届高考英语语法知识突破二词性转换.docx
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届高考英语语法知识突破二词性转换.docx
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届高考英语语法知识突破二词性转换
2021届高考英语语法知识突破
(二)词性转换
一、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People'stemperaments(性情)aredifferentfrompersontoperson.Itisbelievedthatpeople'stemperaments①_________(determine)mainlybygenes.However,scientistshavefoundthattheseasonofthebirthplaysarole ②_________well.
ScientistsfromBudapest,Hungary,studied400volunteers,allof ③_________wereuniversitystudents.Inthestudy,thestudentsneededtoanswersomequestions④_________(know)whatkindoftemperamenttheymosthad.Theiranswerswerethenconnectedwiththeirbirthdays.
Theydiscoveredthatpeopleborninsummereasilychangebetweensadandhappymoods⑤_________(compare)withpeopleborninwinter.Thosewhoalwaysfeelpositiveare⑥_________(most)borninspringandsummer.Thestudyalsofoundthatthoseborninwinterare⑦_________(little)likelytogetangrythanthoseborninsummer.
Scientistssaidthatthiswasprobably ⑧_________theseasonshadaninfluenceoncertainchemicalsinthehumanbody.Andthechemicalsareofgreat⑨_________(significant)tocontrolpeople'smoodseveninadultlife."Itseemsthatwhenyou'rebornmayincreaseordecreaseyourchanceof⑩_________(develop)certainmooddisorders,"XeniaGondasaid.
二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinahasarichhistoryandprofoundculture,includingclothing.①_______(it)traditionalhanfu,whichhaslongbeenneglectedbythepublic,ismakingacomebacknowadays.
AsoneofChina'slargesthanfuthemeevents,theHanfuCulturalFestival②_______(hold)annuallyinXitangancienttown,ZhejiangProvince.Accordingtostatisticsfromtheorganizer,157,326visitorsattendedthefestivallastyear,manyof ③_______werehanfu-wearing④_______(enthusiast),called"tongpao".⑤_______(origin)fromthecollectionofancientChinesepoemsTheBookofSongs,thephrasetongpaoisnowused ⑥_______(describe)whoeverappreciatesthetraditionalHanDynastyclothing.⑦_______(forbid)duringChina'slastfeudal(封建的)dynasty,theQingDynasty,hanfuhasbeenlittleknown⑧_______thepublicformanydecades.
Nowadays,boththegovernmentandthepublicareattachinggreatimportancetothepromotionandeducationoftraditionalChineseculture.Tongpao⑨_______(rise)innumberoverthepast16yearssinceaworkernamedWangLetianmadeahanfu-stylesuitandworeitinpublicin2003.
TheregularhanfuthemeeventinXitanghasbecome⑩_______majorplatformforhanfuculturepromotionaswellasacallingcardofXitang'stourism.
三、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
ChinalaunchedaBeidou-3navigationsatellitelateMondaytocomplete①________(it)projectdesignedtoprovidemilitary②________(independent)andgreatcommercialvalue.Apreviousattempt③________(cancel)aweekagoduetotechnicalissuesdiscoveredduringaseriesofpre-launch④________(check).Launchoccurredat9:
43pmEasternattheXichangSatelliteLaunchCenter,southwestChina.
TheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation(CASC)confirmedtheLongMarch3Blaunchvehiclehad⑤________(successful)placedtheBeidou-3satelliteintogeosynchronoustransferorbit(地球同步转移轨道)shortlyafter.Thesatellitewaslaterreportedcataloguedina218x35.784-kilometerorbit.
ThenewsatellitewillcompletetheBeidounavigationandpositioningsystem,⑥________(consist)of27satellitesinmediumEarthorbit,fiveingeostationaryorbitandthreemoreininclined(倾斜的)geosynchronousorbits.
ThefirstBeidousatellitewaslaunchedin2000fortestinganddomesticservices.Monday'swasthe30thBeidou-3satellite⑦________(send)intoorbit. ⑧________totalof55Beidousatelliteshavebeenlaunchedovertwodecades.
TheBeidou-3system, ⑨________ isdesignedtoprovidepositioning,navigationandtiming(PNT)servicesglobally,joinstheUSGPS,Russia'sGLONASSandtheEuropeanGalileosystems ⑩________ providingglobalPNTcoverage.
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
California’scoastalredwoods,Sequoiasempervirens,are①______tallesttreesonearth.Butmeasuringtheirprecisedimensions—whichiskey②______determininghowmuchcarbontheystore—isfilledwithuncertainty.Now,forthefirsttime,researchershavesurveyedS.sempervirens③______(use)laserscanning,atechniquethatcanmeasureatree’sstructureandvolumeaccurately.
MathiasDisney,anenvironmentalscientistatUniversityCollegeLondon,andhiscolleagues④______(assess)145redwoodsforastudypublishedinScientificReports.Theyscannedatthetreesfrommultiple⑤______(direct).Thisprocessletthemcollecta⑥______(detail)mapofeachtree,showingburrs,twigsandotherfeaturesassmallasafewcentimeters.“Thisisgivingusanewperspectiveonthethree-dimensionalstructureoftrees,”Disneysays.
Theresearchersfoundthatcoastalredwoodstendedtobeabout30percentlargerbyvolume⑦______publishedscalingrelationspredicted.TheauthorssuggestthisdifferencemightbebecausesomeS.sempervirenssproutadditionaltrunksastheyage,aprocess⑧______(call)repetition.Basedontheirobservations,Disneyandhiscolleagueshaveestablishednewscalingrelationsbetweentreediameter⑨______volumeforthespecies.
