英语学习之经典翻译：孝经.doc

英语学习之经典翻译：孝经.doc

《英语学习之经典翻译：孝经.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语学习之经典翻译：孝经.doc（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

THECLASSICOFFILIALPIETY

  XiaoJing[HsiaoChing]

ITheScopeandMeaningoftheTreatise

（Once）,whenZhongNi1wasunoccupied,andhisdiscipleZeng2wassittingbyinattendanceonhim,theMastersaid,"Theancientkingshadaperfectvirtueandall-embracingruleofconduct,throughwhichtheywereinaccordwithallunderheaven.Bythepracticeofitthepeoplewerebroughttoliveinpeaceandharmony,andtherewasnoill-willbetweensuperiorsandinferiors.Doyouknowwhatitwas?

"

Zengrosefromhismatandsaid,"HowshouldI,Shen,whoamsodevoidofintelligence,beabletoknowthis?

"

TheMastersaid,"（Itwasfilialpiety.）Nowfilialpietyistherootof（all）virtue,3and（thestem）outofwhichgrows（allmoral）teaching.Sitdownagain,andIwillexplainthesubjecttoyou.Ourbodies—toeveryhairandbitofskin—arereceivedbyusfromourparents,andwemustnotpresumetoinjureorwoundthem.Thisisthebeginningoffilialpiety.Whenwehaveestablishedourcharacterbythepracticeofthe（filial）course,soastomakeournamefamousinfutureagesandtherebyglorifyourparents,thisistheendoffilialpiety.Itcommenceswiththeserviceofparents;itproceedstotheserviceoftheruler;itiscompletedbytheestablishmentofcharacter.

"ItissaidintheMajorOdesoftheKingdom:

Everthinkofyourancestor,

Cultivatingyourvirtue."4

Notes

1Thisisthezior"style"ofConfucius.

2ZengZispeaksinfourteensayingsintheAnalects,e.g.,1.4.Henameshimselfabitlaterbyhismingor"givenname,"Shen.Hisnameistraditionallyassociatedwiththevirtueoffilialpiety;see,forexample,Analects1.9&19.17&18.

3"Allvirtue"meansthefivevirtuousprinciples,theconstituentsofhumanity:

benevolence,righteousness,propriety,knowledge,andfidelity.

4ShiIII,i,ode1,stanza6,p.431.Mao235.

IIFilialPietyintheSonofHeaven

TheMastersaid,"Hewholoveshisparentswillnotdare（toincurtheriskof）beinghatedbyanyman,andhewhorevereshisparentswillnotdare（toincurtheriskof）beingcontemnedbyanyman.1Whentheloveandreverence（oftheSonofHeaven）arethuscarriedtotheutmostintheserviceofhisparents,thelessonsofhisvirtueaffectallthepeople,andhebecomesapatternto（allwithin）thefourseas.ThisisthefilialpietyoftheSonofHeaven.

"Itissaidin（theMarquisof）FuonPunishments:

TheOnemanwillhavefelicity,

andthemillionsofthepeoplewilldependon（whatensureshishappiness）."2

Notes

1Manytranslatorshavemissedthepassiveforceofthisconstruction.

2ShuJing,volIIIofTheChineseClassics,p.600.

IIIFilialPietyinthePrincesofStates

"Aboveothers,andyetfreefrompride,theydwellonhigh,withoutperil.Adheringtoeconomyandcarefullyobservantoftherulesandlaws,theyarefull,withoutoverflowing.Todwellonhighwithoutperilisthewaylongtopreservenobility;tobefullwithoutoverflowingisthewaylongtopreserveriches.Whentheirrichesandnobilitydonotleavetheirpersons,thentheyareabletopreservethealtarsoftheirlandandgrain,andtosecuretheharmonyoftheirpeopleandmeninoffice.1Thisisthefilialpietyoftheprincesofstates.

"ItissaidintheBookofPoetry:

Beapprehensive,becautious,

Asifonthebrinkofadeepabyss,

Asiftreadingonthinice."2

Notes

1Thekinghadagreataltartothespirit（orspirits）presidingovertheland.Thecoloroftheearthinthecenterofitwasyellow;thatoneachofitsfoursidesdifferedaccordingtothecolorsassignedtothefourquartersofthesky.Aportionofthisearthwascutawayandformedthenucleusofacorrespondingaltarineachfeudalstate,accordingtotheirpositionrelativetothecapital.Theprinceofthestatehadtheprerogativeofsacrificingthere.Asimilarruleprevailedforthealtarstothespiritspresidingoverthegrain.Solongasafamilyruledinastate,solongitschiefofferedthosesacrifices;andtheextinctionofthesacrificeswasanemphaticwayofdescribingtheruinandextinctionoftherulinghouse.

2Shi,II,v,ode1,stanza6,p.333.Mao195.ThispassageiscitedbyZengZiinAnalects8.3.

IVFilialPietyinHighMinistersandGreatOfficers

"Theydonotpresumetowearrobesotherthanthoseappointedbythelawsoftheancientkings,nortospeakwordsotherthanthosesanctionedbytheirspeech,nortoexhibitconductotherthanthatexemplifiedbytheirvirtuousways.Thusnoneoftheirwordsbeingcontrarytothosesanctions,andnoneoftheiractionscontrarytothe（right）way,fromtheirmouthstherecomesnoexceptionablespeech,andintheirconducttherearefoundnoexceptionableactions.Theirwordsmayfillallunderheaven,andnoerrorofspeechwillbefoundinthem.Theiractionsmayfillallunderheaven,andnodissatisfactionordislik