最新复合结构Word文档下载推荐.docx
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最新复合结构Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Youareleaderofourteam.Itisforyoutodecideeverything.
It’swrongofyoutospeaktotheoldmanlikethat.
It’scleveroftheboytofigureoutsuchadifficultmathsproblem.
3.动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构
(sb’s/sbdoingsth)
在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格,表明动名词这一动作的执行者.
Hisbeinglateagainmadetheteacherangry.
Doyouknowmy(Mary’s)openingthewindow?
Itisnouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn’tknowtherules.
但在口语中,这种结构如果作宾语(及物动词或介词宾语),其中物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词的普通格.
Wouldyoumindme(Mary)openingthewindow?
Hewasangryaboutmehavingtoleaveearly.
I’mastonishedatJohnsuddenlystartingtotakeaninterestinginmusic.
特别注意以下几种情况
①动名词复合结构在句中充当主语时,其物主代词或名词所有格不能换成宾格.
Tom’sbeinglateagainmadehisteacherMrHopkinsquiteangry.
②当动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的名词时,只能用普通格而不能用所有格
Usuallyatthebeginningoftheschoolthenoiseofthedesksbeingopenedandclosedcouldbeheardoutinthestreet.
Icanneverforgetthesceneoftheboybeingbeatenbyhisfather.
Theboyswereaalarmedbythedoorsuddenlyshutting.
③虽是有生命的名词但却表示泛指意义时,必须用名词普通格.
Itsoundedlikeawomancrying.
Bamboohaslongleavesthatswayinthewindlikeslimfingersreachingtotouchsomething.
4.独立主格
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上形容词,副词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,介词短语等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子.该从属结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,故独立主格结构也可做伴随状语.
结构
名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词;
形容词;
副词;
不定式;
名词;
介词短语)
用法
1.名词(代词)+现在分词
Nightenshroudingtheearth,nobodycouldmakeoutwhatthedarkmasswasfromadistance.黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西
Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家
2.名词(代词)+过去分词
Theworkersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了
Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.
独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句.但是独立主格结构转换为状语从句后,它有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致;
而分词短语转换为状语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语一致
Iftimepermits,we'
dbetterhaveaholidayatweekends.(条件状语从句,主语不一致)
转换为:
Timepermitting,we'
dbetterhaveaholidayatweekends.(独立主格)
Whenweseefromthehilltop,wecanfindthecitymorebeautiful.(时间状语从句,主语一致)
Seeingfromthehilltop,wecanfindthecitymorebeautiful.(分词短语)
还必须注意,分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致,也可以是主句的其他成分
Searchingforthethiefinthecity,ithadtakenthepolicemenalongtime.
在城市里搜查小偷,花费了警察很长一段时间(Searching短语的逻辑主语是主句中的policemen)
3.名词(代词)+不定式
在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;
如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式
Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook.我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一
Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美
4.名词(代词)+形容词
TheTrojansasleep,theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorse
特洛伊人睡着了于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来
Computersverysmall,wecanusethemwidely.
电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们.
5.名词(代词)+副词
Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.
Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.
6.名词(代词)+名词
Hisfirstshotfailure,hefiredagain.他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪
Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童
7.名词(代词)+介词短语
Helayatfulllengthuponhisstomach,hisheadrestinguponhisleftforearm.他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着
Everyafternoonaveryoldwomanhobbledpasttheoldhouse,avastloadoffirewoodonherback.
每天下午,一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过
特点
1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在
2.名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系,这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系.
3.它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开
独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词
判断
独立结构中没有连词,不是并列句,也不是复合句.句中使用了逗号.能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构.
例句
Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.
=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假
Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.
=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中
Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你
Thisdone,wewenthome.工作完成后,我们才回家
hemeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家
Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了
Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
注意
1.当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数.但with的复合结构不受此限制Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.(hand前不能加his)
2.当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词
Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.
5.复合宾语
复合宾语
在英语中我们常常把宾语以及宾语补足语成为复合宾语.宾语与宾语补足语之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系,能作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,介词短语.
例如:
Hisspeechmadeuslaugh(不定式)
Whowouldtheteacherratherhavewriteanarticleforthewall-newspaper?