Laserscanningcanincreaseknowledgeofold-growthforests⑩______isimportantinconservationefforts,saysAnilRajKizha,aforestoperationsscientistattheUniversityofMaine,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.
五、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thedifferencebetweenapart-timebooksellerandaprofessionaloneisn'taclearlineinthesand.Atonetime,aprofessionalbooksellermighthavebeendefinedassomeone①________ primaryoccupationwassellingbooks.Changesinbothtechnologyandthemarket②________(influence)thatalittle,withtheInternetallowinganyonetolistbooksforsale.
Aprofessionalbooksellerisanindividualwhohasthoroughlystudiedhowtoidentifybooks③________(accurate)describetheircondition.Thatknowledgecanbegainedbyyearsofexperienceworkingforanotherbookselleroras ④________buyerandcollector.
Aprofessionalbookseller ⑤________(value)theircustomersevenmorethanthe ⑥________(sale)ofindividualbooks.Theprofessionalisinthebusinessforthelongterm.Individualbooksintheirlistcomeandgo, ⑦________therelationshipwiththeircustomersgetscloser.
Aprofessionalbooksellerpairstheirknowledgeofbookswithsalesmanship, ⑧________(help)communicatethevalueofabooktopotentialcustomers.Theidealdescriptionofabookcombinesanaccuratelistofimportantfeaturesalongwitha ⑨________(detail)descriptionoftheconditionoftheindividualcopy.There'splentyofroominanonlinebookdescriptionforaprofessionalbooksellertostressonthe ⑩________(important)ofaparticularwork.
六、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
YouknowthatGrandparentsDay, ①________placeontheSundayafterLaborDayeveryyear,isaholidayforcelebratingyourparents'parents.Youmightsendthemacard,orgivethemacall.Buthowdidtheholidaycometobe?
In1956,WestVirginianativeMarianMcQuadewastryingtoplanacelebrationfortheelderly②________(member)ofhercommunity.Shemadethesaddiscoverythatmanyofthesenior citizensin"thenursinghomedidn'toftenreceivevisitsfromtheirfamilies.Soshesetout ③________(choose)adaytohonorandappreciategrandparents.
GrandparentsDaybecame ④________officialholidayin1978.It'snot⑤________(actual)justforgrandparents,butit'salsotogivegrandparentsanopportunitytoshowlove ⑥________theirchildren'schildren.Manyfamilieshave⑦________(meaning)waysofcelebratingtheholiday.Evenifyourgrandparentslivefaraway,thatdoesn'tmeanyoucan'tcelebratewiththem.DanielleKirsch⑧________(celebrate)bytryinganewactivityeveryyearwithhergrandmotherElsie.Thisyear,theywillbepaintingtogether.MollyArnold'sgrandmotherisno⑨________(long)around,butshestillfoundabeautifulwaytohonortheholiday.Shecreatedacharityinmemoryofhergrandmother, ⑩________passedawayfromAlzheimer'sdisease.
答案以及解析
一、
答案:
aredetermined;as;whom;toknow;compared;mostly;less;because;significance;developing
解析:
本篇说明文介绍人的性情与出生的季节有关系。
①考查时态和语态。
此处介绍人们的观点,故应用一般现在时。
people'stemperaments与动词determine之间是被动关系,故填aredetermined。
②考查固定搭配。
aswell意为"也"。
③考查定语从句。
分析句子结构可知,该处是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词volunteers,空格处在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,指代volunteers,故填入whom。
④考查非谓语动词。
此处表示目的,故用不定式结构。
⑤考查非谓语动词。
空格处与句子主语people之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词compared。
⑥考查副词。
此处表示"主要地",修饰动词,故用副词形式mostly。
⑦考查比较级。
此处是在冬季和夏季出生的人的性情的比较,且有比较级的标志词than,因此空格处填入little的比较级less。
注意little的不规则变化形式:
little→less→least。
⑧考查名词性从句。
was后的表语从句表示原因,故用because引导。
⑨考查词性转换。
此处构成"beof+抽象名词"结构,故空格处填入名词。
⑩考查非谓语动词。
介词of后应用动词的-ing形式作宾语。
二、
答案:
Its;isheld;whom;enthusiasts;Originally;todescribe;Forbidden;to;hasrisen;a
解析:
本文带领读者了解浙江西塘的汉服文化节,讲述"同袍"的故事。
①考查代词。
修饰名词hanfu,应用形容词性物主代词。
②考查时态、语态和主谓一致。
该句介绍"汉服文化节"的一般情况,结合句中的annually可知,应用一般现在时;句子的主语theHanfuCulturalFestival与hold之间是动宾关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态;根据主谓一致原则,theHanfuCulturalFestival作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式,故空格处填入isheld。
③考查定语从句。
分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词visitors,并在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故用whom引导。
④考查名词的数。
enthusiast是可数名词,many修饰可数名词复数故用enthusiasts。
⑤考查词性转换。
此处表示"同袍"最初源于《诗经》;修饰介词短语fromthecollectionofancientChinesepoemsTheBookofSongs应用副词。
⑥考查非谓语动词。
此处表示目的,应用不定式。
⑦考查非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知,空格处是非谓语动词作状语。
句子的主语hanfu与forbid之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词Forbidden。
⑧考查固定搭配。
beknowntosb.表示"被某人所知",为固定搭配。
⑨考查时态和主谓一致。
根据句中的时间状语overthepast16years和since可知,此处应用现在完成时,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。
又因主语表示一个群体,为单数形式,故用hasrisen。
⑩考查冠词。
此处指"一个主要平台",表示泛指,故用不定冠词。
major的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。
三、
答案:
1.its2.independence3.wascancel(l)ed4.checks5.successfully6.consisting7.sent8.A9.which10.in
解析:
本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了中国成功发
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