大学英语六级考试真题答案解析Word下载.docx

大学英语六级考试真题答案解析Word下载.docx

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Forgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial—ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:

gettingthesame—orbetter—resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRomertocutcostsathisfamily-ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout€100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis€90,000fuelandpowerbillby€60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”

Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.

Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGreorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconservationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.

Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact:

Insulate

Spaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout（orviceversa）.Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:

ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces（onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning）havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.

ChangeBulbs

Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.

Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLs,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.

ComfortZone

Waterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummerthesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingsaswell.

MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmost1millionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.

RemakeFactories

Fromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan€200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizing（优化）energyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJü

rgenHambrecht.

GreenDriving

Aquarteroftheworld’senergy—includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:

youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated（充气）.Gasoline-electrichybrid（混合型的）modelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.

ABetterFridge

Morethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances,producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanlnternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption（andtheirutilitybills）by43percent.

FlexiblePayment

Whosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestments?

“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofitting（翻新改造）inreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings.InBeijing,ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.

Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?

Ithastodowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsavings.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.

Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.

Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.

Willitbeenough?

Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.

1.Whatissaidtobethebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?

A）Raisingefficiency.B）Cuttingunnecessarycosts.

C）Findingalternativeresources.D）Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.

2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?

A）Diversifyenergysupply.B）Cutenergyconsumption.

C）Reducecarbonemissions.D）Raiseproductionefficiency.

3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto________

.A）improveyourworkenvironmentB）cutyourutilitybillsbyhalf

C）getridofair-conditionersD）enjoymuchbetterhealth

4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?

A）Asmallportion.B）Some40percent.C）Almosthalf.D）75to80percent.

5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby________.

A）upgradingtheequipmentB）encouraginginvestmentsC）implementinghigh-techD）providingsubsidies

6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves200millionayearby________

.A）recyclingheatandenergyB）settingupfactoriesinChina

C）usingthenewesttechnologyD）reducingtheCO2emissionsofitsplants

7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif________.

A）weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipesB）wechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliances

C）wecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

D）wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

8.Energyservicecontractorsprofitbytakingapartofclients’________

.9.Manyenvironmentalistsmaintaintheviewthatconservationhasmuchtodowith________.

10.Thestrongestincentivesforenergyconservationwillderivefrom________

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）本题SectionA&

B共计25分，每小题1分。

SectionA

11.A）Proceedinhisownway.B）Stick