历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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examinedonamicroscopeslide.Pasteur
foundthatinordinaryairtheseexistsavarietyof
---
solidstructuresranginginsizefrom
0.01mmtomorethan1.0mm.Manyofthese
bodiesresembledthereproductive
(15)structuresofcommonmolds,single-celled
animals,andvariousothermicrobialcells.
Asmanyas20to30ofthemwerefoundinfifteen
litersofordinaryair,andtheycould
notbedistinguishedfromtheorganismsfoundin
muchlargernumbersinputrefying
materials.Pasteurconcludedthattheorganisms
foundinputrefyingmaterialsoriginated
fromtheorganizedbodiespresentintheair.He
postulatedthatthesebodiesareconstantly
(20)beingdepositedonallobjects.
Pasteurshowedthatifanutrientsolutionwas
sealedinaglassflaskandheatedto
boilingtodestroyallthelivingorganisms
contaminatingit,itneverputrefied.The
proponentsofspontaneousgenerationdeclared
thatfreshairwasnecessaryfor
spontaneousgenerationandthattheairinside
thesealedflaskwasaffectedinsomeway
(25)byheatingsothatitwouldnolongersupport
spontaneousgeneration.Pasteurconstructeda
swan-neckedflaskinwhichputrefyingmaterials
couldheheatedtoboiling,butair
couldreenter.Thebendsintheneckprevented
microorganismsfromgettingintheflask..
Materialsterilizedinsuchaflaskdidnotputrefy.
1,Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(a)Pasteur’sinfluenceonthedevelopmentofthemicroscope.
(b)Theoriginofthetheoryofspontaneousgeneration.
(c)Theeffectsofpasteurizationonfood.
(d)Pasteur’sargumentagainstthetheoryofspontaneousgeneration.
2,Thephrase“teemingwith”inline2isclosestin
meaningto
(a)fullof
(b)developinginto
(c)resistantto
(d)hurtby
3,Whichofthefollowingquestionsdidthetheoryofspontaneousgenerationattempttoanswer?
(a)Whatistheoriginofthelivingorganismsareseenonsomefood?
(b)Howmanytypesoforganismscanbefoundonfood?
(c)Whatisthemosteffectivewaytopreparelivingorganismsformicroscopicexamination?
(d)Howlongcanfoodstandbeforeitputrefies?
4,Theword“resemble”inline9isclosestinmeaningto
(a)benefitfrom
(b)appearsimilarto
(c)jointogetherwith
(d)growfrom
5,Thepurposeofthe“guncotton”mentionedin
paragraph2wasto
(a)trapparticlesforanalysis
(b)slowtheprocessofputrefaction
(c)increasetheairflowtothemicroscopicslide
(d)aidthemixingofalcoholandether
6,Theauthormention“1.0mm”inline14indescribingthe
(a)thicknessofalayeroforganismsthatwas
depositedonanobject
(b)diameterofthefibersthatwereintheguncotton
filters
(c)thicknessofthemicroscopeslidesthatwereused(d)sizeoftheparticlesthatthatwerecollected
7.Theword“postulated”inline19isclosestin
(a)analyzed
(b)doubted
(c)persuaded
(d)suggested
8.TheobjectsthatPasteutremovedfromtheairin
hisexperimentwereremarkablebecausetheywere(a)primarilysingle-celledorganisms
(b)nodifferentfromobjectsfoundinputrefying
materials
(c)fairlyrare
(d)abletoliveinamixtureofalcoholandether
9.Theword“it”inline22refersto(a)anutrientsolution
(b)aglassflask
(c)boiling
(d)spontaneousgeneration
10.Accordingtoparagraph3,proponentsofspontaneousgenerationbelievedthatwhichofthefollowingwasimportantfortheprocesstosucceed?
(a)Asealedcontainer
(b)Freshair
(c)Heat
(d)Thepresenceofnutrients
11.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatPasteuremployedaswam-neckedflaskto
(a)storesterilizedliquidsforuseinfutureexperiments
(b)preventheatfrombuildingupinasolution(c)disproveacriticismofhisconclusions(d)estimatethenumberoforganismsinaliterofair
Questions12-20
IntheearlydecadesoftheUnitedStates,the
agrarianmovementpromotedthefarmer
associety’shero.Inthemindsofagrarian
thinkersandwriters,thefarmerwasapersonon
whosewell-beingthehealthofthenewcountry
depended.Theperiodbetweenthe
Revolution,whichendedin1783,andtheCivil
War,whichendedin1865,wastheageof
(5)thefarmerintheUnitedStates.Agrarianphilosophers,representedmosteloquentlyby
ThomasJefferson,celebratedfarmers
extravagantlyfortheirsupposedcentralityinagood
society,theirpoliticalvirtue,andtheirSuperior
morality.Andvirtuallyallpolicymakers,whether
theysubscribedtothetenetsofthephilosophy
heldbyJeffersonornot,recognizedagricultureas
thekeycomponentoftheAmerican
economy.Consequently,governmentat
(10)alllevelsworkedtoencouragefarmersasa
socialgroupandagricultureaseconomic
enterprise.
