完整版《雾都孤儿》批判现实主义的力作英文毕业设计Word格式文档下载.docx
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完整版《雾都孤儿》批判现实主义的力作英文毕业设计Word格式文档下载.docx
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OliverTwist
-----AMasterpieceofCriticalRealism
摘要
维多利亚时代是英国现实主义小说的辉煌时代,查尔斯·
狄更斯是英国十九世纪最杰出的批判现实主义作家。
狄更斯从民主资本主义和人道主义的立场出发,揭露英国社会丑恶和不公,批判资本主义制度。
他的作品主要以写实笔法揭露上层社会和资产阶级的虚伪、贪婪和凶残,并对贫苦人民的不幸,特别是妇女、儿童和老人的悲惨处境,表示了极大的同情。
《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯第一部结构严谨,情节连贯的批判现实主义小说,它以资本主义社会为背景,描写了英国伦敦贫苦儿童的悲惨生活。
本文将全面阐述《雾都孤儿》这部小说创作的历史背景、社会环境和人物特征,分析狄更斯《雾都孤儿》批判现实主义的创作用意和艺术特征,进而挖掘批判现实主义对西方文学的影响及贡献。
关键词:
查尔斯·
狄更斯;
雾都孤儿;
批判现实主义
Abstract
VictorianageisamagnificenttimeoftheEnglishrealisticnovels.CharlesDickensisthegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealisminthenineteenthcentury.DickensexposedthechieftraitsofEnglishsocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticand,childrenandtheelderly.
OliverTwistisDickensfirststructuredandcoherentrealisticnovel.IttakestheEnglishcapitalistsocietyasthebackground,describingthemiserablelifeofLondonpoorchildren.Basedonthestudyofthecreationbackground,socialenvironmentandcharactersofOliverTwist,thisessayistoanalyzethewriter'
sintentionandartisticcharacteristicsinOliverTwist.Furthermore,thepaperfurtherstudiestheimpactandthecontributionthatthecriticalrealismmadeonwesternliterature.
KeyWords:
CharlesDickens;
OliverTwist;
CriticalRealism
TableofContents
AcknowledgementsI
摘要II
AbstractIII
TableofContentsIV
Chapter1Introduction1
Chapter2GeneralIntroductiontoOliverTwist4
2.1TheSynopsisoftheNovel4
2.2LiteratureReview5
2.3TheCommentsoftheNovel6
Chapter3CriticalRealisminOliverTwist8
3.1TheDefinitionofCriticalRealism8
3.2CharlesDickens---theGreatestEnglishRealist9
3.3TheCriticalRealisminOliverTwist10
3.3.1CondemnationoftheDecayintheSociety11
3.3.2CondemnationoftheNewPoorLaw12
3.3.3CriticalViewoftheCapitalisticSystem13
3.3.4CriticalViewoftheMoralityofMoneyWorship13
Chapter4TheWritingSkillsofCriticalRealisminOliverTwist15
4.1Characters’Creation15
4.2HumorandSatire16
4.3ProfoundSymbol17
Chapter5Conclusion19
Bibliography21
Chapter1Introduction
DuringthereignofQueenVictoria,theEnglishnovelcameofage,swiftly,anddramatically.OneinnovationofVictoriannovelistswasRealism,whichpresentedadetailedportraitoflifeinnineteenthcenturyEngland.
ManyfactorsexplaintheriseofnovelsasadominantgenreduringtheVictorianage.First,Englandgrewfromanagriculturalcountryintoanindustrializedoneandbecametheworkshopoftheworldaswellasitsfinancialandpoliticalcenter.Second,thewriting,whichmadeitpossibleforthewriterstomakealivingbywriting.Third,theconditionsofthetime,theterriblepovertyontheonetheotherrelationsratherthansermonsgiveninchurch.
TheVictoriannovelistswereprimarilyconcernedwithpeopleinsocietyandwiththeirrelationtootherpeople.Andthefunctionofanovelistwasalsoextendedfrommeredescriptionandmoralizationtosocialcriticism.Alltheevilsoftheexistinginstitutions-government,law,church,education,andpenalsystems,withtheirinjusticeandcorruptionandthewretchednesswereinflictedbybourgeois.Manyofthegreatnovelsofthedaywererousingpopularsuccesses.CuiTong(2010)pointedoutthatforagreatartist,closelyties,whichreflectedinthecreationoftheprincipletofollow,andthenthenineteenthcentury,novelistsaregenerallyknownascriticalrealists.Thenovelsexploredtheconditionofthepoorandthemannersofthesociety,satirizedtheindividualsorinstitution,advocatedsocialreforms,andprovidingdiversionforpeopleofalllevels.WangLei(2007)statesthatintheirworks,thegreedandoftheupperclasswerecontrastedwiththepeopleofthelowerclasses.HumorandsatirearetheveryimportantcharacteristicoftheEnglishrealisticnovels.
Withregardtotheliteraryformthemajorcontributionmadebythenineteenthcenturycriticalrealistsliesintheirperfectionofthenovel.Therealisticnovelsnotonlypicturedtheconflictsbetweenseparateindividualswhostoodfordefinitesocialstatus,butalsoshowedbroadsocialconflictsabovethefateofmereindividuals.CharlesDickensandWilliamMakepeaceThackerayareregardedasthegreatestoftheVictorianperiod.Dickenswaspraisedas“theShakespeareinthenovelists,”“BritishBalzac”(KarlMarx).
CharlesDickensisknownastheportrayerofchildlife.Heisparticularlyfamousforfolks,DickensgivesatruthfulpictureofcapitalistEnglandofthetime,shows.
