全国专业技术人员职称英语考试辅导材料十一Word格式.docx
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全国专业技术人员职称英语考试辅导材料十一Word格式.docx
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microbespills"
thatcouldspreaddiseaseanddestroyentirepopulations,Thecreationandaccidentalreleaseofextremelypoisonousmicrobes,however,ifonlyonecauseforalarm.Completelyrationalandrespectablescientistsaretalkingaboutpossibilitiesthatstaggertheimagination.<
Shouldwebreedpeoplewithcow-likestomachssotheycandigestgrassandhay,therebyrelievingthefoodproblembymodifyingustoeatlowerdownonthefodchain?
shouldwebiologicallyalterworkerstofitthejobrequierement,forexample,creatingpilotswithfasterreactiontimesorassemblylineworkersdesignedtodoourmonotonousworkforus?
Shouldweattempttoeliminate"
inferior"
peopleandbreeda"
super-race"
?
(Hitlertriedthis,butwithoutthegeneticweaponrythatmaysoomissueformourfighiting?
Shouldweusegeneticforecastingtopreeliminate"
unfit"
babies?
Shouldwegrowreserveorgansforourselves,eachofushaving,asitwere,a"
savingsbank"
fullofsparekidney,livers,orhands?
<
Wildasthsesnotionsmaysound,everyonehasitdadvocates(andopposers)inthescientificcommunityaswellasitsstrikingcommercialapplication.Astwocriticsofgeneticengineering,JeremyRifkinandTedHoward,stateintheirbookWhoShouldPlayGod?
"
BroadscalegeneticengineeringwillprobablybeintroducedtoAmericamuchthesamewaysaassemblylines,automobiles,vaccines,computersandalltheothertechnologies.Aseachnewgeneticadvanceb***mescommerciallypractical,anewconsumerneedwillbeexploitdeandamarketforthenewtechnologywillbecreated."
11.Accordingtothepassage,thenewbiologycouldpotentiallysolvethepollutionproblemofautomobilesby<
Ausingmetal-bungrymicrobes.<
Bmakinguseofenzymes.<
Cadjustingtheengines.<
Dpatentingnewlifeforms.<
12.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyworrythecriticsofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyworrythecriticsofthenewbiology?
AThemicrobesintheoceanwarter.<
BThecreationandapplicationofbiologicalsolarcells<
CTheaccidentaloilspills.<
DTheunexpectedreleaseofdestructivemicrbes.<
13.WhichofthefollowingpossibilitiesofthebiotechnologicalapplicationsisNOTmentionedinthethirdparagraph?
ADevelopingasavingsbankofone"
sorangs.<
BBreedingsoldiersforawar.<
CProducingpeoplewithcow-likestomachs.<
DUsinggeneticforecastingtocurtdiseases.<
14.Accordingtothepassage,Hitlerhadattemptedto<
Abiologicallychangethepilotstowinthewar.<
Bdevelopgeneticfarmingforincreasingthefoodsupply.<
Ckillthepeoplehethoughtofasbeinginferior.<
Dencouragethedevelopmentofgeneticweaponsforthewar.<
15.WhatistheimplicationofthesratementofJeremyRifkinandTedHoward?
AThecommercialapplicationsofgeneticengineeringareinevitable.<
BLarge-scalegeneticengineeringhasoccurredintheUntiedStates.<
CAmericansareproudoftheircomputers,automobilesandgenetictechnologies.<
DThepotentialapplicationofeachnewgeneticadvanceshouldbecontrolled.<
第四篇<
PerfectCompetition<
Perfectcompetitionexistsinanindustrythatcontainsmanyrelativelysamllfirmsproducingidenticalproducts.Themostimporthantcharacteristic(特征)ofaperfectlycompetitiveindustryifthatnosinglefirmhasanycontroloverprices.Thisimportantcharacteristicfollowsfromtwoassumptions(假设).First,acompetitiveindustryiscomposedofmanyfirms,eachbeingverysamllrelativetothesizeoftheindustry.S***nd,everyfirminaperfectlycompetitiveindustryproducseexactlythesameproduct.<
Firmsinperfectlycompetitiveindustriesdonotdifferentiate(区分)theirproducts,nordotheymakedecisionsaboutprice.Rather,eachfirmtakespricesasgiven-thatis,asdeterminedinthemarketbythelawsofsupplyanddemand-anddecidesolnyhowmuchtoproduceandhowtoproduceit.Giventheavailability(可得性)ofperfectsubstitutes,anyproductpricedoverthemarketpricewillnotbesold.<
Inperfectcompetitionwealsoassumethatfirmscanfreelyenterandexittheindustry.Theassumptionoffreeentryimpliesthatiffirmsinanindustryareearningexcessivelyhighprofits,newfirmsthatseektodothesamethingarelikelytospringup.Fastfoodrestaurantsarequicktospringupwhenanewshoppingcenteropens.Whereprofitopportunitiespresentthemselves,weassumethatfirmssillenterandcompeteforthem.<
Freeexitispossiblewhenfirmscansimplystopproducingtheirproductsandleaveamarket.Generallyspeaking,afirmclosesdowmbecauseitissufferinglossesorbecauseprofitsareinsufficient.NewEnglandtextileandfurnitureproductsfoundthemselvesfacingincreasingforeigncompetition,aswellaslowerproductioncostsintheSouth.Whilesomefirmspackedupandmoved,otherssimplygotoutofthebusinessaltogether.<
16.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureofperfectcompetitionaccordingtothepassage?