Boththenationalandstategovernments
developedtransportationinfrastructure,buildingcanals,roads,bridges,andrailroads,deepening
harbors,andremovingobstructionsfrom
navigablestreams.Thenationalgovernmentimportedplantandanimalvarietiesand
(15)launchedexploringexpeditionsintoprospective
farmlandsintheWest.Inaddition,
governmenttradepoliciesfacilitatedtheexporting
ofagriculturalproducts.
Fortheirpart,farmersseemedtomeetthe
socialexpectationsagrarianphilosophers
hadforthem,astheirbroaderhorizonsand
greaterself-respect,bothproductsofthe
Revolution,werereflectedtosomedegreeintheirbehavior.Farmersseemedtobecome
(20)morescientific,joiningagriculturalsocietiesandreadingthefarmnewspapersthatsprang
up
throughout
the
country
.They
began
using
improvedimplements,triednewcropsand
pure
animal
breeds,
and
became
morereceptive
tomoderntheoriesofsoilimprovement.
Theyalsorespondedtoinducementsbynational
andstategovernments.Farmers
streamed
to
theWest
filling
frontier
lands
with
stunningrapidity.Butfarmersresponded
(25)
less
expectations
of
agrarians
governmentinducementsthantogrowingmarket
opportunities.Europeandemandforfoodfromthe
United
States
seemed
insatiable
.
War,
industrialization
urbanization
all
kept
demandhighinEurope.UnitedStatescities
industries
grew
aswell;
even
not
directlyrelatedtofarmingthrivedbecause
themarket,
money
and
laborthat
agriculture
provided.
12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(a)TheagrarianphilosophyofThomasJefferson
(b)Theroleofthenationalgovernmentinthe
developmentofagriculture
(c)Improvementsinfarmingtechniques
(d)Theimpactoftheincreasedimportanceofthefarmer
13.Theword“depended”inline3isclosestin
(a)improved
(b)relied
(c)demanded
(d)explained
14.TheauthormentionsThomasJeffersonin
paragraph1asanexampleof
(a)aleaderduringtheRevolution
(b)aninventorofnewfarmingtechniques
(c)aphilosopherwhobelievedfarmerswereessentialtothecreationofagoodsociety
(d)afarmerwhoguidedtheagrarianmovementtowardanemphasisoneconomicdevelopment
15.Thephrase“subscribedto”inline8isclosest
inmeaningto
(a)contributedto
(b)agreedwith
(c)thoughtabout
(d)expandedon
16.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbytheinformationinparagraph1?
(a)Allgovernmentpolicymakersaccepted
Jefferson’sviewsofagricultureandfarmers.
(b)Agriculturalproductiondeclinedbetween1783
and1861.
(c)Themajorityoffarmersworkedforthe
government.
(d)Agriculturewasavitalpartofthenation’s
economy.
17.Accordingtothepassage,thenationalandstategovernmentsdidallofthefollowingEXCEPT(a)buildroads
(b)importnewplantvarieties
(c)givefarmersmoneyfortheircrops
(d)developpoliciesthathelpedfarmersexporttheirproducts
18.Allofthefollowingarementionedasexamplesof
farmers’meetingtheexpectationsofagrarianphilosophersEXCEPT
(a)obtaininginformationfromfarmnewspapers(b)accumulatingpersonalwealth(c)plantingnewcrops
(d)becomingmorescientific
19.Theword“stunning”inline24isclosestin
(a)predictable
(b)impressive
(c)famous
(d)gradual
20.Which
following
statements
is
best
supportedbyparagraph4?
(a)Agricultural
development
contributed
developmentinotherpartsoftheeconomy.
(b)European
agricultural
products
were
a
higher
qualitythanthoseproducedintheUnitedStates.
(c)Thegrowing
settlement
West
led
toa
decreaseinagriculturalproduction.
(d)Farmers
influenced
more
by
government
policiesthanbym
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