经贸翻译笔记文档格式.docx
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经贸翻译笔记文档格式.docx
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A:
Aims:
Toconveyfullythemeaningorinformationoftheoriginaltext/sourcelanguagetothereaders.
B:
Types:
(1)intraculturaltranslation文化内翻译
intralingualtranslation语言内翻译
(2)interculturaltranslation跨文化
interlingualtranslation.跨语言翻译
C:
Methods:
literaltranslation直译
freetranslation意译
III.StandardsofTranslation:
1.信、达、雅(严复)faithfulness,expressiveness,elegance
2.“翻译标准不宜苛求全面统一,应视不同文体而定;
若用信达雅来衡量,则应有区别地有所侧重。
”(王永泰2002)
Literalform/stylecanbedividedintotwotypes:
literaturalornon-literaturalstyle.(文艺性/非文艺性)。
Examples:
1.IgavemyyouthtotheseaandIcamehomeandgavemywifemyoldage.
2.Paymentwillbemadeby100%confirmed,irrevocableLetterofCreditavailablebysightdraft.
第二章
商务英语和商务英语翻译
I.Definition:
BusinessEnglishisasocialfunctionalvariety,abranchofEnglishforSpecificPurposes,theuseofEnglishinbusinessconditionor,it’sastandardEnglishincludingeverybusinessactivity,fittingthetradingneeds.
TheBritishbusinessEnglishspecialistNickBriegerputforwardthetheoryofthebusinessEnglishcategory,thatis“BusinessEnglishincludeLanguageKnowledge;
CommunicationSkills;
ProfessionalContent;
ManagementskillsandCulturalAwereness.”
Businessactivitiesincludeintroducingtheadvancedtechnology;
internationaltrade;
attractingtheforeigntrader/merchantandintroducingtheircapitalfunds;
internationalcontract;
internationalfinance;
foreigninsurance;
worldtraveling;
overseasinvestment;
internationaltransport;
sowesaytheEnglishweuseintheactivitiesmentionedabovearecalledBusinessEnglish.
II.CharacteristicsofBusinessEnglish:
1.Asafunctionalvarietyoflanguage,theuseofbusinessEnglishhavefollowingcharacteristics:
Thelanguageform,vocabularyandcontentofbusinessEnglishmustbeconcernedwiththebusinesstheoryandpractice.
ThewordsofbusinessEnglishareformal,clearandsimple,andeasytobeunderstood.
Forexample,
Weuseapprovalimprove,Notapprobation,ameliorate(tobeunderstoodeasily)
weusepriorto/previousto;
expriry;
certify;
solicit
butnotbefore;
end;
prove;
seek;
.
(formal)
Whenweuseverbs,weusetheformalsingleverb,butnotusethedaily-usedwordsortheverbalphraseconsistingof“verb+preposition/adv.”or“v.+n.+pre.”
appointmakeanappointmentof;
continueNOTkeeponorgoon;
supplementaddto
ThestructureofthebusinessEnglishsentenceisverycomplicated,sentencepatternisnorm/standard,thestyleisformal.
If,whetherduringtheexecutionoftheworksoraftertheircompletionandwhetherbeforeoraftertherepudiationorotherterminationofthecontract,betweentheEmployerandtheContractorarisesanydisputeinconnectionanydisagreementbyeitherpartywithanyaction,inaction,opinion,instruction,determination,certificateorvaluationoftheEngineer,themattershall,inthefirstplace,bereferredtotheDisputesReviewBoard.
译文:
无论是在工程执行过程中,还是在工程完成以后,也无论是在放弃合同或其他终止合同之前或者之后,如果业主与承包商之间出现任何与合同或工程执行有关的或因合同或工程执行而引发的争端,包括任何一方对工程师的任何行动、不行动、意见、指示、决定、证书或评价所产生的异议,那么该争端应首先提交争端审核委员会。
Whenwedescribesomethingofbusiness,weshouldpayattentiontomakingthemeaningclear,concrete,wemustn’tmakeitambiguous/vague/indistinctandabstract.
Compare:
a.Wewishtoconfirmourtelexdispatchedyesterday.
b.WeconfirmourtelexofJuly2nd,2005.
Politeness:
veryimportant
2.Fromtheapproachofthegrammar/sentencestructureortheusingofvocabulary,businessEnglishhavethefollowingcharacteristics:
A.Stylization/formulas程式化
ChinaLightIndustrialProductsImportandExportCorp.,BeijingBranch,BeijingPrintingCompany(hereinafterreferredtoasA)andA.E.MorganPublicationsLtd.(hereinafterreferredtoasB)havediscussedthematterofprintingamagazinebyAforBandconcludedthecontract,thetermsofwhichareasfollows:
兹经中国轻工业产品进出口总公司北京分公司北京印刷公司(以下称甲方)与A.E.摩根出版有限公司(以下称乙方)协商,签订由甲方为乙方印刷杂志的合同,其条款如下:
TheundersignedSellersandBuyershaveagreedtoclosethefollowingtransactionsaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow:
ThiscontractismadeandsignedbyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller,wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheundermentionedgoodssubjecttothetermsandconditionsasstipulatedhereinafter:
兹经买卖双方同意成交下列商品,
订立条款如下:
ThisSoleAgencyAgreementisenteredintothroughfriendlynegotiationsbetweenXXXCorporation(hereinaftercalledPartyA)andXXXCompany(hereinaftercalledPartyB)onthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefittodevelopbusinessonthetermsandconditionssetforthbelow:
经xxx总公司(以下称甲方)与xxx公司(以下称乙方)友好协商,本着平等互利发展贸易的原则达成独家代理协议。
兹订立条款如下:
是来料印刷加工合同(PrintingContractofProcessingSuppliedMaterials)的首段,
分别是售货合同(确认书)和购货合同(确认书)的第一段,而
独家代理协议的第一段
以上各例可看出这些文件、单证的程式化倾向,同类的合同协议或信用证均以此开头。
实际上在文本具体内容大致相似的条件下,语言的运用只是大同小异而已,有时可能用同义表达方式替代。
例如:
totheextentofRMB¥
...可用下列几种表达方式来替代:
a)fortheamountofRMB¥
...
