistanceisverysmall.
TheJapanesecompletetone,thetongueplaysaveryimportantrole.
ComparedwiththeChinese"
completethelipandtonguemusclesaremorerelaxed.
Thelipsandtonguemusclesshouldnotbetoohardtokeepthenaturalrelaxationofthevocalorgans.Thereisnoneedtopaytoomuchattentiontolipcircles,aslongastheydonotconsciouslypushtheirlipsforward.Tofocusonthetongue:
recurrentChinese"
->
u"
youcanfeelthemovementofthetongue,tofindthecentreafterabitposition,atthesametimereducethemandibularopeningsothattheupperandlowerincisorsoverlap,basicallycompletethetimbreofthejapanese.
Forms(E)
Lipnaturalexpansion.Thecornersofthemouthareneithertoofarapartnorinward.Thelipofthelongitudinalopeningissmallerthanthou.
Mandibularopeningbetweensweetanddelicious,actuallyalittleclosetotheposition.
Thetongue,withlittledifferencebetweenbeforeandafterthelastformsofdimension(slightlybackalittlebit,andthou)comparedtoalotofdifference(thoutongueverylate).Inhighdimension,locatedclosetothepositionbetweentheformsofliveandlivewiththee.
Fromtonguemuscletension,slightlyhigherthantherearformsofChinese"
ie"
Inthevowelforms,firstidentifythesweettongue,thetonguetokeepthecentralpositionbeforeandafterbasicdoesnotmove,trytodeclineslightlybeforetheheightoftongueandtongue,inplaceyoucangetformsoftone.Keepthefrontheightdowntoomuch.
And(o)
ThisistheonlyroundvowelinJapanese:
whenyoupronounceit,thecornersofyourmouthcontractinwardintoaflatoval.ThelipofthelateralopeningisthesmallestinJapanese,thelongitudinalopeningisslightlylargerthanthelongerthanChinese,but"
shouldbesmaller.
Althoughthelipofthelongitudinalopeningisnotbig,buttheopeningofthejawisnotsmall:
distancebetweentheupperandlowerincisorsthanChinese"
isevenlarger,withsimilarforms.
Fromthehighdimensionpointofview,theJapaneseandthetonguealittlehigherthanthou,andChinese"
O"
isalmostahigh.Butfromtheviewoftheposition,andquitereliable,evenclosetotheJapanesetongueuvula,thebackofavowel.ThetonguepositionofChinese"
isrelativetothe"
positioninfrontandbackdimensions.
Fromtonguemuscletension,andslightlyhigherthantheChinese"
Hairandsound,firstidentifytheChineseVowelsinthebackofthetongue"
andthenputthetonguetodropalittlebelowatthesametime,theopeningofthemandibularagainslightlyopen,andthesoundcanbeobtained.
Halfvowel
Inafricative,theweaker,lessfriction,betweenthevowelandtheconsonant,iscalledthehalfvowel.
TherearetwohalfvowelsinJapanese:
[y]and[w].ComparedwiththesemivowelofChinese,theJapanesehalfvowelisveryclosetovowelbecauseofitsweakfriction.
Insyllables,thelengthoftheJapanesehalfvowelisshort,andthetransitionfromthesemivoweltothevowelisinstantaneous.Thatistosay,inthepronunciationofsemivowelgentlyshortpassing,otherwiseitwillbeperceivedastwosyllables.
Don'
troundyourlipswhenyou'
remakinga[w].Theactionoftheroundedlipscausesthelipsmusclestobecometense,thusincreasingthearticulationofthevowelsounds,andthisextramovementcanconsumealotoftime.ThisiscontrarytotheJapaneseshortvowelinthesyllable'
s"
shortandlight"
characteristics.
InChinese,thelipsemivowel[w]hasa"
freevariant"
[v],bothofwhichcanbefreelysubstitutedforeachother,buttheJapanese[w]doesnothavethisvariant.
TheconsonantsinEnglishandotherforeignlanguages,[v],areclosetotheconsonant[b]soundsinJapanese,so[v]becomes[b]whenitistranslatedintojapanese.
Longvowel
InJapanese,thelengthofvowelisdistinguishedbymeaning.Suchas:
As(corner)-Dhaka,DoCoMo(card):
(stamp)-cancerwas:
cancerwascomplete(against)
Wait。
Thelengthofalongvowelisapproximatelythesameasthatofthetwo.Thebackofthelongvowel,oritssecondbeat,isgenerallycalledthelongtone"
ForChinesepeople,learningJapanesehastwopointsthatrequirespecialattention:
Oneofthecommonmistakesisthatthelengthofthebeatisnotlongenough.ThisunderminesthesenseofrhythminherentinJapanese,butalsoeasilyleadtomisunderstanding.Thetwocommonmistakesistolovethelongsoundbehindthemoraalsolongsound,suchasthe"
completeexamplesexamples"
Dhaka,no"
read"
examplescompleteexamplescompletetheform,"
no"
.Th
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