国际市场营销重点解析Word下载.docx
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国际市场营销重点解析Word下载.docx
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●Centralizedversusdecentralizedapproach集中与分散处理的办法
●Preparednessforinternationalizationandindustryglobalization:
pricingstrategyprototypes国际化和产业的全球化准备:
定价战略原型
8.WhatisaproductontheFOREXmarket?
Currencies
(FX)usuallyreferstoexpressedinforeigncurrenciescanbeusedforinternationalsettlementofallkindsofmeansofpayment.Include:
foreigncurrency,foreigncurrencydeposit,foreigncurrencysecuritiesandforeigncurrencypaymentvoucher.
9.WhatisWTO?
TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)istheonlyglobalinternationalorganizationdealingwiththerulesoftradebetweennations.
10.WhichcountryisnotmemberofWTO?
建议注意:
越南,朝鲜,斯坦系列(除了巴基斯坦)
People'
sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriaIslamicRepublicofIranRepublicoftheSudan阿尔及利亚人民民主共和国伊朗伊斯兰共和国苏丹共和国
11.WhatisBrand?
Uniquedesign,sign,symbol,words,oracombinationofthese,employedincreatinganimagethatidentifiesaproductanddifferentiatesitfromitscompetitors.
(Guidelinesforsuccessofaglobalbrand:
1.Recognition2.Consistency3.Emotion4.Uniqueness
5.Adaptability6.Management)
12.WhatisSlogan?
Asloganisanoun,usuallyrepeatedandpersuasivethatcreatesamemorablecatchphrase,motto,orjingle,thatexpressesaparticularaimorconcept。
InbusinessAsloganisasentenceplacedafteryourcompanynameorproductnamethathelpstogiveitanidentityandapositiveimage。
13.WhatisDesign?
Designisthecreationofaplanorconventionfortheconstructionofanobjectorasystem
14.Partsofdistributionchannelchain?
Manufacturers,merchants(intermediaryandagentmiddlemen),theconsumer制造商、商人(中间商和代理中间商)、消费者
15.Elementsof4PS?
1.Promotion2.Price3.Product4.Place
16.WhatisEthnocentrism?
Ethnocentricisafocusonthehomemarket
●Consumersbeliefabouttheethicsofbuyingforeignproducts
●Ethnocentricconsumersareproudofbrandsandsymbolsoftheirowncountry
●Ethnocentricconsumersarelessopentoforeignculturesandcosmopolitanism
17.Modesofmarket-entry.
<
1>
export-basedmode
2>
contract-basedmode
3>
equity-basedmodes
18.Whoislicenser?
Whoislicensee?
认可者是谁?
被许可方是谁
Forafee,thelicensorallowsthelicenseetouseintellectualpropertytogainpresenceinthemarketscoveredbythelicensee。
Smallupfrontcost/riskforlicensee
Royaltiescantranslateintodirectprofitforlicensor
(Licenserselllicensetolicensee)(licenseedon’tcare/responsibleofthequalityoftheproduct)
收费的,许可人允许被许可人使用知识产权获得市场由被许可人的存在
小的前期成本/被许可方的风险
版税许可方可以转化为直接利润
(许可销售许可被许可人)(被许可方不在乎/负责产品的质量)
19.FormsofInternationalJointVentures?
Twoormorecompaniesfromthesamecountryformanalliancetoenteranothercountry
Anoverseascompanyjoinsalocalcompanytoenteritsdomesticmarket
FirmsfromtwoormorecountriesbandtogetherinaJVformedinathirdcountry.
4>
Foreignprivatebusinessandagovernmentagreetojoinforcesinapursuitofmutualinterests
5>
AforeignprivatefirmentersintoaJVwithagovernment-ownedfirmtoenterintoathirdnationalmarket
20.Globalvision?
Theabilitytolookintothefutureorthecapacitytovisualizetheimagethatthecompanyisseekingtocreateonaworld-widebasis.
21.Localvision?
22.Factorswhichareinfluencingpricingdecisions
competitivefactors
consumerfactors
productfactorsanddistributionchannels
countriesfactors
companyfactors(strategiclevel)
23.ConcentrationStrategy.
Companyfocusesintenselyononesegmentofthemarketanddesignsitsmarketingeffortswiththatsegmentinmind
Decreasedcompetitionanddominantshareare‘pros’
But,lackof‘portfoliodiversification’meansgreaterfinancialrisk
24.GoalofanSTPstrategy
Toidentifyandengagetherightcustomersegments,butalsotopreservethetrueidentityofthebrandwhileansweringtheneedtopositionitinverycustomized,segment-specificcommunications
25.Segment(definition)
Segmentisagroupofcustomerswithcommonneeds,valuesandresponsivenesstomarketingvariables(homogeneousclusters)
26.Brandproduct(definition)
Strategybasedonadirectlinkbetweenabrandandaspecificproduct
27.Culturalmacro-segmentation
identificationofgroupsofcountriesthataresimilarintermsofsomemacroindicatorsorintermsofculture
(2)Thevariablesthatcanbeusedare:
economy
geography
politics
religion
cultur
28.Stagesofproductlifecycle
Productdevelopmentstage产品开发阶段
Introductionphase介绍阶段
Developmentphase开发阶段
Maturityphase成熟阶段
Declinephase下降阶段
29.Influencingpricesdecisions(5)
•Competitivefactors
•Consumerfactors
•ProductfactorsanddistributionChannels产品因素和分销渠道
•Countryfactors
•Companyfactors(strategiclevel)
30.Ingredientbrand(definition)
Additionalbrandaboutadifferentversionofaspecificproductoran“ingredient“
31.Price(definition)
Priceisatangiblevalueofanoffercreatedthroughproduct,distributionandcommunicationdecisions。
(Pricingdecisionsareintrinsicallytiedtoothermarketingmixvariables.
