《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物地精神演化过程分析报告Word文档格式.docx

《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物地精神演化过程分析报告Word文档格式.docx

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姓名吴延红学号090706223

指导教师范晓航职称教授

二О一三年五月二十六日

AnalysisontheProcessoftheMonster’sSpiritualEvolutioninFrankenstein

By

WuYanhong

Supervisor:

FanXiaohang

DepartmentofForeignLanguages

ZhengzhouInstituteofAeronauticalIndustryManagement

May,2013

内容摘要

玛丽·

雪莱是十九世纪英国浪漫主义文学史上重要的作家,她的作品《弗兰肯斯坦》是著名的哥特小说之一,被认为是世界上第一部真正意义上的科幻小说。

对《弗兰肯斯坦》的解读有很多,不少评论家从科学的危险性这一角度来讨论，也有人从女权主义角度进行研究，本文则着重对怪物的精神演化过程进行分析研究。

作者在序言中提到，写这篇小说受到达尔文生物研究的启发。

作者所处的浪漫主义时代就是以进化论发展为背景。

《弗兰肯斯坦》这篇小说其实就讲述着人这种生物的精神演化过程。

怪物无名无姓，虽具人形，但还没有进化成一个真正的“人”。

怪物既是弗兰肯斯坦的创造物，又是他的自我的创造物，本文主要分析了怪物在其短暂生命中经历的精神上的进化与沉沦，由渴望融入人类社会到转而报复人类的过程。

本论文文分为三部分，第一部分写怪物的精神成长过程，怪物通过对自然，人类以及社会的理解和认同，崇尚人类社会的高尚美德，渴望融入人类社会，被人类接受，成为其中的一员。

第二部分分析了怪物的精神沉沦，怪物一次次遭受无情打击，极度绝望下采取疯狂报复行为，最后因内心矛盾挣扎和痛苦而自杀。

第三部分分析了影响他精神变化的因素，怪物本性单纯善良，但由于自我身份的缺失，社会的不认可以及父爱，亲情的缺失，促使怪物走向了极端。

关键词

《弗兰肯斯坦》；

弗洛姆；

精神进化

Abstract

MaryShelleyisanimportantnovelistinthehistoryofBritishRomanticliteratureinthe19thcentury.Herwork,Frankenstein,isoneofthefamousGothicnovels,anditwasconsideredthefirstsciencefictioninthemodernsense.TherearemanyinterpretationstoFrankenstein.Manycriticsdiscussitfromthepointofscientificdanger,andsomeonefromtheviewpointoffeminismtoresearchit.Thisthesismainlyfocusesontheprocessofthemonster’sspiritualevolution.

Astheauthormentionsinthepreface,thisstoryisinspiredbyDarwin’sbiologicalresearch.Infact,theromanticerathattheauthorlivesinisonthebackgroundofthedevelopmentofevolution.Frankenstein,infact,ismainlyabouthowthementalofhumanthisorganismevolute.Infact,themonsterisnameless.Thoughhehastheappearanceofhuman,hedoesn’tevoluteintoatrueman.ThemonsterisFrankenstein’screationandisalsothecreationofhimself.Thisthesismainlyanalysesthemonster’sspiritualevolutionanddestruction,fromdesiringtointegrateintohumansocietytotakingrevengeonthehuman.Thisthesisisdividedintothreeparts.Thefirstpartanalysesthemonster’sspiritualgrowthprocessofthemonster,byunderstandingthenature,thehumanandthehumansociety,themonsteradvocatesthenoblevirtuesofhumananddesiretointegrateintothehumansociety.Inthesecondpartanalysesthemonster’sspiritualdestruction.Themonstersuffershitswithoutmercyagainandagain,takingcrazydisruptivebehaviorunderextremedespair.Finallyhecommitssuicidebecauseofhisinnercontradictionstruggleandsuffering.Thelastpartalsoemphaticallyanalyzesthemainfactorsthataffecthismentalchanges.Themonster’snatureispureandinnocent,butduetothelackofself-identify,beingnotrecognizingbythesociety,andthelackoffather’sloveoraffectionfromothers,makingthemonster’spsychologyisimbalanceandpromptingthemonster’sbehaviortogototheextreme.

Keywords:

Frankenstein,Fromm,Spiritualevolution

Acknowledgements

Iwouldliketoacknowledgeandextendmyheartfeltgratitudetothosewhohelpmetofinishthethesis.

Firstofall,duringthetimethatIwrotethisthesis,Igotthehelpfrommanypeople,IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmyheartfeltthankstomysupervisorFanXiaohang,whohelpedmeplanthethesis,gavemeinvaluableadvice,andencouragedmetheearlystageofthethesis.Herpatienthelpandtimelyencouragementareworthyofhighacknowledgement.What’smore,shecheckedmythesiscarefullyandhelpedmerevisethethesisandIcouldfinishthispaper.Ontheprocessofcomposingthepaper,shealsoplayedanimportantroleinindicatingabrightroadinmyfuturewriting.

Inaddition,AndIshouldalsoexpressmysinceregratitudetotheotherteachersintheDepartmentofForeignLanguages,includingChenJing,LiuRuihongandsoon.FromwhomI’velearnedalotaboutprofessionalknowledgeandresearchmethodologyaswell.