1834andthecurrenttrialofanotoriousfenceandthief-trainer.Byfollowingthemostunfortunateexperienceofapoororphanboy,Oliver,theauthormeanstogiveavividpictureoftheunderworldwithallkindsofthieves,prostitutesandmurderersaswellastheastrictsense,isnotreallyatheworkhouse;
tobeapickpocket,anintrigueof,themoral,thesocialphenomenaandsoon.Justasthemostpeople’sanalysis,OliverTwistexposesitsreaderstoaworldofcrimeandmeanness,adog-eat-dogworld.Thepaper,analyzingthesocialphenomenaandtheessenceofconflictsinOliverTwist,therefore,thenineteenthcentury.
Chapter2GeneralIntroductiontoOliverTwist
ThischapterintroducesthenovelOliverTwistgenerally.Itdescribesthesynopsisofthestoryfirstly;
then,itintroducesthecurrentstudyaboutthenovelandgivesabriefcommentofthenovel.
2.1TheSynopsisoftheNovel
ThenoveltellsthestoryofapoorchildnamedOliverTwist;
inaworkhousein1830sEngland.Hismother,whosenamenooneknows,isfoundonthestreetanddiesjustafterOliver'
sbirth.Oliverspendsthefirstnineyearsofabadlyrunistransferredtoaworkhouseforadults.AftertheotherboysbullyOliverintoaskingformoregruelattheendofameal,Mr.Bumble,theparishbeadle,offersfivepoundstoanyonewhowilltaketheboyawayfromtheworkhouse.Olivernarrowlyescapesbeingapprenticedtoalocalundertaker,Mr.Sowerberry.Whentheundertaker’sotherapprentice,NoahClaypole,makesdisparagingcommentsaboutOliver'
smother,OliverattacksandtravelsLondon.
OutsideLondon,Oliver,starvedandexhausted,meetsJackDawkins,aboyofage.JackofferstheLondon.ItturnsoutthatFaginisacareercriminalwhotrainsorphanboystopickpocketsforapick-pocketingmissionwithtwootherboys.Whenelderlygentleman,Oliveriswhose,takesthefeverishOlivertoMr.Brownlow’sFagin’sgang,BillSikesand.
FaginsendsOlivertoassistSikesinaburglary.Oliverisshotbyaservantoftheinbythewomenwholivethere,Mrs.Mayliesandidyllicsummerwiththeminthecountryside.butFaginandamysteriousmannamedMonksaresetonrecapturingOliver.Meanwhile,itisrevealedthatOliver’smotherleftbehindagoldlocketwhenshedied.Monksobtainsanddestroysthatlocket.WhentheMayliescometoLondon,NancymeetssecretlywithRoseandinforms’sdesigns,butamemberofFagin’sgangoverhearstheconversation.WhenwordofNancy’sdisclosurereachesSikes,.Pursuedbyangrymob,andaffairwithOliver’smother,AgnesFleming.MonkspursuingOliverallalongintheoverOliver’ssharetoOliver.Moreover,itisdiscoveredthatRoseisAgnes’syoungersister,isthecountryside.
2.2LiteratureReview
SincethenovelOliverTwistpublished,manyscholarscommentontheCriticalRealisminthenovel.
LuJianguo(2004)analyzedtheCriticalRealismfromtheDickens’life,thesocialbackground,andthepurposeofwriting.HethoughtOliverTwistwasDickens’firstauthenticnovelandalsowasthefirsttimethatQinglan(2006)fromthechildreneducationproblemtoshowthecriticizerealisticinOliverTwist.ShepointedoutDickensraisedmanykindssocialproblems,especiallytheproblemofchildreneducation.Inandappealedurgentlythatsociety,schoolsandfamiliesmustpaymoreattentiontothechildren’seducationandtakecareofthemandafamily,marriageandmoralofthethreeclasses,anddiscussesthesocialphenomenaandtheessenceofconflictamongproletariat,bourgeoisieandaristocratic.Itexposesthebourgeoisieofexploitationandslandersontheproletariat.
Thesestudiesreflectthedifficultcriticalrealismfromdifferentaspects.However,thecriticalrealistsdidn’trealizethenecessityofchangingthecapitalistsocietythroughconsciouseffort.Dickenswasunabletofindawaytosolvethesocialconflicts.OliverTwiststartsfromapowerfulexposureoftheuglinessofthecapitalistsociety,butBritishliterarytheworldwhosepositioncan'
tbereplaced.LivingintheBritishcapitalistsociety,fromoftheBritishsocialsituation,Dickenscreatednumerousworkswithvariousstyles;
amongwhichthemostfamousarethenovels.Dickens'
scoreideaisthecapitalistchangethesituationbyreform.Headvocatesfreedom,equality,andcharity,thinkingthatthenaturedecidesthevalue.Inunbrokenfaithinpeoplewithanentirepessimismastocapitalistsociety”(LiuBingshan,1993:
362).Heisintentoncriticizingandattackingthesocialevils,thepoverty,injustice,,moneyworshipandsoon.Inofpeopleandplaces,bothrealandimagined.
arealist.HemakeschaptersprovideamostbitterandthoroughgoingexposureoftheterribleconditionintheEnglandworkhouseofthetimeandthecrueltreatmentofapoororphanbyallsortsofphilanthropists.ThefamoussceneinChapterIIselectedwhichOliverisbeatenupandpunishedmerelybecauseextraportionofgrueltoalleviateoftheoppressorsandtheiragents.Sceneslikethisaboundinthisnovel,fromwhichwecanseethegreatcriticalrealistCharlesDickensvoicingtheOliverTwist
SincetheIndustrial
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