08 概要写作上海市高三英语二模专项汇编Word格式.docx

08 概要写作上海市高三英语二模专项汇编Word格式.docx

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Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

2021宝山二模

WhatMakesanIdealFriend?

Tosaywhatanidealfriendisisnottheeasiestthingtodo.Eachpersonhashisorherownopinionofwhatonewouldbe.However,speakinggenerally,thesearecertainfeaturesthatmostpeopleconsidercharacteristicofanidealfriend.Loyal,trustworthy,andopentoshowweaknessarecommonqualitiesthatthemajorityofpeopleattachtoidealfriends.

Loyaltyisausualqualitygiventoidealfriends.AccordingtoPsychologyToday,“Loyaltyisvaluedearlyoninallofourrelationships,fromthetimewemakeourfirstfriendships.Weneedfriendswhowon’tspilloursecretstoothers,gossipaboutus,orallowotherstocriticizeus”.Theworstactionbetweenfriendsisnotkeepingone’sword.

Idealfriendsarealsousuallyreferredasbeingtrustworthy.InastatementbyPsychologyToday,theysaythat,“Trustworthinessisoftenthe“makeorbreak”elementinanyinterpersonalrelationship.Anyunfaithfulaction,regardlessofrecognizeddegree,candestroyarelationship.Trustworthinessconsistsofseveralelements,includinghonesty,dependability,andloyalty,andwhileeachisimportanttosuccessfulrelationships,honestyanddependabilityhavebeenidentifiedasthemostvitalintheareaoffriendships”.Inlightofthis,auniversalcomplaintoffriendsisalackofhonesty,andthisisattheheartofbeingtrustworthy.

Inlinewithbeinghonestisalsotheabilitytoshowone’sweaknesses.AccordingtotheBookofLife,“Theidealfrienddoesn’ttrytoprovehowpowerfulandsuccessfultheyare;

onthecontrary,quiteoftentheyletusknowawkwardandpotentiallyembarrassingthingsaboutthemselves.Theyshowhowmuchtheytrustusbyconfessingfailingsandsorrowswhichwouldopenthemuptopossibledisgracefromtheworldbeyond.Theyofferusthegiftoftheirdefenselessness.”Thatopennessistreasured,astobeclosetoanindividual,onemustbewillingtosharehisorhertruefeelingsandstates.

答案

Beingloyal,trustworthy,andopentoshowweaknessaregenerallyconsideredassharedqualitiesofanidealfriend.Exactlyspeaking,anidealfriendshouldremainfaithfulfirst.Second,honestanddependable.Finally,she/heisopentoshareunpleasantandtrickythingswithfriends.（43words）

2021崇明二模

RoboticExoskeletons

Thankstoroboticexoskeletons,victimsofspinalcord（脊椎）injuryhaveanewreasontohope.Roboticexoskeletons,consistingofmetallegs,motors,batteries,wiring,acontrollerandasetofstrips,worktogetherliketheuser’sbonesmusclesandnerves—outsidethebody.Fastenedintoanexoskeletonandsupportedbysticks,userscandirectthemachinerytotakethemwheretheywanttogo.

Inadditiontopartlyrestoringmobility,roboticexoskeletonsofferthesignificantmentalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofstandingupandmoving.Justbeingabletogetupfromawheelchairgivespatientsamorenatural,positiveviewoftheworld.Italsohelpsrelievepressureonpatients’skinandreducesthedangerofpressuresores.Standinguprightstrengthensadisabledperson’smusclesandbones,improveshearthealth,andreducescertainotherhealthcomplications（并发症）.Anditmayactuallyresultinpartialnerverepair,somethingthatcanonlyhappenwhenapatientisabletomove.

Aspromisingasthistechnologyis,however,itisnosimplecure-allforparalysis（瘫痪）oritscomplications.Themotionisnotaccuratecomparedwithnaturalwalking,andexoskeletonsarenoteasytouse,especiallyonsurfacesthatarenotsmooth.Theyareveryexpensive,costingaboutUS$100,000.Healthinsuranceplansandgovernmentprogramsmaynotcoverthecostofbuyingone.

Nevertheless,roboticexoskeletons,andaccesstothem,willcontinuetoimprove.Aswithmuchmodemtechnology,roboticexoskeletonswilllikelybecomemorecapableandeasytouse,evenastheircostgoesdown.Governmentsandinsurersmayincreasinglyseethatthehealthbenefitsofthesewalkingmachinesoutweighthecosts,makingiteasiertofundthem.Perhapsthedaywillcomewhennearlyeveryoneparalyzedbyspinalcordinjurywillbeableto“walk”again.

Roboticexoskeletons,akindofmachineryworkingoutsidethebody,giveparalyzedpatientsnewhopetostandorwalkagain.Theybenefitpatientsalotbothphysicallyandmentally.Butcurrently,they’rehardtouseforlackofaccuratemotionanddifficulttoaccessforhighcosts.Butthesituationisimprovingwithmoderntechnology.（57words）

2021奉贤二模

WhatYouWillNeedtoLiveto100

Anewapproachtoretirementpreparationknownas“longevityplanning”hasbeenontheriseforyears,withtheglobalpopulationofcentenarians（百岁老人）steadilygrowing.Inabout40years,thenumberofpeople100andolderwillbesixtimesashighasitisnow.What,asyoumaywonder,enhanceslongevity?

