从目的论的角度看影视字幕翻译Word格式.docx
- 文档编号:19326217
- 上传时间:2023-01-05
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:10
- 大小:27.51KB
从目的论的角度看影视字幕翻译Word格式.docx
《从目的论的角度看影视字幕翻译Word格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《从目的论的角度看影视字幕翻译Word格式.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
film;
subtitletranslation;
skopostheory
摘 要:
电影是人们喜闻乐见的艺术形式,作为电影的重要组成部分,电影字幕具有传达信息,表现美感和吸引观众的功能。
但是,电影字幕的翻译并非易事,虽然目前很多译者就电影字幕的翻译提出各种各样的翻译方法,但仍然缺少具有科学性和指导性的系统翻译理论。
本文试图运用德国功能主义的“目的论”,分析研究电影的字幕翻译。
一切以目的而不是以手段评价译文的优劣,力求各种关系的协调一致,因此目的论为影视翻译提供了科学、可行的指导意义。
关键词:
电影;
字幕翻译;
目的论
Contents
Ⅰ.Introduction…………………………………………………………..1
Ⅱ.PurposeandSignificance……………………………………………1
Ⅲ.SkoposTheory………………………………………………………..2
A.Threestages…………………………………………………………………….2
1.KatharinaReissandthefunctionalcategoryoftranslationcriticism……………………………………………………………………2
2.HansJ.Vermeerandskopostheory...........................................................2
3.JustaHolz---Manttariandthetheoryoftranslationalaction………...3
B.Threerules……………………………………………………………………..3
1.Theskoposrule…………………………………………………………….3
2.Thecoherencerule………………………………………………………...3
3.Thefidelityrule…………………………………………………..4
Ⅳ.PreviousStudiesonEnglishFilmTranslation……………………..4
A.Newdefinitionoftranslation………………………………………………..4
B.PreviousstudiesonEnglishfilmtranslation………………………………4
Ⅴ.ApplicationofSkoposTheorytoFilmSubtitleTranslation………5
A.Foreignization………………………………………………………………...6
B.Domestication…………………………………………………………………7
C.Compromise…………………………………………………………………..8
D.Omission………………………………………………………………………8
E.Transliteration………………………………………………………………...9
Ⅵ.Conclusion..........................................................................................10
WorksCited..............................................................................................11
Ⅰ.Introduction
Withtherapiddevelopmentofglobalization,digitalization,andmultimediatechnologyaswellasthewideninganddeepeningofcrossculturalcommunication,therearemoreandmoreexchangesofaudio-visualproductsbetweenChinaandtheoutsideworld.Withoutgoodsubtitletranslation,therecouldbenosuccessfulexchangesoftheproducts.Amongallthetheoriesemployedinfilmtranslation,Skopostheoryhasprovidedasolidtheoreticalfoundationforthefaithfultransferenceofsubtitleinfilms.Skopostheoryliberatestranslationfromthechainofthesourcetextandprovidesanewperspectivetoelucidatetranslationalactivities.
Ⅱ.PurposeandSignificance
AppreciationofforeignfilmshasbecomeanessentialpartofmodernlifeinChina.It'
sanimportantchanneltofurtherunderstandingandcommunicationbetweendifferentcultures.Inrecentyears,theaudiovisualtranslation(AVT)hasshoweditsmountingsignificance.ResearchesonAVThavebeencarriedoutmoreextensivelyandintensivelyintheWest,thuscommongroundhasbeenreachedandconventionshavebeenestablishedintermsoftranslationstrategiesandqualitycontrol.Incomparison,researchesinthisfieldarefarfromenoughinChina.Atpresent,audiovisualproductsspringupingreatamountatthemarket,buttheirqualitiesareatquitedifferentlevelsduetothelackoftheoreticalinstructionsandnormalization.Thefunctionofsubtitleistomaximallyconvey,undertheconstraintsoftimeandspace,theinformationoftheoralspeechestotheaudienceandachieveconversionofculturesatthesametime.Skopostheoryholdsthattranslationshouldcenterontranslationpurpose,thetranslationstandardsshouldbemulti-facetedandthemulti-lateralrelationshipsbetweentheoriginalauthor,translationinitiator,translatorandtargetreadersshouldallbetakenintoconsiderationinthetranslationprocess.Meanwhile,thefunctionofcross-culturalcommunicationshouldbestressed.Obviously,Skopostheorycanprovidefeasibletheoreticalinstructionforsubtitling.ThetranslationstrategiesunderthesupervisionofSkopostheorygobeyondthelimitofanysingletranslationcriterion.Skopostheorybroadensthehorizonoffilmtranslationbyputtingtranslationintoascopeofdynamicactionsthatintegratethemulti-lateralrelationshipsbetweenthefilmproducer,translator,targetaudience,translationbrief,time,spaceandmedium.TheproductsoftranslationshouldbeevaluatedbythepurposeorSkoposachieved,notbytheapproachesemployed.Therefore,Skopostheorycanbeconsideredasafeasibleandscientificguidelinetothetranslationofsubtitles.
