选修七Unit4Sharing.docx
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选修七Unit4Sharing.docx
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选修七Unit4Sharing
选修七Unit4Sharing
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
PatientsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer'sdiseaseoftenstruggletorememberrecentlylearnedinformation,meaningtheyforgetthingslikeimportantappointmentsorwheretheylefttheirkeys.Butitseemsthatthesememoriesarenotlost.Theyarestillfiledawayinthebrainsomewhere;theyjustcan'tbeeasilyaccessed.
Now,researchersatMIThavedevelopedameansofgettingbackmemoriesinmicesufferingfromAlzheimer's.Themethodreliesonatechniquethatuseslighttocontrolgeneticallymodifiedneurons(转基因神经元).Currentlyitistooearlytobeusedinhumantrialsasitinvolvesinsertinglightemitting(发光)equipmentintothesubjects'brains,butthesameprinciplesstillapply,theresearcherssaid.
“Theimportantpointisthatthisisevidenceoftheconcept.Thatis,evenifamemoryseemstobegone,itisstillthere.It'samatterofhowtogetitback,”saidtheseniorresearcherSusumuTonegawa.
Theteamtooktwogroupsofmice,onegeneticallyengineeredtodevelopAlzheimer'sandonehealthy.Theythenplacedthemintoaroomandgavethemamildelectricshock.Allofthemiceshowedfearwhenputbackanhourlater.Whenplacedintheroomathirdtimeseveraldayslater,theAlzheimer'smiceactednormally.Theyhadforgottentheshock.
Theresearcherswerethenabletobringbackthememoryoftheshockbyactivating(激活)thecellsinwhichthememorieswerestored.Evenwhenthemicewereputintoanunfamiliarroom,theyshowedfearwhenthecellsassociatedwiththeshockwereactivated.
“Shorttermmemoriesseemtobenormalinorderofhours.Butforlongtermmemories,theseearlyAlzheimer'smiceseemtobedamaged,”saidtheleadresearcherDheerajRoy.“Directlyactivatingthecellsthatwebelieveareholdingthememoryhelpsthemgetitback.Thissuggeststhatitisindeedanaccessproblemtotheinformation,notthattheyareunabletolearnorstorethismemory.”
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了利用光控制转基因神经元使早老性痴呆病患者恢复记忆的技术。
1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheresearchersatMIT?
A.Theyarethepioneersofbrainresearch.
B.Theyhaveusedthemethodinhumantrials.
C.TheycancureAlzheimer'susingthenewmethod.
D.TheycangetbackmemoriesinmicewithAlzheimer's.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段的第一句“Now,researchersatMIThavedevelopedameansofgettingbackmemoriesinmicesufferingfromAlzheimer's.”可知,他们能够使患有早老性痴呆病的老鼠恢复记忆。
答案:
D
2.WhydidtheAlzheimer'smicebehavenormallythethirdtime?
A.Theyfailedtoremembertheelectricshock.
B.Theywereaccustomedtothesituation.
C.Theymanagedtoovercomethefear.
D.Theyactivatedtheassociationautomatically.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第四段的“theAlzheimer'smiceactednormally.Theyhadforgottentheshock.”可知,这些老鼠忘记了受到的电击。
答案:
A
3.Forlongtermmemories,theearlyAlzheimer'smice.
A.cantransformtheirbraincells
B.can'tlearnnewtrickswell
C.caneasilygetbacktheirmemories
D.can'taccesstheinformationstored
解析:
推理判断题。
根据最后一段的“Butforlongtermmemories,theseearlyAlzheimer'smiceseemtobedamaged”和“Directlyactivating...thismemory”可知,对于长期记忆来说,这些处于早老性痴呆病早期的老鼠因为(脑细胞)已经被损害,不能获得这种已经储存的信息。
答案:
D
4.Themainpurposeofthetextisto.
A.introduceamethodofaresearch
B.reportthelatestdiscoveryaboutadisease
C.giveadviceonhowtoimprovememories
D.explainhowabrainstoresinformation
解析:
作者意图题。
通读全文可知,本文的主要目的是报道关于早老性痴呆病的最新发现。
答案:
B
B
Ifyoufollowedthe2019OlympicGames,youmayhavenoticedthatseveralathletes,includingUSswimmerMichaelPhelps,hadcircularbruisesontheirbodies.Thesebruisesweretheresultof“cupping(拔火罐)therapy”,atraditionalChinesemedicinalpracticethathasbeenaroundformorethan2,000years.
Manyathletessaythattheyhavebenefitedfromthetherapy.Phelpsusedthetherapyinthefallof2019andhasuseditabouttwiceaweeksince,reportedABCNews.AnotherUSswimmer,DanaVollmer,alsobelievesthat“itreallyhelpswithbloodflow”.
However,somehavesaidthatthesupposedhealtheffectsresultfrompeople'sfeelingthatthetreatmentworks,ratherthananyphysicaleffectofthetreatment.
Tofigureoutcuppingtherapyhasanyphysicaleffect,lastyearresearchersfromGermanycarriedoutatestinwhichafalsetreatmentwasprovided.
Inthestudy,thesametypeofcupswasusedintherealtreatmentandthefalsetreatment.Butinthefalsetreatment,thecupshadaholeatthetopsothattheycouldn'tcreatethepropersuction(吸力).
Thetestedpatients,whosufferedfromadisorderthatcausedalotofpain,weretoldthattheywouldreceiveeithertraditionalcuppingor“softcupping”.Buttheywerenotinformedthatthesocalled“softcupping”wasafalsetreatment.
Itturnedoutthatmostpatientscorrectlyguessedwhichkindofcuppingtheyhadreceived.Inbothgroups,patientsalsoexperiencedaboutthesamereductionsinpain.“Theresultssuggesttheeffectsofcuppingtherapymightcomefromf
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