Lastbutnotleast,myspecialthanksshouldgotomydearfriendsandclassmates.Theyhavegivenmesincerehelpandencouragementsincethewritingofthethesiswasunderway.

Contents

Abstract（inChinese）.............................................................................i

Abstract（inEnglish）.............................................................................ii

Acknowledgements.................................................................................iv

Introduction.............................................................................................1

1.TheMonster’sSpiritualGrowth........................................................3

1.1TheMonster’sUnderstandingoftheNature....................................31.2TheMonster’sUnderstandingoftheHuman...................................5

1.3TheMonster’sUnderstandingoftheSociety....................................6

2.TheMonster’sSpiritualDestruction...................................................7

2.1TheChangeoftheMonster’sMind..................................................7

2.2SeekingHelpfromtheFather...........................................................8

2.3TakingCrazyDisruptiveBehavior...................................................9

2.4DesiringforDeath―SettingHimselfonFire................................10

3.TheReasonsfortheChangesofMonster’sSpirit..............................10

3.1TheLackoftheSelf-Identity..........................................................10

3.2BeingUnacceptable........................................................................12

3.3TheLackofFather’sLove.............................................................13

Conclusion............................................................................................13

WorksCited............................................................................................16

Introduction

MaryWollstonecraftShelly（1797-1851），anoutstanding19th-centuryBritishnovelist,isthesecondwifeofPercyShelley,thefamousRomanticpoet.Shecreates17worksintotalduringherlifetime.However,herreputationrestsonwhatsheoncecalledasher“hideousprogeny”,Frankenstein,orTheModernPrometheus（1881）,whichhastranscendedtheGothicandhorrorgenres.

SincethenovelFrankensteinwaspublishin1881,itspopularityhasindeedbeenprodigious.ItisconsideredoneofthebestGothicnovelaswellasthefirstsciencefictioninthemodernsense.IthasbeenreadbysomanypeopleoverdecadesandhasbeenreprintedinsomanydifferentEnglish-languageeditions.Moreover,IthasbeentranslatedintoChinese,Japanese,Arabic,Urdu,NalayamandmostEuropeanlanguages.Thestory’spopularityisfurtherevidencedbythefactthatinthe19thand20thcenturiesmanymelodramasandhorrormovieswerebasedonthenovel.

ThestoryofFrankensteinwasconceivedin“awet,ungenialsummer”of1861atLakeLemanSwitzerlandwhereMaryandPercyShelleyhadsettlednearByronandhisdoctorJohnPolidori.Theyspentmuchtimetogether,talkingandreading.OneeveningafterreadingGothicstories,Byronsuggestedthat“[theywould]eachwriteaghoststory”.MarywaitedseveraldaysinvainforanideauntilshewasimpressedbyadiscussionbetweenByronandShellyaboutgalvanismandthenotionofcreatinglifeviaelectricityandawokefromanightmarethatnight.Acoupleofdayslater,basedonthedream,Marybegantowritethemonster’snarrative,whichformsthebook’scentralsection.

Sinceitspublication,Frankensteinhasmostlybeenacclaimedandstudiedasagothichonornovel,orasasciencefiction.Recently,Criticshavealsobeguntoapproachitfromreligious,feministic,thepsychoanalytic,Freudianreadingandsoon.In1979,TheEnduranceofFrankenstein:

EssaysonMaryShell’sNovelwhichwaswrittenbyLevin.Georgecollectedmorethantwelveresearcharticlesoffamousscholars.Thisthesiswillfocusontheanalysisontheprocessofthemonster’sspiritualevolutioninFrankenstein.TheauthormentionsintheprefacethatthewritingofthisnovelisinspiredbyDarwin’sbiologicaltheoryresearch.Infact,theauthorlivedintheromanticera,whichwasonthebackgroundofthedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolution.However,intheauthor’sera,themostpopulartheorywasJ.B.Lamarck’sRomantictheoryofevolution,whichisinadvanceofDarwin’theory.Lamarck（1744-1829）considered,everycreaturehasinternaldrivetoperfecthimself,andeveryorganismisincontinuouslyupdateandintheevolutionaryprocessofself-improvement（LuoJicai,2002:

131）.What’smore,manyRomanticideologistevenconsideredthatthespiritofpeopleisalsoinevolution.Hegelthoughtthat,infact,inthisworldtheman’sselfisinaprocessofevolution.Becausetheworldisyourself.

Latermanythinkershavealsoacceptedthetheoryoftheevolution.AmericanpsychoanalystFrommthought,thehumanbeingscan’tstandhimselfaseparation.Inordertoovercomethepaincausedbyisolation,hemaytakesomeevolutionarywaytodeveloptheircognition,reason,andtheabilityoflove,soastosurpassthemselvesandreachanewharmonyandunitywiththeworld.Thisisakindofspiritualevolution.Peoplemayalsotakethenegativeanddegeneratedway,relyingonacertainauthority,forexample,orbydegradingtothestatethattheperceptionhasyetnotproducedtoovercomethissenseofisolation.（Fromm,1960）

Actually,Frankenstein,thisnovelisaboutthespiritualevolutionprocessofthehumanorganism.Infact,themonsterisnameless,called“theCreature”（Shelley,1996）inthisbook.Itsuggeststhatthemonsterishuma