燃料电池Word下载.docx
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燃料电池Word下载.docx
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基于基因合成及优化燃料电池,同时调查其他的基因手段。
UsingSysntheticBiology,wedesignedseveralBioBricksforbioelectricitygeneration.
通过合成生物学手段,我们设计了几种关于生物电流的生物砖
Toprovideanefficientextracellularelectrontransfer(EET),weintroduceandimprovedelectron-shuttles,socalledendogenousmediatorsinE.coli.
为了提供一个高效的细胞外电子转移通路,我们在大肠杆菌的内部介质中重新构造推行一种新的电子穿梭方式。
Furthermore,permeabilizationofthecellsurfacebyintegratinglargemembraneporinsledtoanadditionalincreaseoftheEETandallowedustouselargemediatorslikeriboflavin.
此外,通过结合大面积的孔蛋白膜结构增强细胞膜表面通透性导致了细胞外电子转移通路的额外增长,使得使用诸如核黄素的大型介质成为了可能。
OuraimtoextendourMFC-systembeyondthecloseddoorsofalaboratoryrequiredandprovedthefunctionalandreliablebiosafetyconcept.
我们的目标就是使我们的微生物燃料电池超越实验室标准并且证明它符合我们关于生物安全的观点。
Wedevelopedandprovedthefunctionalityofthreedifferentdouble-killswitchbiosafetysystemstoguaranteeanabsolutelysafeuseoftheMFCforsmall-scaleapplications.
我们开发了三种不同的双保险生物安全系统并且验证了其功能来保证微生物燃料电池在小规模应用上的绝对安全。
HowaMFCworks
工作原理
Amicrobialfuelcellconsistsoftwochambers,separatedbyacationexchangemembrane.
微生物燃料电池由用阳离子交换膜隔开的两极构成。
IntheanodechamberofthecellEscherichiacoilisworkingasabiocatalyst,
在阳极室的埃希氏螺线菌是作为生物媒介作用工作的
oxidizingsubstrateslikeglycerolunderanaerobicconditions.
氧化底物诸如丙三醇是要在无氧环境下工作的。
Theelectronsfreedupinthisprocessaretransportedoutofthecellsandtotheanodebyredox-activemolecules,calledmediators.
在整个反应中被释放的电子被转运出了细胞外,到了阳极氧化还原的活跃处——介体
Fromtheanode,electronstravelthroughanexternalloadcircuittoelectronacceptingmoleculeslocatedinthecathodechamber.
在阳极,电子穿越整个外部电流回路被位于阴极的分子接收。
Acurrentflowisgenerated.
电流的流动就此产生。
MFCevolution:
微生物燃料电池的衍化
CharacterizationofourBioBricksanddevicesrequiredthedesignandconstructionofasuitablemicrobialfuelcell.
我们的生物砖和部件是设计一个合适的细菌燃料电池。
Startingwithaverysimpleconstructionmadeoffilmcanisters,thesystemunderwentsignificantchangestobuildaconsistentandversatilemeasuringsystem.
从一个非常简单的生物过滤膜做起,整个系统通过一系列的改进成为了一个持续的,进行了多种测量的系统。
BasedonaMFC-systemproposedbyBennetto,themainoptimizationscompriseamoredefinedelectrodeplacement,nitrogenaerationforanaerobiccultivationandanincreaseinmeasurementprecision.
基于Bennetto提出的微生物燃料电池系统,主要的优化包括对电极的放置作更多界定,为保持厌氧环境设计的氮气通路,以及大量的精确计算。
WiththefinaldesignitwaspossibletoverifytheeffectsourBioBrickshaveonpoweroutputandtooperateasmallmotor.
最后的设计被核实其有足够的功率去带动一个小型马达进行工作。
DIY
WecreatedaMFC-modelprintableina3D-printer,forwhichallnecessaryfilescanbedownloadedfromourwikipage.Theresulting,fullyfunctionalcellconsisitsofmaterialwhichcanbeobtainedforlessthan5Euro.Wedesignedour3DprintableMFCfromPLA(polylacticacid).Itiscreatedfromprocessinganynumberofplantproductsincludingcorn,potatoesorsugar-beets.
Modeling
ThereisavarietyofparametersandinteractionsthatinfluenceefficiencyoftheMFC.Thereisaneedtoreducetheanalysisandfocusonthemostimportantprocessesinvolvedintheelectricitygeneration.Inourtheoreticalanalysisthefocuswassettothreebottleneckreactionsinvolvedintheelectronflowfromthemetabolismofthebacterialcellstothecathode.
1.GenerationofintermediatesNADH/H+inthemethabolicpathwayofE.coli
2.ReductionofoxidizedmediatorsviatheintermediateNADH
3.Transferoftheelectronsfromreducedmediatortotheelectrode
Mediators
Escherichiacoli,theorganismofourchoiceforuseintheMFC,isnotnaturallyabletotransferitselectronstotheanode,sotheusageofamediatoriscrucialinourcase.Mediatorsareusuallysmallwater-solublemolecules,thatareabletoundergoredoxtransformations.Themediatoractsasashuttle,enhancingthekineticsoftheelectrontransfer.Mediatorscanbeaddedexternallyorbeproducedbyacellitself.
Riboflavin
Riboflavin,orvitaminb2isaredox-activesubstancethatplaysanessentialroleinlivingcells.Secretedintothemedium,itcanbeeffectivelyusedbysomebacteriaforelectrontransfer.
Wehaveshownthatheterologousexpressionoftheriboflavinclusterfromthemetal-reducingbacteriumShewanellaoneidensisMR-1inE.coliissufficientriboflavinoverproductiondetectablebothinsupernatantandincells.
Glyceroldehydrogenase
GldAproducestheendogenousmediatorNADHfromNADandglycerol,whichisthemaincarbonsourceinourmedium.WewereabletoproducehighamountsofNADHwiththeoptimizedE.coli,whichresultedinamoreefficientelectrontransfer.WecouldshowthattheincreasedintracellularandextracellularNADHconcentrationleadstoa
20%enhancedcurrentproductioninourMicrobialFuelCell.UsingglycerolasthemaincarbonsourcefurtherenhancestheefficiencyofNADH.
Redoxreactioncatalyzedbytheglyceroldehydrogenase:
NAD+isreducedtoNADHbyadditionoftwoelectrons(e-)andoneproton(H+).NADHactsasanelectronschuttle,thatdeliverselectronstotheanodeintheMFC.
Porins
Weakmembranepermeabilityisalimitingfactorforthegenerationofhighcurrentsfrombacteria.Weheterologouslyexpressedthepore-formingproteinOprFfromPseudomonasfluorescensinEscherichiacoli,thatallowstransportof
biggermoleculesthroughthecellmembrane.
操作步骤:
Figure1:
Schematicillustrationofthegeneralmicrobialfuelcellfunctionalprinciple.
Figure2:
SchematicillustrationofthedevelopmentprocessregardingthedifferentMFC-systems.
Figure3:
Right:
open-Scad3D-modelofallrequiredparts.
Dimensions:
78*80*21mm,volume25cm^3
Left:
Finalprintofourself-designedMFC-model.
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