(不定式)
Whenshewokeup,shefoundherselfinhospital.(介词短语)
Don’tleavethewaterrunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth.(现在分词)
Iwantthehousepaintedwhite.(过去分词)
Don’tkeepthelightsonallthenight.(副词)
Weconsiderhimoneofourbestfriends.(名词)
Wefoundthemoviewonderful.(形容词)
能够接复合宾语的动词可以分为三类:
1)感官类:
see,notice,watch,observe,hear,feel等
2)意识类:
believe,think,suppose,consider,wish等
3)使动类:
keep,leave,make,have,let等
复合宾语时高考题中考查的热点和重点,在运用时要注意以下几个方面
①作宾语补足语的名词是表示独一无二的职位或头衔时,名词前不用任何限定词.
Weallmadehimchairmanofthemeeting.
②注意现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语时所表达意义的不同.
③一些使役动词make,have,let感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,hear,feel等其后跟动词不定式作宾补时必须省略其不定式符号“to”,但如果把该句改为被动语态则必须添加上不定式符号“to”.
Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeoplehaveitdo.
Pauldoesn’thavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworkshard.
④在复合宾语中作宾语的如果是动词不定式或从句时,则必须用形式宾语it构成句型“make/find/think/feel等+adj/n+(forsb)todo/that从句”
Hemadeitaruletogetupatsixo’clockinthemorninganddomorningexercise.
Idon’tthinklikelythattheywillacceptourterms.
除动词可以接复合宾语外,介词with也可以接复合宾语,在句子中作状语和定语.
with的复合结构
with结构是英语复合结构中最常用的一种.常见复合结构形式如下:
with+宾语(名词;
代词))+宾语补足语(现在分词;
过去分词;
形容词;
副词;
不定式;
名词;
介词短语)以来用作定语或状语
(without+名词/代词+现在分词)
Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.
(without+名词/代词+过去分词)
Withoutawordmorespoken,sheleftthemeetingroom.
(with+名词/代词+动词不定式)
Thekidfeelsexcitedwithsomanyplacesofinteresttovisit.
(with+名词/代词+副词)Theboywaswalking,withhisfatherahead.
(with+名词/代词+介词短语)
(在独立结构中,介词是in时,其前后两个名词不加任何成分,也不用复述,但with复合结构不受此限制)Hestoodatthedoor,withacomputerinhishand.
或Hestoodatthedoor,computerinhand.
(with+名词/代词+形容词)
Withhissonsodisappointing,theoldmanfeltunhappy.
(with+名词/代词+名词)
InthecenterofLondonthereisatallwhitebuildingwiththename“BushHouse”
注意:
在with(without)的复合结构中,多数情况下with能省略,但without不能省略
【大展身手】
动名词复合结构:
1.______themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.
A.ThepresidentwillattendB.Thepresidenttoattend
C.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending
2.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_____.
A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught
3.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.
A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed
4._____asthemostexcellentstudentinheruniversity,asmostclassmateshadexpected,madeherparentsveryhappy.
A.MarywaschosenB.MarychosenC.MarybeingchosenD.Mary’sbeingchosen
5.Iwouldappreciate____backthisafternoon.
A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling
6.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?
A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking
Keys:
1-5DCCDC6-10B
with复合结构:
1.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_____behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
2.Withalotofproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.Beingsettled
3.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthenoise_____.
A.goingB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon
1-5DCA
复合宾语:
1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear.
A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout
2.Themissingboywaslastseen_____neartheEastLake.
A,playingB.playC.playedD.toplay
3.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_____.
A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry
4.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit____oftenenough.
A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained
1-5CAAD
独立主格:
1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_____inayear.
A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed
2.Withsomanyeyes_____onhim,hewastoonervoustospeak.
A.tofixB.fixingC.fixedD.beingfixed
3._____thelightoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.
A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because
4._____soshortatimeleftbeforethedeadline,Ifeelitimpossibletogettheworkfinishedontime.
A.WithB.AsC.ForD.Since
1-5CBCA
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