基于JavaWeb的博客网站的设计与实现外文翻译Word文档格式.docx
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基于JavaWeb的博客网站的设计与实现外文翻译Word文档格式.docx
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Thesenewdatabasedevelopmentprojectsisusuallyinordertomeetthestrategicneedsoforganizations,suchasimprovingcustomersupport,improveproductandinventorymanagement,oramoreaccuratesalesforecast。
However,manymoredatabasedevelopmentprojectisthebottom-upapproachemerging,suchasinformationsystemuserneedsspecificinformationtocompletetheirwork,thusbeginningaprojectrequest,andasotherinformationsystemsexpertsfoundthatorganizationsneedtoimprovedatamanagementandbeginnewprojects.Bottom-upeveninthecircumstances,tosetupanenterprisedatamodelisalsonecessarytounderstandtheexistingdatabasecanprovidethenecessarydata,otherwise,thenewdatabase,dataentitiesandattributescanbeaddedtothecurrentdataresourcestotheorganization。
Boththestrategicneedsoroperationalinformationneedsofeachdatabasedevelopmentprojectsnormallyconcentratedinadatabase。
Someprojectsonlyconcentratedinthedatabasedefinition,designandimplementationofadatabase,asafollow-uptothebasisofthedevelopmentofinformationsystems。
However,inmostcases,thedatabaseandassociatedinformationprocessingfunctionasacompleteinformationsystemsdevelopmentprojectwaspartofthedevelopment.
one.SystemDevelopmentLifeCycle
Guidemanagementinformationsystemdevelopmentprojectsisthetraditionalprocessofsystemdevelopmentlifecycle(SDLC).SystemdevelopmentlifecycleisanorganizationofthedatabasedesignersandprogrammersinformationsystemcomposedofthePanelofExpertsdetaileddescription,development,maintenanceandreplacementoftheentireinformationsystemsteps。
ThisprocessisbecauseWaterfallthanforeverystepintotheadjacentthenextstep,thatis,theinformationsystemisaspecificationdevelopedbyapieceofland,everypieceoftheoutputisunderaninput.Howevershowninthefigure,thesestepsarenotpurelylinear,eachofthestepsoverlapintime(andthuscanmanageparallelsteps),butwhentheneedtoreconsiderpreviousdecisions,butalsotorollbacksomestepsahead.(Andthereforewatercanbeputbackinthewaterfall!
)
Thesystemdevelopmentlifecycleincludingeachstageanddatabasedevelopment-relatedactivities,therefore,thequestionofdatabasemanagementsystemsthroughouttheentiredevelopmentprocess.InFigure5werepeatofthesystemdevelopmentlifecyclestageoftheseven,andoutlinesthecommondatabaseateachstageofdevelopmentactivities.Pleasenotethatthesystemsdevelopmentlifecyclestagesanddatabasedevelopmentstepsexistsbetweentherelationshipbetweentheconceptofmodelingdatainbothsystemsdevelopmentlifecyclestagesbetween。
1。
1EnterpriseModeling
Databasedevelopmentprocessfromtheenterprisemodeling(systemdevelopmentlifecyclestageoftheprojectfeasibilitystudies,andtochooseapart)
Organizationssetthescopeandgeneraldatabasecontent.Enterprisemodelingininformationsystemsplanningandotheractivities,theseactivitiesdeterminewhichpartofinformationsystemsneedtochangeandstrengthentheentireorganizationandoutlinesthescopeofdata.Inthisstep,checkthecurrentdatabaseandinformationsystems,developmentoftheprojectasthemainareasofthenatureofthebusiness,withaverygeneraldescriptionofeachterminthedevelopmentofinformationsystemswhenneededdata.Eachitemonlywhenitachievedtheexpectedgoalsoforganizationscanbewhenthenextstep.
2ConceptualDataModeling
OnehasalreadybegunontheInformationSystemproject,theconceptofdatamodelingphaseoftheinformationsystemsneedsofallthedata。
Itisdividedintotwostages.First,itbegantheprojectintheplanningstage。
Atthesametimeoutliningtheestablishmentofotherdocumentstotheexistingdatabasewithoutconsideringthecircumstancesspecificdevelopmentprojectsinthescopeoftherequireddata.Thiscategoryonlyincludeshigh-leveldata(entities),andmaincontact。
Theninthesystemdevelopmentlife—cycleanalysisstagemusthaveamanagementinformationsystemsettheentireorganizationDetailsofthedatamodeldefinitionofalldataattributes,listingalldatatypesthatalldatainter-entitybusinesslinkages,definingdescriptionofthefulldataintegrityrules。
Intheanalysisphase,butalsotheconceptofinspectiondatamodel(alsocalledtheconceptbehindthemodel)andthegoalofinformationsystemsusedtoexplainotheraspectsofthemodelofconsistencycategories,suchasprocessingsteps,rulesanddataprocessingtimeoftiming。
However,eveniftheconceptissuchdetaileddatamodelisonlypreliminary,becausefollow—upinformationsystemlifecycleactivitiesinthedesignofservices,statements,displayandinquiriesmayfindthatmissingelementormistakes。
Therefore,theconceptofdataoftensaidthatmodelingisatop-downmanner,itsareasofoperationfromthegeneralunderstandingofthedriver,ratherthanthespecificinformationprocessingactivitiesbythedriver.
