Sins in the Chronicles of Narnia the final paperWord格式.docx
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Sins in the Chronicles of Narnia the final paperWord格式.docx
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Vocabulary
Class1
November27,2010
TheChroniclesofNarnia,whichfeaturesafantasyworldfulloftalkingbeastsandwalkingtrees,isimpressivetoreaders.However,theChroniclesofNarniaconveystheauthor’sconceptionstowardsreligiousideasaswell.As“averyordinarylaymanoftheChurchofEngland”andoneofthemostinfluentialChristianapologists,C.S.LewisgetsacrosshisreligiousviewsofChristianitywitheasethroughhiswork.Prominently,eachoneofthesesevenbooksreflectssins,especiallygluttony,greed,betrayalandpride.
InordertoconveysinsintheprospectofC.S.Lewis,thebiblicalclarificationofitsdefinitionisnecessary.Sinsaremaliciousattitudestowardsliferatherthanevilbehavior.Nevertheless,notallsinsaresodrasticallywickedthattheyleadtodeath,forsomesinsareworsethantheothers.Accordingto1John5:
16-17,"
Ifanyoneseeshisbrothercommittingasinnotleadingtod0000000eath,heshallaskandGodwillforhimgivelifetothosewhocommitsinnotleadingtodeath.Thereisasinleadingtodeath;
Idonotsaythatheshouldmakerequestforthis.Allunrighteousnessissin,andthereisasinnotleadingtodeath."
Thesinsleadingtodeatharenormallyknownasthesevendeadlysins.Thedevelopmentofalistofdeadlysinsisvague,butthemostinfluentialoneisdevelopedbyGregorytheGreat(540-605).Thesevendeadlysinsincludesuperbia(pride),avaritia(greed),luxuria(luxury,laterlust),invidia(envy),gula(gluttony),ira(anger),andacedia(sloth).
C.S.Lewis,havinganintimateknowledgeofthesevendeadlysins,articulateshisviewofsinsvividlybyplacinganemphasisononeofthesevendeadlysinsineachbook.Forexample,inPrinceCaspian,C.S.LewisstressesthedangerofluxurythroughthecharacterofMiraz,anusurperandtyrant.InTheSilverChair,theexperienceofEustaceandJillvisiblydemonstratestheadverseeffectofsloth.ThedepictionofthecharacterofEustaceinTheVoyageofDawnTreaderhighlightsgreed,whilethecharacterizationofJadis,UncleAndrewandDigoryinTheMagician'
sNephewunderscoresanger.Furthermore,thespiritualandphysicaldestructionofNarniainTheLastBattleimposinglyillustratesthedisastrouseffectofenvy.
Nevertheless,everybookembodiesmorethanonesinandalsodepictssinsotherthanthesevendeadlysins.InTheLion,theWitchandtheWardrobe,thewriterexplainsthesinsofgluttony,greedandbetrayal.Gluttonymeansover-indulgenceandover-consumptionof
food,
drink,or
toxins
tothepointofwaste.InPhilippians3:
19,itdepictspeoplewhocommitthesinofgluttonylikethis,“Theirdestinyisdestruction,theirgodistheirstomach,andtheirgloryisintheirshame.Theirmindissetonearthlythings.”Edmund’sgluttonytowardsTurkishDelighthasadevastatinginfluenceonhimandhissiblings.GluttonyactuallyenchantsEdmund,makeshimlosehissense,andblindshimtothetruth.Thesedetailsdemonstratetheenchantmentclearly,"
AtfirstEdmundtriedtorememberthatitisrudetospeakwithone'
smouthfull,butsoonheforgotaboutthisandthoughtonlyoftryingtoshoveldownasmuchTurkishDelightashecould,andthemoreheate,themorehewantedtoeat,andheneveraskedhimselfwhytheQueenshouldbesoinquisitive."
InordertogetmoreandmoreTurkishDelight,EdmunddivulgesinformationabouthisfamilyandevenAslantotheWhiteWitch.Thus,Edmundbetrayshissistersandbrothersandtosomeextentalsobetrayshimself.ThegluttonyofEdmundvividlyparallelsEve’sgluttonousindulgencelikewhatMiltondescribesinthepoem,
ParadiseLost,
“Intentnowwhollyonhertaste,naughtelse
Regarded,suchdelighttillthen,asseem'
d
Infruitshenevertasted,whethertrue
Orfanciedso,throughexpectationhigh
Ofknowledge,norwasGod-headfromherthought,
Greedilysheingorgedwithoutrestraint,
AndknewnoteatingDeath.”(IX,785-92)
AnothersinthatEdmundcommitsisgreed.Inreality,theWhiteWitchseducesEdmundsuccessfullynotonlyduetohisdesireforTurkishDelightbutalsoduetohisdesireforpowerandforcontrollinghissiblings,primarilyPeter,hiselderbrother.Histhoughtremarkablymirrorshisgreedforpower,“HehadjustsettledinhismindwhatsortofpalacehewouldhaveandhowmanycarsandallabouthisprivatecinemaandwheretheprincipalrailwayswouldrunandwhatlawshewouldmakeagainstbeaversanddamsandwasputtingthefinishingtouchestosomeschemesforkeepingPeterinhisplace,whentheweatherchanged.”Hisdesireforcontrollinghissiblingsisalsoevidentthroughhisthought,“Youmustn’tthinkthatevennowEdmundwasquitesobadthatheactuallywantedhisbrotherandsisterstobeturnedintostone.HedidwantTurkishDelightandtobeaPrince(andlateraKing)andtopayPeterforcallinghimabeast.AsforwhattheWitchwoulddowiththeothers,hedidn’twanthertobeparticularlynicetothem----certainlynottoputthemonthesamelevelashimself.”