AThefirmsinvolvedaresmallcomparedtothesizeoftheindustry.<
BThefirmsinvolvedproducegoodsofthesamekind.<
CThesizeoftheindustryisususllyverysamll.<
DThepriceoftheproductsisdeterimnedbythemarket.<
17.Inaperfectlycompetitiveindustry,thepriceisdecidedby<
Asomeleadingfirmsinthisbusiness.<
Btherulesofsupplyanddemand.<
Canassociationofthebusiness.<
Dthecentralgovernment.<
18.Ifafirmsellsitsproductsatapricehigherthanthatofthemarket,consumerswill<
Abuygoodsofthesamekindproducedbyothercompanies.<
Bstopbuyingthistypeofproductsaltogether.<
Cuseanlthertypeofgoodsassubstitutes.<
Dcontinuetobuyitsproductsbecausroftheirgoodquality.<
19.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthormentions"
fastfoodrestaurants"
toshow<
Atherapidemergenceofnewindustriesindowntownareas.<
Btheprosperityofserviceindusriesinbackwardcountries.<
Cpeople"
senthusiasmforshopping.<
Dbusinessmen"
sinterestinhigh-profitindustries.<
20.Whatisthemostimportantreasonforacompanytoquitabusiness?
ASomeotherfirmsaremakingmoremoney.<
BThereistoomuchcompetitioninthisindustry.<
CItisnotmakingadequateprofit.<
DForeignproductshavegotcontrolofthemarket.<
第五篇<
AtWarwithaGiant<
ThenultinationalcorporationMcDonald"
s,whichhasaglobalempireofabout14,000restaurantsin70conutriesandmakesover6billionpoundsayear,isintheprocessofsuingtwopennilessandunemployedBritishenvironmentalactivists(活动分子).ItisaccusingDavidMorris,aformerpostman,andHelenSteel,aformergardener,ofdistributingaleafletinthe80sthatishighlycriticalofthecompany"
senvironmentalr***r,thetreatmentofitsworkersandthenutritionalqualityofitsfood.McDonald"
sdeniesalltheallegations(断言).<
WhenMcDonald"
slauncheditsfirstattackonthecouplein1990,itprobablyexpectedthemtobackdown.Buttheydidnot.ForMorrisandSteelthetrialisanopportunitytobroadcasttheirallegationsagainstMcDonald"
stotheworld.Andtheyhavenothingtolose.Theyhavenomoneyorproperty,sothatevenifMcDonald"
sdoeswin,thehamburgershainwillnotbeabletor***veranyofthecostsofthecasefromtherwoactivists.ThetrialwasoriginallyscheduledtolastthreewddksbutitcelebrateditsfirstyearinJune1995andisexpectedtogoonuntilatleastJanuary1996.<
HelenSteelexplainedwhytheytookonthisbattleagainstthecorporationgiant:
"
Wefeltthatreallywehadnooptionbuttofightthiscase.It"
simportanttodefendfreedomofspeechandtheprblic"
srighttocriticizethebusinesspracticesofhugemultinationalcompanies."
ThecoupleishelpedbyDanMills,aformerlawyer,whosays:
wearegettingsupportfromallroundthecountryandallroundtheworld.Peoplearesendinginlettersandmessageofsupport.Andalsowearegettingdonationsformpeopleallovertheworld."
Thereisstillnoendinsightforthetrial.IfSteelandMorriswin,thereputationofMcDonald"
smayneverbethesameagain.<
21.ThemultinationalcorporatiomMcDonald"
ssuedtheBritishcouplebecause.<
AMcDonald"
sconsideredthatnoneoftheallegationstheymadewasreal.<
BTheyhadabadenvironmentalr***rdalthoughtheywereenvirommentalactivists.<
CTheyalwaysviolatedthedisciplinesofMcDonald"
s.<
DMcDonald"
sconsideredthattheirdistributionofaleafletwasillegal.<
22.Themainreasonthatthecouplelookedforwardtothetrialtobeheldwasthatthey<
Aexpectedtoearnsomemoneyfromthetrial.<
BwantedtoexposesomeillegalactionsofMcDonald"
Cwantedtobeknowmintheworld.<
Dwerenotafraidoflosingthecase.<
23.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsconceringthedurationofthetrial
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