英美概况括考前知识点总结.docx
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英美概况括考前知识点总结.docx
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英美概况括考前知识点总结
英国概况Northern
andofGreatBritain1TheUnitedKingdom英国名称:
,Ireland)
2GreatBritainisthelargestislandoftheBritishIsles,the
地理位置:
,largestislandinEuropeandtheeighth-largestislandin
theworld.ItliestothenorthwestofContinentalEurope,
withIrelandtothewest,andmakesupthelargestpartof
theterritoryofthestateknownastheUnitedKingdomof
GreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Itissurroundedby
over1,000[citationneeded]smallerislandsandislets.或BritishmainlandwesternEuropefromGreat者回答BritainandIreland,north-eastandmanynearbyislands,SheeastbytheNorthSea,theAtlanticOceantothewest,
uptotheNorthAtlanticoffIceland,Yugoslaviaandthe
Europeancontinent,separatedonlybyastripofwater,
theEnglishChannel
3,英国首都:
London
4,组成部分:
England,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland
5,民族:
EnglandWelsh、Scotch、Irish
6,theUnionFlagGodSaveTheQueen天佑女英国国旗:
英国国歌:
43AD,theromanempire
;RomanConquest,三次外族入侵:
Ⅰ7.
thcentury,
late8ⅡAnglo-SaxonConquest;the
Scandinavia,createdacertainculturaldivide
betweennorthernersandsouthernersinEngland
ⅢNormanConquest;1066,Normans,William
tooktheEnglishthrone,andbecameWilliamthe
First
4,英国主要河流:
RiverThames泰晤士河RiverSevern塞文河
8,政府组成部分:
Monarch,Parliament,Cabinet
thcenturyAD
5君主制时间:
君主的职能:
Presidedovertheopeningofparliament,Orderin
CouncilapprovedthesignedofanActofParliamentandmeetthePrime
MinisterandtheQueenstandsfortheBritishintheworld.Suchas
receivingforeignambassadorsandhighcommissioners,receivingvisiting
headsofstate,andandaccessingoverseascountries,theUnited
Kingdomandothercountriestosupportdiplomaticandeconomic
rerelations.
君主现处地位:
皇宫:
BuckinghamPalace
现代君主:
ElizabethII
9,议会历史:
MagnaCarta
组成部分:
Queen\King,houseoflords,houseofcommons
the
byappointedlords:
ofhousebeTo如何成为两院的议员:
Queen\King
Tobehouseofcommons:
generalelection
主要职能:
passthelaw
10,内阁首脑:
Minister
成员:
themembersofparliament
职能:
topersuadeparliamenttopasslawsandvotefortaxes\carry
outthefunctionsofpolicy-making
11,英国普选
对象:
votersandcandidates
选举人:
候选人:
成为首相的人选:
theleaderofthegoverningparty
主要执政党派:
theconservationparty\thelabourparty
现任英国的执政党:
thelabourparty
如何成为执政党:
Thepartywinsthemajorityseatsinthehouseof
commons
12,英国经济
工业革命之父:
瓦特(JamesWatt)发明:
蒸汽机(steamengine)
13,英国的教育
3个阶段:
primaryeducation,secondaryeducation,highereducation
2大分支:
publiceducation,privateeducation
masterdegree
,doctordegree,bachelorsdegree大学教育中的学位:
14,英国文学:
thth11—):
the
English(6段:
①Old1.英语发展的三个阶anglo-saxonlanguage
thth):
thecombinationofMiddleEnglish(11English--15and②
French
th—now)ModernEnglish(15③2.英国最早的一部作品及内容:
Beowulf
3.英国第一个诗人及其代表作:
诗人:
GeoffreyChaucer(乔叟).
代表作:
TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事集)
4.伊丽莎白时期的作家及其代表作
①WilliamShakespeare:
悲剧Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth,
RomeoandJuliet
喜剧TwelfthNight,TheTempest,
AMidsummerNight'sDream,
TheTamingOfTheShrew
②ChristopherMarlowe:
TheTragicalHistoryofDRFaustu
5.弥尔顿的三部曲:
ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained,Samson
Agonistes
15,英国媒体
最早的报纸:
TheObserver
broadsheets(qualitypress)\tabloid(gutterpress)
报纸分为那两类:
BBC的含义:
TheBritishBroadcastingCorporation
16,英国的节日
圣诞节的含义:
tocommemoratesthebirthofJesusChrist
感恩节的含义:
tocommemoratestheCrucifixionandResurrection
ofJesusChrist
美国概况:
1,名称:
theUnitedStatesofAmerica
2,地理位置(geographicalposition):
Thecountryissituatedmostlyin
centralNorthAmerica,andliesbetweenthePacificandAtlantic
Ocean,borderedbyCanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.
4,临国(neighboringcountries):
Canada,Mexico.
5,主要河流(majorrivers):
TheMississippiRiver,theColorado
River,theColumbiaRiver,theYukonRiver,theMissouriRiver
6,五大湖(GreatLakes):
LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,Lake
Huron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.
7,首都:
WashingtonD.C
8,独立战争(AmericanRevolutionaryWar/AmericanWarof
Independence):
1、双方:
ItbeganasawarbetweentheKingdomofGreatBritainand
thirteenBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,andendedinaglobalwar
betweenseveralEuropeangreatpowers.
GeorgeWashington.
、领导者:
2.
3、起止时间:
Sep19,1775---Sep3,1783
9,独立宣言(UnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependence):
1、起草者(drafter):
ThomasJefferson
2、时间:
July4,1776
thJuly,1776
,被通过的时间:
434,主要内容:
Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenare
createdequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertain
unalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,Libertyandthepursuitof
Happiness.
10,美国的政治体制
三权分立:
LegislativeBranchismadeupofelectedrepresentativesfromall
ofthestates,andisonlybranchthatcanmakefederaltaxes,declarewar
orputforeigntreatiesintoeffect.立法机构所属机构为参议院(the
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