学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练Word格式.docx
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学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练Word格式.docx
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Micecontinuetoplayaveryimportantpartinspaceexperiments,mainlybecausetheanimalsmakeexcellenttestsubjects.They'
resmall,whichmakestheminexpensiveandeasytocarefor.Inaddition,theirsizeandshortlifespanmakeitpossibletodotheequivalentofseveralhumanyearsoftestsinamuchshortertime.Finally,becausemicearemammals,theysharemanycommoncharacteristicswithhumansintermsofgenetics,biologyandbehavior.
Astromicehavehittheheadlinesrecently,asateamofscientistsledbyBettyNusgens,professorofbiologyattheUniversityofLiegeinBelgium,foundthatthemicesuffereda15percentthinningoftheirskinafter91daysaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).
ThisexperimentwaspartofawiderNASAmission(任务)calledtheMiceDrawerSystem(MDS).TheItalianSpaceAgencydevelopedthefacility,whichallowssixmicetobehoused,monitored,andautomaticallyfedandwateredaboardtheISS,amongwhichthreesurvivedduringthemission.
Themicehaveparticipatedin20separateexperiments,tostudysucheffectsasosteoporosis(骨质疏松症),anemia(贫血)andhearthealth.
Resultsforthe20experimentsarecomingingradually.Butit'
sclearthatmicecontinuetoplayanimportantroleintheongoingquesttoconquerthefinalfrontier.
(1)WecaninferfromParagraphs2-3that______.
A.
MarsisthefarthestplanetawayfromEarthdiscoveredsofar
B.
animalsthathavebeensentintospacehavemostlysurvived
C.
itwasinthelate1940sthatanimalswerefirstsenttotheISS
D.
thejourneytoMarscouldputhumans'
healthatrisk
(2)Theunderlinedword“withstand”inPara.3means_________.
setup
comeacross
workout
holdup
(3)AccordingtoBettyNusgensandherteam,themiceaboardtheISS______.
allsurvivedfortheduration(期间)ofthemission
sufferedthelossofpartoftheirskin
werefedandwateredbytheastronauts
participatedin20experimentsthatmadegreatbreakthroughs
(4)Themainpurposeofthearticleisto_____.
analyzehowmicecouldpavethewaytoMars
reportontheresultsoftheMiceDrawerSystem
describetherolemiceplayinscientificresearch
changepeople'
straditionalattitudestowardmice
B
Dictionariesarenotclosedbooks.Thereisstillplentyofroomformorewordsinthesegreatvocabularyauthorities.
Dictionariesarenotclosedbooks.Thereisstillplentyofroomformorewordsinthesegreatvocabularyauthorities.Newwordsarecontinuallybeingcreatedandaddedtoourlanguage.Andmanyoftoday'
swordexpertscancreditafamousmathematicianwiththecreationofthemethodbywhichtheydevelopmanynewwords.ThemathematicianwasanEnglishmannamedCharlesL.Dodgson.Inadditiontoworkingwithfigures,Dodgsonwrotebooks.HisimaginativestoriesandpoemshavemadeDodgsonbelovedtogenerationsofreaders.Weknowhim,however,notbythenameofDodgsonbutbyhispenname,LewisCarroll.
LewisCarrollhasdelightedcountlessreaders,youngandold,withAliceinWonderland,ThroughtheLookingGlass,andnumerouspoems.Intheseworks,Carrolldevelopeddozensofnonsensicalwordssuchas"
chortle"
and"
galumph"
.ManyofthesewordsarecombinednaturallywithmorecommonwordsintheEnglishlanguage.Carrollreferredtohismade-upwordsas"
portmanteau"
words,namedafterakindofleathersuitcasethatopensintotwocompartments.Thenamewaswellsuited,becausemostofCarroll'
swordshadtwocompartments.Ratherthanbeingentirelyfabricated(虚构),theywereusuallymadefromthecombinedpartsoftwodifferentwords.A"
snark"
forexample,clearlycamefromasnakeandashark.
AlthoughCarrolldiedlongago,histechniquecontinuestobeusedtoday.Weclearlyseehisinfluenceinsuchwordsassmog,brunch,andguesstimate.
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceprobablymeanaccordingtothepassage?
Dictionariesareopentothepublic.
Dictionariesarehelpfultothepublic.
Dictionariesarereadytowelcomenewwords.
Thevocabulariesindictionariesarelimited.
(2)Dodgson'
smade-upwords________.
arebasedondifferentwords
areborrowedfromotherlanguages
allcomefromhispoems
arestillwidelyused
(3)Thispassageismainlyabout________.
howDodgsonwrotehisworks
howEnglishwordsarecreated
howadictionaryiswritten
howDodgsoncreatednewwords
C
Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?
Animalscan'
ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?
Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?
Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?
Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.
Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator(猎食动物)getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?
Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe"
hurt"
adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.
Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.
Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?
Theydon'
tmakenests(鸟巢).Instead,theygetintootherbirds'
nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.
Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'
shandandstartfightingagain.
Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'
thearthem,
andtheydon'
tneedtosharetheirfood.
Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"
Youcan'
tfoolMotherNature."
Butmaybeyoucan'
ttrusther,either.
(1)Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby______.
gettingclosertoitsyoung
drivingawaytheadultpredator
leavingitsyounginanothernest
pretendingtobeinjured
(2)By"
Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky"
(paragraph5),theauthormeans______.
chimpsarereadytoattackothers
chimpsaresometimesdishonest
chimpsarejealousofthewinners
chimpscanbeselfishtoo
(3)Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.
Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'
shand.
Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.
Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.
(4)Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
Doanimalslie?
DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?
Howdoanimalslearntolie?
Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?
D
Isuspectthatthemostbasicandpowerfulwaytoconnecttoanotherpersonistolisten.Perhapsthemostimportantthingweevergiveeachotherisourattention,andespeciallyifit'
sgivenfromtheheart.Whenpeoplearetalking,there'
snoneedtodoanythingbutlistentothem.JusttakethemJustlistentowhatthey'
resayingandcareaboutit.Mosttimescaringaboutitisevenmoreimportantthanunderstandingit.Mostofusdon'
tvalueourselvesorourloveenoughtoknowthis.Ithastakenmealongtimetobelieveinthepowerofthesimplysaying“I'
msosorry”whensomeoneisinpain,andmeaningit.
Oneofmypatientstoldmethatwhenshetriedtotellherstory,peopleofteninterruptedtotellherthattheyhadoncehadsomethingjustlikethathappentothem.Eventuallyshestoppedtalkingtomostpeople.Shewasjusttoolonely.Weconnectthroughlistening.Whenweinterruptwhatsomeoneissayingtoletthemknowthatweunderstand,wemovethefocusofattentiontoourselves.Whenwelisten,theyknowthatwecare.Manypeoplewithcancercantalkaboutthereliefofhaving
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- 关 键 词:
- 学年度 英语 一轮 复习 阅读 理解 主旨 大意
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