b)forasumnotexceedingRMB¥
c)foranysumorsumsnotexceedinginallRMB¥
d)uptoanaggregateamountofRMB¥
和上述法律性文件及单证相比,商业信函的程式化程度远远没有那么严格。
其程式化特点主要表现为一些套语、固定搭配及句式结构的频繁使用。
例如,信函的开头常用下面的表达方式来简要提及所收到信函的内容:
a)Werefertoyourletterof(dated)…+v-ing
b)Referringtoyourletterof(dated)…+v-ing
c)Withreferencetoyourletterof(dated)…+v-ing
兹谈及你方(贵方)x月x日xx函.
再如,要告诉收信人某事则常用:
a)Pleasebeinformed(advised,notified)ofsth./that…
b)Weherebyinform(advise,notify)sb.ofsth./that…
现(兹)告知(通知)你方(贵方)…
B.Grammarfeatures
1.Comparingwiththebusinessletter,thesentenceofcontractandthebusinesscertificate/documents(exclude“forms”)isverylong.
Incaseofqualitydiscrepancy,claimshouldbefiledbytheBuyerswithin3monthsafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination,whileofquantitydiscrepancy,claimshouldbefiledbytheBuyerswithin15daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination.ItisunderstoodthattheSellersshallnotbeliableforanydiscrepancyofthegoodsshippedduetocausesforwhichtheinsurancecompany,shippingcompany,othertransportationorganizationsand/orpostofficeareliable.
买方提出索赔,凡属质量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起3个月内提出,凡属数量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15日内提出。
对所装货物提出任何异议,属于保险公司、轮船公司及/或其他运输机构或邮递机构所负责任者,售方概不负责
实际上,在一般情况下,这句话可改写为:
Incaseofqualityandquantitydiscrepancies,claimsshouldbefiledbytheBuyerswithin3monthsand15daysrespectivelyafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination.
2.repetitionofthewords:
为避免歧义,达到准确的目的,合同、协议及各种单证常重复关键词(重复频率最高的是名词,其次是动词,形容词再次之),很少用代词指代前面提到的人或事物。
如:
Incaseofqualitydiscrepancy,claimshouldbefiledbytheBuyerswithin3monthsafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination,whileofquantitydiscrepancy,claimshouldbefiledbytheBuyerswithin15daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination.ItisunderstoodthattheSellersshallnotbeliableforanydiscrepancyofthegoodsshippedduetocausesforwhichtheinsurancecompany,shippingcompany,othertransportationorganizationsand/orpostofficeareliable.
“Itisagreedasfollows”(兹达成协议如下)
“Itisunderstoodthat…”
除了以上结构之外,代词it几乎见不到。
此外名词前常用“said”,“aforesaid”,overmentioned”等来修饰限定。
相反,商业信函则一般要避免不必要的重复,且代词的使用频率极高。
WeoweyournametotheBankofChina,London,throughwhomwelearnedthatyouarethemanufacturersoftextiles,piecegoodsandothergeneralmerchandise,andalsothatyouareimportersandexporters.
经中国银行伦敦办事处介绍,我方获知你公司名称,并获知你方生产纺织品、布匹及其他一般商品并经营进出口业务。
(在重复处使用代词)
3.frequentlyusingofnoun
合同、协议及单证中名词的使用频率相当高(例句
);
商业信函也有多用名词的倾向,如:
Weareinacknowledgement/receiptofyourletterdatedMarch21
用“receive”的情形很少。
4.Declarativesentencesareused.多陈述句
“ifX,thenZshallbeY”
“ifX,thenZshalldoY”
常用由“incase(of)”,“intheeventof(that)”,“provided”,“if”,引导的从句或短语来表示条件和让步
信函中这一特点不很突出,但常用“if”,“subjectto+n.”表条件或请求。
Tostepuptrade,wecounterofferasfollows,subjecttoyourreplyhereby5p.m.ourtime,February18.
5.Non-predicateformisusedforverb.动词多用非谓语形式
“shall”isfrequentlyusedincontract,agreementandvariousdocuments.Itconveysthemeaningoffutureandalsoexpressthemeaningofpowerandobligationstipulatedbylaw.既表将来又表法律规定的权力、义务。
为加速贸易,兹还盘如下,以你方2月18日我方时间下午5时复到为有效/准。
C.vocabularyfeatures
1.formal用语正式
1)用正规书面语,比较以下A、B两栏的特点:
AB
effectbringabout/make
requestaskfor
introducebringin
distributehandout
investigatelookinto
attempttry
assisthelp
increasegrow
initiate/commencebegin/start
consider/deemthink
2)用古体词
Whereupon:
afterwhichherein:
inthisdocuments于此文件中
Hereafter:
fromnowonhereby:
bythismeans,asaresultof
Whereby:
bywhich靠那个、凭那个
3)专业术语多terms
compensateontrade
blankendorsement
todrawonsb.
moneycorporation
moneymarket
marg
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