Inaglobalcontext,thepricethataproductcangaininthemarketoftendeterminesitsdevelopment)价格是报价的有形资产的价值通过产品,分销和沟通决定
定价决策是本质上与其他营销组合变量。
在全球背景下,产品在市场上可以获得的价格往往决定了它的发展
32.Globalization(definition)
Globalizationisaprocessofinteractionandintegrationdrivenbyinternationaltrade
33.Marketing(definition)
Marketingisasocietalprocessbywhichindividualsandgroupsobtainwhattheyneedandwantthroughcreating,offering,andexchangingproductsandservicesofvaluefreelywithothers.营销是一个社会过程,个人和团体获得他们所需要的,并希望通过创造,提供和交换产品和服务的价值与他人自由。
Marketingistheprocessofplanningandexecutingtheconception,pricing,promotion,anddistributionofideas,goods,andservicestocreateexchangesthatsatisfyindividualandorganizationalgoals.营销是计划和执行的过程的概念、定价、促销和分销的想法,商品,,和服务创建交流,满足个人和组织目标。
MarketPotential:
isthelevelofdemandthatwouldexistifallpeoplewhoexpresstheneedfortheproductwouldbuyandusetheproductinthemaximumquantityavailable
34.Marketpotentialformula
MPts=(NtsxPt)xFtsxDts
N=numberofpotentialcustomers
P=percentageofpotentialcustomerswithdiscretionaryincomelevelfortheproductcategory
D=dosage(quantityperuse)
F=Frequence
s=marketspace
t=timeperiod
☉35.Marketshareanalysis
☉StrategicAlliances(definition)
Astrategicallianceisaformal,contractualrelationshipbetweentwoormorefirmsthatshareresourcestopursueacommongoal.
▪Vertical
Firmsfromdifferentindustriescooperate
▪Horizontal
Firmsarefromthesameindustry(没有垄断)
☉1印度、俄罗斯、中国、巴西是在集团国家在同一个联盟命名…
☉2单色和彩色的定义
☉3发展中国家的消费者大多喜欢:
☉4哪种危机不是自然灾害危机?
☉5什么是世界上最著名的经销商吗
☉6投资的风险有一个预定的最大缺点潜力,通常初始投资额
☉7公司或策略实施的步骤来确定产品的最优价格。
☉8什么是外汇市场上的产品?
外汇foreignexchange(FX市场)通常指以外国货币表示的可用于国际结算的各种支付手段。
包括:
外国货币、外币存款、外币有价证券(政府公债、国库券、公司债券、股票等)、外币支付凭证(票据、银行存款凭证、邮政储蓄凭证等)。
☉9世贸组织是什么
☉10哪个国家不是世贸组织成员?
☉11品牌是什么?
☉12口号是什么?
☉13设计是什么?
☉14地区分销渠道链?
☉15、4ps的元素?
☉16、种族中心主义是什么?
☉17、掉期交易模式。
☉18、认可者是谁?
☉19、形式的国际合资企业?
☉20、全球视野?
☉21、当地的愿景吗?
☉22、影响定价的决定因素
☉23集中策略。
☉24、STP战略的目标
☉25市场细分的(定义)
☉26品牌产品(定义)
☉27文化的宏观细分?
?
macro-segmentation
☉28产品生命周期阶段
☉29影响价格的决定(5)
☉30成分品牌(定义)
☉31价格(定义)
☉32全球化(定义)
☉33营销(定义)
☉34市场潜力的公式
☉35市场份额分析
▪Positiveeffectsoffinancialcrisis:
1.helpfultocleanthemarket
2.giveopportunitiestoenlargebusiness
3.togetthecompetitiveadvantages
▪Negativeeffectsoffinancialcrisis:
1.Bankrupting2.unempolyment3.economicdepression
▪Globalmarketsegmentcriteria
Criteriatouseinformingthesegment:
1.Measurable:
Size,purchasingpower,andprofileofsegment
2.Differentiable:
Responddifferentlychangesinthemarketingmix
3.Accessible:
canbereachedandserved
4.Substantial:
Largeandprofitableenoughtoserve
5.Actionable:
stableenoughtoallowforpropertargetingandmeasurableresponse
Criteriatochoosesegments(补考)
1.Marketsize2.Growthrate3.Competitiveposition
4.Marketaccessibility5.Customerfit
▪Concentrated&
CustomizedApproaches
Concentrated(NicheTargeting)
---Companyfocusesintenselyononesegmentofthemarketanddesignsitsmarketingeffortswiththatsegmentinmind
1.Decreasedcompetitionanddominantshareare‘pros’
2.But,lackof‘portfoliodiversification’meansgreaterfinancialrisk
Customized(Micromarketing)
---Deepersegmentationofthetargetmarketandmorenuancedandspecializedproductsandmarketingcam
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