3LogicalDatabaseDesign
Logicaldatabasedesignfromtwoperspectivesdatabasedevelopment。
First,theconceptofdatamodeltransformintorelationaldatabasetheorybasedonthecriteriathatmeans—between.Then,asthedesignofinformationsystems,everycomputerprocedures(includingproceduresfortheinputandoutputformat),databasesupportservices,statements,andinquiriesrevealedthatadetailedexamination。
Inthisso—calledBottom-upanalysis,accurateverificationoftheneedtomaintainthedatabaseandthedataineachaffairs,statementsandsoontheneedsofthoseinthenatureofthedata.Foreachseparatestatements,services,andsoontheanalysismusttakeintoaccountaspecific,limitedbutcompletedatabaseview.Whenstatements,services,andotheranalysismightbenecessarytochangetheconceptofdatamodel。
Especiallyinlarge-scaleprojects,thedifferentanalyticalsystemsdevelopmentstaffandtheteamcanworkindependentlyindifferentproceduresorinacentralized,thedetailsoftheirworkuntilallthelogicdesignstagemaybedisplayed.Inthesecircumstances,logicdatabasedesignstagemustbetheoriginalconceptofdatamodelanduserviewtheseindependentormergedintoacomprehensivedesign。
Inlogicdesigninformationsystemsalsoidentifyadditionalinformationprocessingneedsofthesenewdemandsatthistimemustbeintegratedintothelogicofearlieridentifiedinthedatabasedesign。
Logicaldatabasedesignisbasedonthefinalstepfortheformationofgooddataspecificationsanddeterminetherules,thecombination,thedataafterconsultationspecificationsorconvertedintobasicatomicelement。
Mostoftoday'
sdatabase,theserulesfromtherelationaldatabasetheoryandtheprocessknownasstandardization,#。
Thisstepistheresultofmanagementofthesedatahavenotcitedanydatabasemanagementsystemforacompletedescriptionofthedatabasemap。
Logicaldatabasedesigncompleted,webegantoidentifyindetailthelogicofthecomputerprogramandmaintenance,thereportcontentsofthedatabaseforinquiries.
1.4Physicaldatabasedesignanddefinition
Physicaldatabasedesignanddefinitionphasedecisionscomputermemory(usuallydisk)databaseintheorganization,definitionofAccordingtothelibrarymanagementsystemforphysicalstructure,theproceduresoutlinedprocessingservices,producethedesiredmanagementinformationanddecisionsupportstatements。
Theobjectiveofthisstageistodesignaneffectiveandsafemanagementofalldata—processingdatabase,thephysicaldatabasedesigntocloselyintegratetheinformationsystemsofotherphysicalaspectsofthedesign,includingprocedures,computerhardware,operatingsystemsanddatacommunicationsnetworks。
5DatabaseImplementation
Thedatabasepreparedbytherealizationstage,testingandinstallationproceduresforhandlingdatabases.Designerscanusethestandardprogramminglanguage(suchasCOBOL,CorVisualBasic),thededicateddatabaseprocessinglanguages(suchasSQL),ortheprocessofthenon-exclusivelanguageprogramminginordertoproduceastatementofthefixedformat,theresultwillbedisplayed,andmayalsoincludecharts。
Inachievingstage,butalsothecompletionofallthedatabasefiles,trainingusersforinformationsystems(database)usersetupprogram。
Thefinalstepistouseexistingsourcesofinformation(documentslegacyapplicationsanddatabasesandnowneedsnewdata)loadingdata.Loadingdataisoftenthefirststepindatafromexistingfilesanddatabasestoanintermediateformat(suchasbinaryortextfiles)andthentoturnintermediateloadingdatatoanewdatabase.Finally,runningdatabasesandrelatedapplicationsfortheactualusermaintenanceandretrievalofdata.Inoperation,theregularbackupdatabaseandthedatabasewhendamagedoraffectedresumedatabase。
6Databasemaintenance
Duringthedatabaseintheprogressivedevelopmentofdatabasemaintenance.Inthisstep,inordertomeetchangingbusinessconditions,inordertocorrecttheerroneousdatabasedesign,databaseapplicationsorprocessingspeedincrease,deleteorchangethestructureofthedatabase。
Whenaprocedureorfailureofthecomputerdatabaseaffectordamagethedatabasemayalsobereconstruction。
Thisstepusuallyisthelongestinthedatabasedevelopmentprocessstep,asitcontinuedtodatabasesandrelatedapplicationsthroughoutthelifecycle,thedevelopmentofeachdatabasecanbeseenasabriefdatabasedevelopmentprocessanddatamodelingconceptsarise,logicalandphysi
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