Whileapreviousstudyunderlinedthelinkbetweenlongevityandhighereducation,havingadegreedoesn’tnecessarilyguaranteeyoualongerlife.Actually,thegrowthinthe100-plusagegrouparemorelikelytoresultfromacombinationofimprovedlifestylefactors.

Genetic,asnewresearchhasrevealed,isaforcethatcannotgoignored.Dr.PerisofmedicineandgeriatricsatBostonUniversitypointsoutthatlongevityisnotdistributedequally.Beingblessedwiththecertaingeneticcomponentthatextendyourlifespanislikewinningthelottery.Onlyonein5000isluckyenoughtopossessthemagicalpowerthathelpmakeittothecenturymark.Rareasitmayappear,thegeneticcomponentisafactorin40percentto50percentofpeoplewhomakeitto100and70percentforthosereaching106.

Deliberatemental,socialandphysicalactivitiesduringretirementalsomatter.Thatmeanscontinuingtolearnnewthings,stayinginvolvedinthecommunityandworkingtosomedegree.Activityiscriticallyimportant,saidMitchAnthony,aconsultantinRochester,whotrainsfinancialplannersinlifeplanning.Peopletendtodobestwhentheyremainsociallyandmentallyvibrant.

Theresearchcontinuestouncoverthatdespitetheirstruggletoidentifyhowtheyimprovelongevity,mostoftheresearchersagreethatpurposeandmeaningthroughoutlifeprovidepeoplewithbetterchancestolivelonger.Thesefactorsmayofferamentalandpossiblyphysicalshelterfromstressfuleventshilife.Havingpurposeinlifemaymotivatereframingstressfulsituationstodealwiththemmoreproductively,therebyfacilitatingrecoveryfromstressanddisorder.

答案1

Besidesgenetic,asignificantyetuncontrollablecontributor,lifestylefactorsalsoimprovelongevity.First,retirees’activeparticipationinactivitiesprolongstheirlivesastheybenefitsociallyandmentally.Meanwhile,peoplewholiveameaningfulandpurposefullifealsolivelongerbecausetheyusuallyrecovermorequicklyfromstressanddisorder.（49words）

答案2

Thereareafewfactorsthatmayimproveone’slongevity.First,geneticisasignificantyetuncontrollablecontributor.Thenretirees’activeparticipationinactivitiesalsoprolongstheirlivesastheybenefitsociallyandmentally.Meanwhile,peoplewholiveameaningfulandpurposefullifealsolivelongerbecausetheyusuallyrecovermorequicklyfromstressanddisorder.（56words）

2021嘉定二模

Whateverhappenedtothefightofcarboncapture?

Debateshavebeengoingonaroundthesubjectofcarboncapture.Scientists,especiallyengineersandgeologists,havestronglycriticizedgreengroupswhoclaimedthatcarboncaptureandstorage（CCS）schemesarecostlymistakes.

Thescientistsinsistedthatsuchschemesarevitalweaponsinthebattleagainstglobalheating.Theyalsowarnthatfailuretosetupwaystotrapandstorecarbonwouldmakeitimpossibletomeettheemissionstargetby2050.“CCSisgoingtobetheonlyeffectivewayintheshorttermtopreventoursteelindustry,cementmanufactureandmanyotherprocessesfromcontinuingtopouremissionsintotheatmosphere,”saidProfessorStuartHaszeldine,ofEdinburghUniversity.“Ifwearetohaveanyhopeofkeepingglobaltemperatureincreasesdownbelow2degreesCelsius,wedesperatelyneedtodevelopwaystocaptureandstorecarbondioxide.”

GreengroupsclaimedCCSwouldnotmake“ameaningfulcontributionto2050climatetargets”.TheysayCCSwasnotareliablewaytodecarbonizetheenergysystemandthatCCShasa“historyofover-promisingandunder-delivering”.Instead,theyurgedtheconstructionofmorerenewableenergyplantstobegivenpriority.

Buttheclaimsweredismissedbyengineersandgeologists.“Theseclaimsarequiteunfair,”saidMichaelStephenson,directorattheBritishGeologicalSurvey.“Thetechnologybehindcarboncaptureandstorageisfullymature.Itoffersusagenuinesolutiontosomeoftheproblemswefaceintryingtodealwithglobalwanning.”

AgovernmentspokesmanfortheDepartmentofEnergyandClimateChangesaid,“Wearecommittedtomeetingourclimatechangetargetsinawaythatisaffordableandprovidessecureenergytofamiliesandbusinesses.WeareconsideringtherolethatCCScouldplayindecarbonizationoftheUK.Butwealsoneedtotakegovernmentspendingintoaccount.CCShadbettercomedownincost.”

Therearedebatesaroundcarboncaptureandstorage（CCS）schemes.ScientistsbelieveCCSplansarenecessaryinfightingglobalwarmingandmeetingtheemissionstarget.However,greengroupsclaimCCShasnotachieveddesiredeffectsandadvocatedrenewableenergy,whichscientistscriticizedbecausetheythinkCCStechnologyismature.ThegovernmenthopesCCScanbelessexpensive.（57words）