Ⅲ.SkoposTheory
Skopostheoryisanapproachtotranslationproposedinthelate1970sandearly1980sbyReissandVermeer.Itstressestheinteractional,pragmaticaspectsoftranslation,arguingthattheshapeoftargettextshouldaboveallbedeterminedbythefunctionor“skopos”thatitisintendedtofulfillinthetargetcontext.
Skopostheoryseestranslationasaformofhumanaction.Therefore,likeanyotherformsofhumanaction,translationhasapurpose.Andtranslatingshouldbetakenasapurposefulactivity.Theword“skopos”,derivedfromGreek,meansnothingbut“aim”or“purpose”,then,isatechnicaltermfortheaimorpurposeofatranslation(Vermeer227).
A.Threestages
Thedevelopmentoffunctionalismgoesthroughthreestages:
KatharinaReissandthefunctionalcategoryoftranslationcriticism,HansJ.VermeerandSkopostheorie,JustaHolz-Manttariandthetheoryoftranslationalaction.
1.KatharinaReissandthefunctionalcategoryoftranslationcriticism
Sheholdstheviewthattheidealtranslationisone“inwhichtheaiminthetargetlanguageisequivalenceasregardstheconceptualcontent,linguisticformandcommunicativefunctionofasourcelanguagetext”.Shereferstothiskindoftranslationas“integralcommunicativeperformance”(Nord9).
2.HansJ.Vermeerandskopostheory
Reissinitiatesthefunctionalisttheorybutisstillrestrainedbythedominantcriterion-equivalence.HerstudentHansJ.Vermeershakesoffthebondageofequivalenceandfocusesonthepurpose.HeprovidesanewaccesstotranslationstudiesfromtheperspectiveofSkoposbasedonthetheoryofaction.Hedefineshumanactionasintentional,purposefulbehaviorthattakesplaceinagivensituationandtranslationisatypeofhumanaction.Therefore,translationispurposeful.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsdeterminingthepurposeofatranslationistheaddressee,whoistheintendedreceiverorandienceofthetargettextwiththeirculture-specificworldknowledge,theirexpectationsandtheircommunicativeneeds.Everytranslationshouldbedirectedatanintendedaddressee.Vermeerregardsthesourcetextasonlyan“offerofinformation”andconsiderstranslationtobeatypeoftransferwherecommunicativeverbalandnon-verbalsignsaretransferredfromonelanguageintoanother.ThestatusofthesourceisclearlymuchlowerinSkopostheoriethaninequivalence-basedtheories.
3.JustaHolz---Manttariandthetheoryoftranslationalaction
JustaHolz-Manttariisaradicalfunctionalistandevenavoidsusingtheterm“translation”inthestrictsensewhichenableshertomoveawayfromthetraditionalconceptsandconnotationsconnectedwiththeword.Sheproposesanewterm“messagetransmitters”consistingoftextualmaterialcombinedwithothermediasuchaspictures,soundsandbodymovements.Translatorsareexpertsinproducingappropriatemessagetransmittersininterculturalcommunication.“Holz-Manttariplacesspecialemphasisontheactionalaspectsofthetranslationprocess,analyzingtherolesoftheparticipants(initiator,translator,user,messagereceiver)andthesituationalconditions(time,place,medium)inwhichtheiractivitiestakeplace”(Nord13).
B.Threerules
Skopostheoryismainlyconstructedbythreerules:
Skoposrule,coherenceruleandfidelityrule.
1.Theskoposrule
Skoposrule,asthetop-rankingruleforskopostheoriesaysthatatranslationalactionisdeterminedbyitsSkoposwhichmeans“theendjustifiesthemeans”(Reiss101).VermeerexplainstheSkoposruleinthefollowingway:
“Eachtextisproducedforagivenpurposeandshouldservethispurpose.TheSkoposrulethusreadsasfollows:
translate/interpret/speak/writeinawaythatenablesyourtext/translationtofunctioninthesituationinwhichitisusedandwiththepeoplewhowanttouseitandpreciselyinthewaytheywantittofunction”(Nord29).
Theruleisintendedtosolvetheeternaldilemmasoffreevs.faithfultranslationdynamicvs.formalequivalence,goodinterpretersvs.slavishtranslator,andsoon.Itmeansthattheskoposofaparticulartranslationtaskmayrequirea“free”ora“faithful”translation,oranythingbetweenthesetwoextremes,dependingonthepurposeforwhichthetranslationisneeded.
2.Thecoherencerule
Thecoherencerulecomingfromintratextualcoherencemeansthatanytranslationshouldbeunderstoodbythereceiveranditshouldmakesenseinthecommunicativesituationandcultureinwhichitisreceived.Whatatranslatorcando,andshoulddo,istoproduceatextthatisatleastlikelytobemeaningfultotarget-culturereceivers.
3.Thefidelityrule
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 目的论 角度 影视 字幕 翻译