GluttonyandgreedeventuallyresultsinthebetrayalofEdmund.SinisanattitudeoflifeandisbasicallyanegativeattitudetowardstheCreator.InMark12:
30,itsays,“YoushalllovetheLordyourGodwithallyourheartandwithallyoursoulandwithallyourmindandwithallyourstrength.”EdmundbetraysnotonlyhissiblingsbutalsoAslan,theCreatorofNarnia.ThedisloyaltyofEdmundtoAslanresemblesthedisloyaltyofAdamandEvetotheGod.Moreover,liketheserpentwhofailstofulfillhispromise,theWhiteWitchdoesnotrealizeherpromises,whicharetomakeEdmundaprinceandtoprovidehimwithampleTurkishDelight.Thefollowingsentencesdistinctlyrevealtheendingofatraitor,“Edmund...expectedthatthewitchwouldstartbeingnicetohim...Butshesaidnothingatall.AndwhenatlastEdmundpluckeduphiscouragetosay,‘Please,yourMajesty,couldIhavesomeTurkishDelight?
You—you—said—’sheanswered,‘Silence,fool!
’”Ironically,EdmunddoesnotacquireanythingbyhisbetrayalexceptforreproachfromboththeWhiteWitchandNarnians.Moreover,thecureofbetrayaliscostlybothforthetraitorandfortheCreator.ForEdmund,hehastosubmithislifetotheWhiteWitchsinceeverytraitor’slifebelongstotheWhiteWitch.ForAslan,hehastosacrificehimselftorescuethewholeofNarnia.
Similarly,inTheHorseandHisBoy,theauthorinterpretsseveralsinsthemostnotableoneofwhichispride.Prideisnotoriousforbeingtheworstofthesevendeadlysins,foritis,ineffect,ananti-Godstateofmind.PrideisthedesiretomakeourselvesmoreimportantthanwhatwereallyareandiseventhedesireofhumanbeingstoputthemselvesintheplaceofGod.InRoman12:
3,itadmonishespeoplethat“Donotthinkofyourselfmorehighlythanyououghttothink...”C.S.Lewisportrayspridelikethis,“AccordingtoChristianteachers,theessentialvice,theutmostevil,isPride.Unchastity,anger,greed,drunkenness,andallthat,aremerefleabitesincomparison:
itwasthroughPridethatthedevilbecamethedevil:
Prideleadstoeveryothervice:
itisthecompleteanti-Godstateofmind.”Pride,asaninfamoussin,appearsinallsevenbooksinvariousways.InTheLion,theWitchandtheWardrobe,itisEdmund’sbetrayalofthelegalKing(Peter)ofNarnia.InTheMagician’sNephew,itisJadis’desiresforbeingsuperiortoeverythingandmakingeverythingandeveryonebehersubjects.InTheVoyageoftheDawnTreader,itisEustace’segothatdiminisheshishumanity.InPrinceCaspian,TheLastBattleandTheSilverChair,prideisdisobedienceandrebellion,makingoneselfamoreintelligentandmorerightfulauthoritythanGod.
InTheHorseandHisBoy,Bree,atalkingwarhorsefromNarnia,isapparentlyproud.HeisextremelyproudofbeingaNarnianhorse,althoughheliveswithdumbhorsesformanyyearsandhisLordtreatshimasanordinarydumbhorse.ThemoststrikingsymptomsofBree’sprideisbotheringabouthowheappearstoothersandfearsaboutbeingunfamiliarwithetiquettesafterreturningtoNarnia.TheconversationsbetweenBreeandShastaafterBreerubshisbackontheturfandwaveallfourlegsintheairrevealhispridevividly,“‘Doesitreallylookfunny?
’heaskedinananxiousvoice.…‘Youdon’tthink,doyou,’saidBree,‘thatitmightbeathingtalkinghorsesneverdo----asilly,clownishtrickI’velearnedfromthedumbones?
Itwouldbedreadfultofind,whenIgetbacktoNarnia,thatI’vepickedupalotoflow,badhabits.Whatdoyouthink,Shasta?
Honestly,now….Shouldyouthinkthereal,freehorse----thetalkingkind----doroll?
’”Evidently,Hekeepsworryingaboutpickingupalotoflowandbadhabitsbecauseofhisarrogance.Fortunately,helearnsthathispridemakeshimfoolishduringhisadventures.TheaccidentwhichhappensbeforethehouseofTheHermitoftheSouthernMarchandtheencounterwithAslanbothteachhimimportantlessonsofhumility.However,onecannevercompletelydealwithhisorhersins,soBreeretainshistraceofprideafterrealizinghisfault,“DoTalkingHorsesroll?
Supposingtheydon'
t?
Ican'
tbeartogiveitup.Whatdoyouthink,Hwin?
”
Nonetheless,theprideofRabadashisevenmoreremarkableandsomewhatmoreevilthanthatofBree.AfterSusan,aQueenofNarniahewantstomarry,slipsthroughhisfingersatsea,hisvanityishurtsoterriblythathedecidestoleadanarmytoattackArchenlandandNarnia.LikewhatMartinLuthersays,"
Thebestwaytodriveoutthedevil,ifhewillnotyieldtothetextsofScripture,istojeerandflouthim,forhecannotbears
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