语言学教程复习题与答案胡壮麟版2文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:19153282
- 上传时间:2023-01-04
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:12
- 大小:28.64KB
语言学教程复习题与答案胡壮麟版2文档格式.docx
《语言学教程复习题与答案胡壮麟版2文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《语言学教程复习题与答案胡壮麟版2文档格式.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
A__________intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A.coordinator
B.particle
C.preposition
D.subordinator27.Phrasestructureruleshave____properties.A.recursive
B.grammatical
C.social
D.functional28.Phrasestructurerulesallowustobetterunderstand
____________
A.
howwordsandphrasesformsentences.B.
whatconstitutesthegrammaticalityofstringsofwordsC.
howpeopleproduceandrecognizepossiblesentencesD.
Alloftheabove.29.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalled________.A.
transformationalrulesB.
generativerulesC.
phrasestructurerulesD.
x-bartheory30.Thetheoryofcaseconditionaccountsforthefactthat__________.A.
nounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.B.nounphrasescanbeusedtomodifyanothernounphraseC.
nounphrasecanbeusedinadverbialpositionsD.
nounphrasecanbemovedtoanyplaceifnecessary.31.Thesentencestructureis________.A.onlylinearB.Onlyhierarchical
C.complex
D.bothlinearandhierarchical
32.
Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare____innumber.
A.large
B.small
C.finite
D.infinite
33.The________rulesaretherulesthatgroupwordsandphrasestoformgrammaticalsentences
A.lexical
B.morphological
C.linguistic
D.combinational34._______rulesmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.
A.Generative
B.Transformational
C.X-bar
D.Phrasestructure
IV.Definethefollowingterms:
35.syntax
36.Sentence
37.coordinatesentence
38.syntacticcategories39.grammaticalrelations
40.linguisticcompetence41.transformationalrules42.D-structureV.Answerthefollowingquestions:
43.
Whatarethebasiccomponentsofasentence?
44.
Whatarethemajortypesofsentences?
Illustratethemwithexamples.45.
Aretheelementsinasentencelinearlystructured?
Why?
46.
Whataretheadvantagesofusingtreediagramsintheanalysisofsentencestructures?
47.
WhatisNPmovement.Illustrateitwithexamples.
I.
DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:
l.F
2.T
3.F
4.T
5.T
6.T
7.T
8.F
9.F
10.T
11.F
12.T13.T
14.TII.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:
15.simple,16.sentence
17.subject
18.predicate
19.complex
20.embedded
21.open
22.adjacency
23.Parameters
24.CaseIII.Therearefourgivenchoicesforeachstatementbelow.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:
25.D26.D
27.A
28.D
29.A
30.A31.D
32.C
33.D
34.BIV.Definethefollowingterms:
35.
syntax:
Syntaxisasubfieldoflinguistics.Itstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage.Itconsistsofasetofabstractrulesthatallowwordstobecombinedwithotherwordstoformgrammaticalsentences.36.
Sentence:
Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.Normally,asentenceconsistsofatleastasubjectandapredicatewhichcontainsafiniteverboraverbphrase.37.
coordinatesentence:
Acoordinatesentencecontainstwoclausesjoinedbyalinkingwordcalledcoordinatingconjunction,suchas"
and"
"
but"
or"
.38.
syntacticcategories:
Apartfromsentencesandclauses,asyntacticcategoryusuallyreferstoaword(calledalexicalcategory)oraphrase(calledaphrasalcategory)thatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction.39.grammaticalrelations:
Thestructuralandlogicalfunctionalrelationsofconstituentsarecalledgrammaticalrelations.Thegrammaticalrelationsofasentenceconcernthewayeachnounphraseinthesentencerelatestotheverb.Inmanycases,grammaticalrelationsinfactrefertowhodoeswhattowhom.40.linguisticcompetence:
Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguages,syntacticrulescomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeakerknownaslinguisticcompetence.41.Transformationalrules:
Transformationalrulesaretherulesthattransformonesentencetypeintoanothertype.42.D-structure:
D-structureisthelevelofsyntacticrepresentationthatexistsbeforemovementtakesplace.Phrasestructurerules,withtheinsertionofthelexicon,generatesentencesatthelevelofD-structure.V.Answerthefollowingquestions:
43.
Normally,asentenceconsistsofatleastasubjectanditspredicatewhichcontainsafiniteverboraverbphrase.44.
Illustratethemwithexamples.
Traditionally,therearethreemajortypesofsentences.Theyaresimplesentence,coordinate(compound)sentence,andcomplexsentence.Asimplesentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence,forexample:
Johnreadsextensively.
Acoordinatesentencecontainstwoclausesjoinedbyalinkingwordthatiscalledcoordinatingconjunction,suchas"
.Forexample:
Johnisreadingalinguisticbook,andMaryispreparing
forherhistoryexam.
Acomplexsentencecontainstwo,ormore,clauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.Thetwoclausesinacomplexsentencedonothaveequalstatus,oneissubordinatetotheother.Forexam-ple:
BeforeJohngaveheralecture,Maryshowednointerestinlin-guistics.45.
No.Languageisbothlinearlyandhierarchicallystructured.Whenasentenceisutteredorwrittendown,thewordsofthesentenceareproducedoneafteranotherinasequence.Acloserexaminationofasentenceshowsthatasentenceisnotcomposedofsequenceofwordsarrangedinasimplelinearorderwithoneaddingontoanotherfollowingasimplearithmeticlogic.Infact,sen-tencesarealsohierarchicallystructured.Theyareorga-nizedbygroupingtogetherwordsofthesamesyntacticcategory,suchasnounphrase(NP)orverbphrase(VP),ascanbeseenfromthefollowingtreediagram:
S
NP
VP
Det
N
Vt
NP
Det
N
The
boy
likes
the
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 语言学 教程 复习题 答案 胡壮麟版